This chapter is dedicated to examining technologies and strategies for improved resilience of information and communications networks. Initially, this chapter describes typical service requirements for information and communications networks by discussing services provision expectations. These expectations are presented in context by describing typical regulatory environments observed in the United States and other countries, placing special attention on emergency 911 regulations. The second part of this chapter provides an overview of most commonly observed strategies and technologies used to improve resilience. These strategies and technologies include resources management approaches, as well as hardware- and software-based technologies.

In this chapter, the network throughput and capacity are derived and analyzed. The deployment strategies for MI networks are first introduced. Then, we present the typical network topologies for MI networks. After that, we compare the performance of different network topologies regarding congestion, node failure, and power consumption, among others.

This chapter provides an overview of the main infrastructure systems that are the focus of this book as well as describing fundamental concepts and information about network theory, reliability and availability, and disruptive events that are also applicable to the rest of this book.

This chapter is divided into two main parts. The first part presents various resilience modeling approaches for critical infrastructures, with a focus on power grids and communication networks. However, as is explained, a main modeling framework relying on graph theory is applicable to most other critical infrastructure systems. The second part discusses various resilience metric approaches, with special attention to those applied to power grids. Metrics for concepts related to resilience that have also been used in the literature are also discussed in this chapter. Discussion of both resilience modeling and metrics is expanded in later chapters, particularly in Chapter 4, where dependencies and interdependencies are taken into consideration.

This chapter explains problems associated with planning infrastructure systems in order to improve resilience. Understanding the concept and basic methods for planning infrastructure investments is an important aspect for studying resilience because planning is a key process that contributes to resilience preparedness and adaptation attributes. Initially, the chapter discusses the fundamental problems and issues found when making decisions about investment allocations amid uncertain conditions. Then, probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) as still the main tool used in industry in planning processes is explained. Because characterizing intensity and other relevant attributes of disruptive events is an important component of planning processes for enhancing resilience, this chapter continues by exploring how these events – and especially hurricanes – can be characterized in order to obtain information that can be used as input for the planning process. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing economic concepts and tools related to infrastructure resilience enhancement planning processes.

This chapter is dedicated to examining strategies and technologies for improving power grids’ resilience. The first part of this chapter focuses on traditional power grids by presenting technologies and management approaches for improved resilience at the power generation, transmission, and distribution levels and by discussing strategies for enhanced withstanding capability or reduced restoration speed. The second part of this chapter explores the effect that the evolution of power grids into “smart” grids may likely have in the future. Advanced technologies that have already been implemented at all levels of power grids are discussed. Alternative power distribution approaches implemented at the load level, such as microgrids, able to significantly improve resilience with respect to traditional power grids, are also described in this chapter.

In preceding chapters, we have shown reasons by analyzing the power generated by the magnetic dipole antenna and devising the pathloss model by using the equivalent circuit model. Due to the high path loss, the magnetic communication range is very limited. On the one hand, this can be leveraged to enable secure short-range wireless communications, e.g., near-field communication. On the other hand, magnetic communication cannot be used for many important applications that require a long communication range. In this chapter, we first introduce the magnetic waveguide, which starts from the fundamental analysis of its structure and magnetic field propagation in the air. Then, we extend the discussion to extreme environments and show the range extension. Next, we introduce the metamaterial-based solutions. The spherical metamaterial-resonance structure is analyzed using advanced electromagnetic theory. After that, we present an approach to implement the spherical metamaterial structure. The enhancement is demonstrated by using numerical analysis and experimental measurements.