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13588 results in History of science and technology

Page 462 of 680

  • Darwin faces Kant: a study in nineteenth-century physiology

  • S. P. Fullinwider
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / March 1991
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 21-44
    Print publication:
    March 1991

  • Recent explorations into Sigmund Freud's intellectual development by Frank Sulloway and Lucille Ritvo have directed attention to the significance of evolutionary theory for psychoanalysis. In this paper I shall pursue the exploration by showing how Darwin was received by members of the so-called Helmholtz circle (Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Brücke) and certain of Freud's teachers in the University of Vienna medical school. I will make the point that the Leibniz–Kant background of these several scientists was important for this reception. I will argue that the Leibniz–Kant tradition came forward to Freud by two roads, Helmholtz's unconscious inference as foundation for a physiology of the senses, and Arthur Schopenhauer's not unrelated uses of the principle of sufficient reason to explain the possibility of lawlikeness in a universe of lawless energies. Finally, I will suggest ways in which Freud received and used the tradition.

  • Editorial note

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / March 1991
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, p. 1
    Print publication:
    March 1991
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Page 462 of 680