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Since at least the time of Ferdinand de Saussure, most linguists have insisted that language is a system of exclusively symbolic—that is, arbitrary—signs. There is, however, growing evidence that language contains many elements which are iconic—that is, imitative of non-linguistic reality.
[From before the ablaut changes ablatives were formed with suffix tos. The nil-grade of this was ts, which lost its s under certain sandhi-conditions. The resultant t was in Hittite specialized as an instrumental suffix while ts formed ablatives. In Indo-European t is familiar as the ablative ending of o-stems. Indo-Hittite ts became Indo-European s, and this appears in Greek καλῶς, etc., and in ablatives of all declensions except the o-declension. Many Indo-European adverbs of place contain ablatival s, as is shown by such pairs as Greek ἀμφίς = Sanskrit abhítas ‘on both sides.’]
Prof. R. G. Kent in his article, The Development of the Indo-European Dental Groups, LANG. 8. 18-26, has advanced a theory, which is undoubtedly correct, to explain the development of a non-morphological dental sibilant between the members of the morphologically-developed group dental stop + dental stop. Primitive Indo-European at the time when this development took place had in its phonemic system no long consonants. Consequently the group dental stop + dental stop could not be actualised in speech as a long dental stop (which would presumably have been simplified at once), but was actualised through analogical workings as a ‘doubled’ consonant, i.e. the breath was released after the first stop and a second stop was then formed. The breath-release is indeed audible enough in such a type of articulation. That it ‘became stronger in an effort to articulate clearly, the ultimate product being the dental sibilant’, appears doubtful. It seems more probable, from a phonetic point of view, that the sibilant fricative resulted from the manner in which the stoppage was broken by the tip of the tongue. A clean movement of the tip from the point of contact would not result in a fricative; a less complete break of the contact, whether due to comparative immobility of the organ or to lack of time to complete the break, would produce a fricative.