The main focus of this chapter is analysis of a major scandal which decimated Manchester City in 1906–7. As a direct result of the treatment of players during the 1906–7 bribe scandal, the Players’ Union was established in Manchester. This was a crucial period in the evolution of football, with players’ rights coming to the fore as a result of the illegal payments scandal at City. The chapter also considers the career of Ernest Mangnall, who was a major influence on both United and City, bringing United their first trophy successes during this period. Although he tends to be remembered as United’s first successful manager, he contributed significantly to both clubs, providing United with ambition and a stadium of quality and City with their own major stadium and the ability to strengthen their support.

The political disposition of The Clash was a matter that divided opinion from the very outset. For their fans, it was the songs that the band crafted together that provided the spark for an entirely different viewpoint on the world. For their detractors, in contrast, the group were often considered to be merely another cog in the machine of the culture industries, and were, therefore, part of the problem rather than the solution. In this chapter, the authors focus on one particular moment when these countervailing readings of The Clash came into sharp relief. In the summer of 1980 the band played a free outdoor concert in the centre of Bologna. While the gig drew an enormous audience of enthusiastic fans, it was also the setting for protests from local radicals self-styled as punx. The chapter traces these threads through the recollections of some of those who were associated in different ways with the Bologna concert. Their disparate renditions of what happened that night and its significance offer some insight into the enduring facility of The Clash to mean entirely different things to different people.

This chapter considers the establishment of multiple clubs across the conurbation at a time when Manchester had emerged as a modern, essentially metropolitan city, with a relatively compact city borough surrounded by a ring, stretching some twelve miles from the centre, containing a complex polycentric mix of districts and towns. The city’s influence stretched some distance beyond its boundary. Manchester’s footballing community had grown by 1878 but was still somewhat smaller than its rugby equivalent, but within a decade the profusion of so many soccer clubs in the east Manchester area aided the establishment of viable fixture lists for multiple clubs. This period saw the development of the clubs and a viable community, but competition remained too flexible.

This chapter is concerned with modest legal details. It examines issues such as the expansion in the use of video-link testimony, the use of intermediaries to contend with the harsh effects of adversarialism, the provision of legal assistance and representation, and the use of out-of-court statements to reduce the need to give viva voce evidence. The issues also include the reliance on prior statements to deal with the spectre of witness intimidation, the socialisation of law through victim impact statements, the development of more relaxed requirement regarding the competence of a witness to testify, and greater recognition of the independence of married spouses. The chapter documents variety of ways in which victims of crime are being accommodated via legal provisions. What must be guarded against in the juridical accommodation of victims is constructive interpretation of process fairness which unites the public interest with victims and against those accused of crime.

This chapter summarises the processes and issues encountered during the development of Manchester’s football culture. It outlines the significance of regional studies in the debates surrounding the origins of football and demonstrates how the book documents the development of the game, and the society and communities that supported and propagated the sport. By 1919 Manchester had become regarded as a footballing city with two prominent, popular and successful Football League clubs bearing its name, and other professional teams established within its conurbation. It had its own football association and a multitude of leagues and competitions at every level. Major finals had been held in the conurbation, while international and representative games had been staged there. Football was evident across Manchester and was an important component of regional identity and culture. The sport had crossed class divides. The chapter argues that long-range thinking allows us to see patterns and cycles within Manchester’s footballing development, ensuring that events and individual moments are considered for their connections and not for how brightly they shine at one particular moment in time. This book concludes that in a city so well known for football, it is still vital to focus on both the detail and the patterns in order to ensure that we recognise the truth of a region’s history.

In this chapter, the book shifts to an analysis of pure symbolic politics. It looks at arts, culture, and inspirational rhetoric. Who are the president and first lady inviting to the White House to entertain the nation and the world? What does this signal about their racial and cultural commitments? Later it looks at the rhetoric of commencement addresses. In addition to examining the content of presidents’ commencement speeches, it incorporates a comparative analysis of first ladies’ speeches to determine the ways that Michelle Obama contributed to the symbolic racial politics of her husband’s presidency. This empirical study ends with a look at black attitudes toward Barack Obama and aspirations regarding his presidency.

This chapter explores in detail the resistance, or what Powell described as the ‘insolence’, of immigrants in the town. The chapter first examines these dynamics within the workplace, with a particular focus on a dispute on the local buses. The chapter then moves on to the school setting and the ways in which immigration was framed in the town’s schools. Both the schools and the buses became critical examples within Powell’s new racial politics. Yet what was happening on the ground seemed to suggest new ways of living and working that would, over the next decade, challenge the racial divisions Powell was stoking.

The re-emergence of the crime victim in Ireland was due to four principal influences that created pressure on the Irish government to alter the status of crime victims. These principal influences were: victimology research; the victims' movement; the recognition and expansion of human rights; and crime became a national election issue, with a contemporaneous decrease in public satisfaction with the criminal justice system. This chapter outlines these four principal influences that transformed the victim of crime in Ireland from a piece of evidence to a stakeholder in the criminal justice system worthy of consideration, requiring the scales of justice to be balanced. In doing so, it highlights an apparent paradox: many of the activities that transformed victims of crime into recognised criminal justice stakeholders were the result of initiatives and efforts meant to aid offenders.