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101427 results in Language and Linguistics

Page 555 of 5072

  • The present of the English future: Grammatical variation and collocations in discourse

  • Rena Torres Cacoullos, James A. Walker
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / June 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, pp. 321-354

  • We use the variationist method to elucidate the expression of future time in English, examining multiple grammaticalization in the same domain (will and going to). Usage patterns show that the choice of form is not determined by invariant semantic readings such as proximity, certainty, willingness, or intention. Rather, particular instances of each general construction occupy lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic niches. While putative differences in meaning are largely neutralized in discourse, grammaticalization paths are reflected in particular constructions of different degrees of lexical specificity, which bear different nuances of meaning or tenacious patterns of distribution inherited from once-meaningful associations. We conclude that collocations contribute to the shape of grammatical variation.

  • Externally and Internally Caused Change of State Verbs

  • Gail McKoon, Talke Macfarland
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 76 / Issue 4-Part1 / December 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, pp. 833-858

  • The lexical semantic structures of change-of-state verbs are explored via linguistic theory, corpus analysis, and psycholinguistic experimentation. The data support the idea that these verbs can be divided into two classes, those for which the change of state is internally caused and those for which it is externally caused (Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995, cf. Smith 1970). External causation change-of-state verbs have been hypothesized to denote two subevents, internal causation change-of-state verbs only one event. Consistent with this difference, the psycholinguistic data indicate that, in both transitive and intransitive constructions, sentences with external causation verbs take longer to comprehend than sentences with internal causation verbs.

  • Open Syllable Lengthening in West Germanic

  • Aditi Lahiri, B. Elan Dresher
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 75 / Issue 4 / December 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, pp. 678-719

  • Vowels in stressed syllables in the West Germanic languages—e.g. Middle English, Middle Dutch and Middle High German—were lengthened under certain circumstances. There have been two different explanations for this change. The traditional assumption is that a process of open syllable lengthening (OSL) was introduced to standardize the quantity of stressed syllables (Prokosch 1939, among others). The second, quite different, approach assumes that the lengthening process (at least in Middle English) is not OSL but some sort of compensatory lengthening caused by the loss of a final schwa (Minkova 1982, 1985, Lass 1985, Hayes 1989, Kim 1993). We attempt to show that OSL was part of the grammar of all three languages, but that the motivation depended on the local contexts. We claim that all three languages endeavored to maintain and maximize the Germanic foot (Dresher & Lahiri 1991), and OSL contributed in different ways to do so.

Page 555 of 5072