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46862 results in Management

Page 1972 of 2344

  • Theodore N. Vail and the Role of Innovation in the Modern Bell System

  • Louis Galambos
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / Spring 1992
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2011, pp. 95-126
    Print publication:
    Spring 1992

  • The record of long–term innovation at the American Telegraph and Telephone Company seems to defy conventional economic and social theories of the firm. The following essay, based on extensive research in the AT&T Archives, argues that CEO Theodore Vail made this possible by transforming the Bell System's orientation to innovation, its structure, and its culture. He also gave the System a cadre of leaders who sustained over the long term Vail's strategy of blending adaptive and formative innovations to promote network efficiency.

  • Experimental Approaches to Studying Ethical-Unethical Behavior in Organizations

  • Linda Klebe Trevino
  • Journal:
    Business Ethics Quarterly / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / April 1992
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 January 2015, pp. 121-136
    Print publication:
    April 1992

  • The social scientific study of ethical-unethical behavior in work organizations is in an early stage of development. This paper discusses some of the problems of conducting social scientific research in this area and explores the potential contribution of experimental research approaches. Both laboratory and field experimentation allow the investigator to test theory-based hypotheses and to study causal relations. Examples are provided of investigations that have applied these methods to the study of business ethics.

  • Editor's Corner

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / Spring 1992
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2011, pp. 169-170
    Print publication:
    Spring 1992
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  • Intellectual Property Protection in the American Chicken–Breeding Industry

  • Glenn E. Bugos
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / Spring 1992
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2011, pp. 127-168
    Print publication:
    Spring 1992

  • The capture and protection of returns from research investments have always been issues in business; in the modern era, they have most often been dealt with through copyright and patent registration. In the chicken–breeding industry, however, the laws of nature served to safeguard the hybridization process and to provide a biological “lock” on specific strains. As new techniques of genetic manipulation came into play, chicken breeders, like others in bio–technology industries, had to reassess their use of intellectual property protection. The following article provides a history of the interplay among the tools for such protection, genetic research, and industry structure.

  • Strategic Maneuvering and Mass-Market Dynamics: The Triumph of VHS over Beta

  • Michael A. Cusumano, Yiorgos Mylonadis, Richard S. Rosenbloom
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / Spring 1992
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2011, pp. 51-94
    Print publication:
    Spring 1992
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  • This article deals with the diffusion and standardization rivalry between two similar but incompatible formats for home videocassette recorders (VCRs): the Betamax, introduced in 1975 by the Sony Corporation, and the VHS (Video Home System), introduced in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (Japan Victor or JVC). Despite being first to the home market, the Beta format fell behind the VHS in market share during 1978 and declined thereafter. By the end of the 1980s, Sony and its partners had ceased producing Beta models. This study analyzes the history of this rivalry and examines its context—a mass consumer market with a dynamic standardization process subject to “bandwagon” effects that took years to unfold and that were largely shaped by the strategic maneuvering of the VHS producers.

Page 1972 of 2344