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13574 results in History of science and technology

Page 565 of 679

  • Franklin's Electrical Atmospheres

  • Roderick W. Home
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / December 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 131-151
    Print publication:
    December 1972

  • Benjamin Franklin's enunciation of his so-called ‘one-fluid’ theory of electricity in the period 1747–55 nas often been hailed as an important milestone in the history of physics. So indeed it was, for, with the rapid and widespread acceptance of the new theory, the science of electricity became based for the first time on the view that the electrification of a body involved the accumulation of a ‘charge’ from elsewhere, rather than the excitation of matter already present in the body. Only a little more remotely, the triumph of Franklin's theory over the rival ‘excitation’ theory espoused by the Abbé Nollet paved the way for the more sophisticated fluid theories propounded by Aepinus, Cavendish, and Coulomb in the years that followed.

  • BJH volume 6 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / December 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. b1-b9
    Print publication:
    December 1972
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  • Thomas Martin

  • A. J. V. Gale
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, p. 105
    Print publication:
    June 1972
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  • Lavoisier and the Caloric Theory

  • Robert J. Morris
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 1-38
    Print publication:
    June 1972

  • Professional historians of science generally recognize the importance of Lavoisier's theory of heat. However, it commonly receives scant attention in the historical treatment of his chemical theories except perhaps as an example illustrating his conservatism and giving the impression that the caloric theory, although perhaps important in the development of ideas on the nature of heat, is independent of and bears little relationship to his general chemistry or is incidental to an understanding of that chemistry.1 An examination of Lavoisier's writings suggests that the caloric theory is not merely a milestone in the development of physics; and rather than an omittable appendage, his concept of heat forms an integral part of his chemical system and plays a central, necessary role in his oxidation theory in particular. The purpose of this paper is to give a general description of Lavoisier's ideas on the nature and action of heat, the origin of these ideas, their development, and their relation to his general chemistry, pointing out his conservatism as well as his innovations.

Page 565 of 679