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The most extensive history of punctuation in English literature available, this three-volume set examines the production, context, and impact of punctuation in nearly 100 major authors and texts from the Medieval period to the present. Essays address the complexity, nuance, and significance of punctuation in works of poetry, drama, and prose, using diplomatic quotation to demonstrate punctuation's essential part in literary writing, production, reading, and reception. Topics covered include scribal and textual transmission and genesis ; manuscript and print ; pedagogy ; standardization ; house style ; conventions ; editorial intervention ; reading experiences ; and elocutionary, syntactical, deictic, and spatial punctuation. A general introduction discusses theories and practices of punctuation, while three volume-introductions address the age of manuscript, impact of printing, and subsequent pressures of mechanization, industrialization, and digitization. This History demonstrates that punctuation, far from “accidental,” is a crucial element of hermeneutics, deeply impacting literary practice, meaning, and interpretation.
The most extensive history of punctuation in English literature available, this three-volume set examines the production, context, and impact of punctuation in nearly 100 major authors and texts from the Medieval period to the present. Essays address the complexity, nuance, and significance of punctuation in works of poetry, drama, and prose, using diplomatic quotation to demonstrate punctuation's essential part in literary writing, production, reading, and reception. Topics covered include scribal and textual transmission and genesis; manuscript and print; pedagogy; standardization; house style; conventions; editorial intervention; reading experiences; and elocutionary, syntactical, deictic, and spatial punctuation. A general introduction discusses theories and practices of punctuation, while three volume-introductions address the age of manuscript, impact of printing, and subsequent pressures of mechanization, industrialization, and digitization. This History demonstrates that punctuation, far from 'accidental,' is a crucial element of hermeneutics, deeply impacting literary practice, meaning, and interpretation.
The most extensive history of punctuation in English literature available, this three-volume set examines the production, context, and impact of punctuation in nearly 100 major authors and texts from the Medieval period to the present. Essays address the complexity, nuance, and significance of punctuation in works of poetry, drama, and prose, using diplomatic quotation to demonstrate punctuation's essential part in literary writing, production, reading, and reception. Topics covered include scribal and textual transmission and genesis ; manuscript and print ; pedagogy ; standardization ; house style ; conventions ; editorial intervention ; reading experiences ; and elocutionary, syntactical, deictic, and spatial punctuation. A general introduction discusses theories and practices of punctuation, while three volume-introductions address the age of manuscript, impact of printing, and subsequent pressures of mechanization, industrialization, and digitization. This History demonstrates that punctuation, far from “accidental,” is a crucial element of hermeneutics, deeply impacting literary practice, meaning, and interpretation.
George MacDonald (1824–1905) remains one of the most persistently read and beloved of the Victorians. His fairy tales and children's books have delighted generations of young readers, while his sermons, essays, and poems still offer startling insights to life and literature. He has increasingly been recognised as one of Scotland's most important nineteenth-century novelists. Here, seventeen new essays from an international, diverse group of scholars illuminate the crucial aspects of MacDonald's remarkable, varied works. The chapters are organised around MacDonald's life, major genres, and central themes, and provide clear points of entry for students, researchers, and curious readers. For readers approaching MacDonald's works for the first time and for those renewing a long acquaintance, The Cambridge Companion to George MacDonald is an indispensable guide. With a foreword by Malcom Guite and an afterword by Roderick McGillis.
Ninety years ago an international war against fascism was fought, and lost, in Spain. Defeat triggered a World War that drove back the Nazi empire and its collaborators, but the progressive dream of more equal societies which antifascists had fought for in Spain was afterwards paralysed by a conservative Cold War order everywhere. Helen Graham vividly tells this history through the interconnected lives of five diverse activists and creatives who defended democracy in Spain and were afterwards scattered across continents by continuing war, political repression and the Holocaust. With courageous imagination they transformed their losses into new ways of living and resisting. As the stakes rise again today, the urgency of reconnecting with these lives redoubles: in the face of 'post-truth' advances, this book testifies to forensic history as a form of resistance, and to the lasting importance of Spain's faraway war that remains forever near.
The first comprehensive study of vernacular English literature from medieval Ireland, this volume explores a rich yet until now relatively neglected body of work within Ireland's literary heritage. Revealing the strikingly important place occupied by Middle English in the story of Ireland's literary production, Caoimhe Whelan reveals interactions between Gaelic and English in colonial Ireland and the wider English empire, opening a new perspective on the tradition of writing in English in Ireland. Engaging in close analysis of original manuscript sources, she situates texts in their various historical, literary and cultural contexts and presents literary scholars and historians with a new way of understanding medieval colonial writing in the English lordship of Ireland.
In this vivid and ambitious study, Kate Driscoll uncovers the vibrant world of women who read, supported, and transformed the works of Torquato Tasso, one of the most prodigious poets of the Italian Renaissance. Drawing on rare archival materials, overlooked manuscripts, and visual evidence, she reveals how women readers – patrons, performers, and poets – shaped Tasso's writing and contributed to his enduring legacy. Moving beyond traditional accounts that cast women as passive recipients of male authorship, she demonstrates that they were instead active collaborators whose insights, conversations, and creative responses were integral to the making and meaning of premodern literary sociability. Through the frameworks of literary hospitality and horizontal patronage, she shows how networks of readers and writers crossed social and artistic boundaries, telling a compelling new story about how communities form around reading and how they survive over time. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Victor Hugo's eminence as a writer is bolstered by his reputation for unbridled ambition, prolific talent, and virile sexuality, yet his work is deeply uncomfortable with these aggrandized notions of what it means to be a man. Rereading some of Hugo's most famous writing alongside lesser-known texts, Bradley Stephens reveals how the author of Les Misérables contests normative ideas of manhood in ways that are surprising and urgent for gender studies today. Although Hugo recognized the allure of 'greatness', his writing knowingly resists the patriarchal clichés that were being fastened onto his public image even before he was laid to rest in the Paris Panthéon as one of France's grands hommes in 1885. Hugo channelled nature's spontaneity to understand all forms and types as fluid, not fixed, and his aversion to categorical viewpoints and established hierarchies necessarily questions the binary logic of gender and its naturalization of men's social dominance.
Covering the earliest known Anglophone literature for children from its medieval forms, its evolution in the early modern period and towards its emergence in the world of print culture, this volume explores the very foundations of the field through to its establishment as a popular genre for nineteenth-century consumers. In-depth discussion of specific sub-periods is provided in the opening chapters, while the remainder trace both major and more subtle changes in genre and style over time, charting an age of experimentation in form including both successful innovations and frequent failed attempts. The geographical range primarily focuses on the British Isles, but chapters also investigate early developments in children's books from North America and the wider impacts of colonialism and slavery. The shifting currents of didacticism and reading for pleasure across a variety of genres, bolstered by Enlightenment educational ideals, intersect here with new thinking about politics, sex, science, and faith.
In this transformative study, Simon Smith explores how playwrights like Shakespeare crafted their plays for demanding and varied commercial audiences. Rediscovering the many forms of judgement practiced in the early modern playhouse, he investigates influences ranging from the classical tradition and grammar-school classroom to ballad and jest culture. Where many prior studies have treated 'the judicious' as a self-contained subset of playgoers, Smith reveals the variety of careful assessments made in the theatre by a wide range of playgoers, showing that judgement and pleasure were often simultaneous elements of the same response. Chapters examine specific parts of plays that were especially subject to evaluation and generative of enjoyment: spectacle, words, plot, and actorly technique. Close readings shed fresh light on much-studied plays like Hamlet and Volpone, as well as exploring several unfairly overlooked plays. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
Highlighting the vibrancy and courage of women's contributions to the Romantic era's cultural politics, this History explores – from the perspective of women – the period's British incarnations to demonstrate how female accomplishment challenged secondary social status and initiated an early form of feminist protest and gender study. Separate chapters examine the media that women used – including (but not limited to) song, music, needlework, drawing, and empirical experimentation – and the range of venues and locales where they performed their gender identities and cultural assessments. While making space for writers, writing, and textual literacy, the History resists prevalent bias toward these media as agents of social transformation, prioritizing instead collective, improvisatorial, and embodied modes of creativity and protest. Recognizing the contested nature of both 'British Romanticism' and 'women' in today's critical discourse, this major work puts these two constructed entities into dialogue to explore the history and evolution of their creative critical interactions.
Will Kaufman now brings his award-winning cultural history up to the present: to a USA poised on the brink of autocracy under Donald Trump and the MAGA movement. His second instalment explores songs from all genres that respond to war, racism, sexism, terrorism, the climate emergency and political oppression: including the crisis of Trumpism itself. The struggles of the American project have always, the author reveals, been sung into history; and his aim is to preserve and continue this venerable tradition. The musical sweep is broad. It includes Indigenous and immigrant songs, the Broadway musical, opera, symphonic music, swing, bebop, free jazz, avant-garde and electronica, Puerto Rican and Hawaiian resistance anthems, Mexican corridos, blues, rock, soul, country, folk, gospel, punk, riot grrrl, heavy metal, disco, hip-hop, rap, and reggaeton. Revealing the myriad ways in which American song reflects the fight for social and political justice, it is an essential intervention.
This book is a politically urgent and critically rigorous study of the re-emergence of tragedy in American literature since 1945. It argues that literature appeals to tragic forms and figures to narrate the lived experience of labor during a period of social upheaval. In the novels of William Gaddis, Sylvia Plath, Thomas Pynchon, Kathy Acker, Philip Roth and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the generic coordinates of tragedy attach to the precarious work-lives of multiple characters in ways that bring labor into direct conversation with a literary history of tragedy. It explores Faustian pacts in The Recognitions (1955) and the inescapable determinism of The Bell Jar (1963), through the sacrificial scapegoat and singing choruses of Gravity's Rainbow (1973), the Oedipal reckoning of Blood and Guts in Highschool (1984), to the Shakespearean bloodlines of The Human Stain (2000) and the tragic forms of alienation in Americanah (2013).
This Companion explores the relationship between American literature and the Cold War. It shows how American writers offered critical depictions of social conformism amid the Cold War drive for consensus and McCarthyite persecution during the Eisenhower years. From the formal experiments of Beat and Black Mountain writers and the countercultural politics of the New Left to the postmodernism of the Reagan era, literature oscillated between tropes of 'freedom,' aligned with the Western geopolitical imagination, and 'constraint,' associated with supposedly totalitarian communist regimes. Writers also confronted the threats of nuclear annihilation, environmental crisis, and US imperial overreach. Influenced by the Civil Rights movement, marginalized communities developed literary practices that articulated resistance and demands for liberation, often in solidarity with global anti-colonial struggles. Work associated with second-wave feminism, the Black Arts Movement, American Indian and Chicano/a renaissances, and gay and lesbian movements challenged both the ideological certainties and representational conventions of the liberal status quo.
Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical History of the Kings of Britain (c. 1138) became one of medieval Europe's most popular and successful creations. Here, Jaakko Tahkokallio explores its high-medieval reception through a detailed examination of its extensive manuscript corpus. Geoffrey's pseudohistorical text introduced King Arthur and the prophet Merlin to European literature. Previous research has often portrayed Geoffrey's work as a radical departure from mainstream Latin historiography and emphasised its connections to emerging vernacular courtly literature. The evidence scrutinised in this book – the manuscripts' production histories, material characteristics, and marginalia – presents a challenge to this received wisdom, indicating instead that Geoffrey's History largely corresponded to, rather than challenged, the expectations of its medieval readers for historical texts. In its combination of fabulous and controversial content with the traditional form of Latin historical writing, it appealed to an extraordinary range of contemporary readers.
Unemployment in British and American Literature since the 1930s explores the literary history of unemployment-from the Great Depression to today-arguing that the feelings culturally associated with unemployment shape its political use. The literature analyzed in the book spans a wide array of contexts and formats: from Depression-era Britain, to the American Rust Belt. Through readings of British and American novels and ethnographies by Walter Greenwood, John Steinbeck, George Orwell, Ann Petry, Richard Wright, Alan Sillitoe, James Kelman, Sarah Smarsh, Douglas Stuart, and others, the book interrogates the feel of unemployment and connects it to changing economic conditions, cultural representations, and political struggles.
The Psychopath and the Twentieth-Century American Novel examines the psychopath as a new kind of monster. Frederick Whiting reads novels – ranging from pulp fiction to belles lettres – that draw on science, law, and popular journalism to try to explain this threatening new creature. Through these readings, this book uncovers the ways in which the figure of the psychopath that populated so many twentieth-century American novels expressed cultural anxieties about sexuality, race, gender, and class – even as the psychopath marked the shifting boundaries of the category of 'the human.' Whiting offers an interdisciplinary analysis showing how literature, science, law, and popular journalism inform each other. Ultimately, he concludes, this episode in the genealogy of monstrosity amounts to a transformation in the evolving concept of the monstrous itself – from a violation of our nature to a violation of our narratives.