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17002 results

Page 125 of 851

  • 12 - Mercury’s Hollows

  • Edited by Sean C. Solomon, Larry R. Nittler, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, Brian J. Anderson
  • Book:
    Mercury
    Published online:
    10 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 324-345

  • Summary

    Images from the MESSENGER spacecraft show that irregular, flat-floored depressions with high-reflectance interiors and haloes are common on the surface of planet Mercury. These landforms, called hollows, are among Mercury's youngest non-impact features and may be forming today. Hollows are unique to Mercury, with no close equivalent on other planetary bodies. Clues to understanding hollows come from consideration of morphological features associated with ice-bearing surfaces on Mars and icy satellites, and of processes leading to loss of sulfur from asteroids. Evidence suggests that hollows form when sublimation or destruction of a volatile-bearing phase weakens the host rock, causing collapse and scarp retreat. The phase susceptible to loss may be a sulfide mineral or graphite. Loss of the volatile component could be driven by solar heating, exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, exposure to the solar wind, sputtering by magnetospheric ions, and micrometeoroid bombardment. The depth to which hollows grow may be controlled by accumulation of a protective lag deposit. The volatile-bearing phase that is lost appears to be a pervasive component of the host rock, but in some cases the hollow-forming phase may have been concentrated by volcanic processes or differentiation of impact melts. 

  • 12 - Mercury’s Hollows

  • Edited by Sean C. Solomon, Larry R. Nittler, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, Brian J. Anderson
  • Book:
    Mercury
    Published online:
    10 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 324-345

  • Summary

    Images from the MESSENGER spacecraft show that irregular, flat-floored depressions with high-reflectance interiors and haloes are common on the surface of planet Mercury. These landforms, called hollows, are among Mercury's youngest non-impact features and may be forming today. Hollows are unique to Mercury, with no close equivalent on other planetary bodies. Clues to understanding hollows come from consideration of morphological features associated with ice-bearing surfaces on Mars and icy satellites, and of processes leading to loss of sulfur from asteroids. Evidence suggests that hollows form when sublimation or destruction of a volatile-bearing phase weakens the host rock, causing collapse and scarp retreat. The phase susceptible to loss may be a sulfide mineral or graphite. Loss of the volatile component could be driven by solar heating, exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, exposure to the solar wind, sputtering by magnetospheric ions, and micrometeoroid bombardment. The depth to which hollows grow may be controlled by accumulation of a protective lag deposit. The volatile-bearing phase that is lost appears to be a pervasive component of the host rock, but in some cases the hollow-forming phase may have been concentrated by volcanic processes or differentiation of impact melts. 

The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts
  • Bing Zhang
  • Published online:
    17 December 2018
    Print publication:
    13 December 2018
  • Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the universe, which within seconds release energy comparable to what the Sun releases in its entire lifetime. The field of GRBs has developed rapidly and matured over the past decades. Written by a leading researcher, this text presents a thorough treatment of every aspect of the physics of GRBs. It starts with an overview of the field and an introduction to GRB phenomenology. After laying out the basics of relativity, relativistic shocks, and leptonic and hadronic radiation processes, the volume covers all topics related to GRBs, including a general theoretical framework, afterglow and prompt emission models, progenitor, central engine, multi-messenger aspects (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gravitational waves), cosmological connections, and broader impacts on fundamental physics and astrobiology. It is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and experienced researchers in the field of GRBs and high-energy astrophysics in general.

Exploring Planetary Climate
  • A History of Scientific Discovery on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan
  • Ralph D. Lorenz
  • Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019
  • This book chronicles the history of climate science and planetary exploration, focusing on our ever-expanding knowledge of Earth's climate, and the parallel research underway on some of our nearest neighbours: Mars, Venus and Titan. From early telescopic observation of clouds and ice caps on planetary bodies in the seventeenth century, to the dawn of the space age and the first robotic planetary explorers, the book presents a comprehensive chronological overview of planetary climate research, right up to the dramatic recent developments in detecting and characterising exoplanets. Meanwhile, the book also documents the discoveries about our own climate on Earth, not only about how it works today, but also how profoundly different it has been in the past. Highly topical and written in an accessible and engaging narrative style, this book provides invaluable historical context for students, researchers, professional scientists, and those with a general interest in planetary climate research.

Saturn in the 21st Century
  • Edited by Kevin H. Baines, F. Michael Flasar, Norbert Krupp, Tom Stallard
  • Published online:
    13 December 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018
  • The Cassini Orbiter mission, launched in 1997, has provided state-of-the-art information into the origins and workings of Saturn. Drawing from new discoveries and scientific insight from the mission, this book provides a detailed overview of the planet as revealed by Cassini. Chapters by eminent planetary scientists and researchers from across the world comprehensively review the current state of knowledge regarding Saturn's formation, interior, atmosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere and magnetosphere. Specialised chapters discuss the planet's seasonal variability; the circulation of strong zonal winds; the constantly changing polar aurorae; and the Great Storm of 2010–2011, the most powerful convective storm ever witnessed by humankind. Documenting the latest research on the planet, from its formation to how it operates today, this is an essential reference for graduate students, researchers and planetary scientists.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Bing Zhang, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
  • Book:
    The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts
    Published online:
    17 December 2018
    Print publication:
    13 December 2018, pp 1-26
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Page 125 of 851