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5383 results in Neurosciences

Page 94 of 270

  • 10 - Beyond the Critical Period: Acquiring Stereopsis in Adulthood

  • from III - PLASTICITY IN ADULTHOOD AND VISION REHABILITATION
  • Edited by Jennifer K. E. Steeves, York University, Toronto, Laurence R. Harris, York University, Toronto
  • Book:
    Plasticity in Sensory Systems
    Published online:
    05 January 2013
    Print publication:
    17 December 2012, pp 175-195

  • Summary

    When I was 48 years old, my vision improved in ways that most scientists and physicians considered impossible (Barry, 2009; Sacks 2006, 2010). I had developed strabismus, or misaligned eyes, within the first months of life. When I looked at an object, I aimed or fixated one eye at the target and turned the other eye in. In contrast, most infants aim their eyes simultaneously at the same point in space and are able to fuse the two eyes' images into one view of the world. They develop stereopsis, or the ability to use the slightly different viewing perspectives of the two eyes to create the perception of stereoscopic depth. Because I aimed my eyes at different regions of space, I received uncorrelated images that could not be fused. How could I create a single worldview from the conflicting input from my two eyes? Like most children with strabismus, I learned to ignore or suppress the input from the turned eye. This provided me with a single view of the world but one that lacked stereoscopic depth. I did not see with stereopsis: I was stereoblind.

    In an attempt to correct this condition, I underwent three eye muscle surgeries at the ages of 2, 3, and 7 years. The operations helped my eyes to look straight but did not change my viewing habits. I continued to fixate with one eye and turn in the other, rapidly alternating between the eye that I used for fixation and the eye that I turned in.

Structural Information Theory
  • The Simplicity of Visual Form
  • Emanuel Leeuwenberg, Peter A. van der Helm
  • Published online:
    05 December 2012
    Print publication:
    22 November 2012
  • Structural information theory is a coherent theory about the way the human visual system organises a raw visual stimulus into objects and object parts. To humans, a visual stimulus usually has one clear interpretation even though, in theory, any stimulus can be interpreted in numerous ways. To explain this, the theory focuses on the nature of perceptual interpretations rather than on underlying process mechanisms and adopts the simplicity principle which promotes efficiency of internal resources rather than the likelihood principle which promotes veridicality in the external world. This theoretically underpinned starting point gives rise to quantitative models and verifiable predictions for many visual phenomena, including amodal completion, subjective contours, transparency, brightness contrast, brightness assimilation and neon illusions. It also explains phenomena such as induced temporal order, temporal context effects and hierarchical dominance effects, and extends to evaluative pattern qualities such as distinctiveness, interestingness and beauty.

Page 94 of 270