At the end of the 1960s, in a profoundly altered context, the armed conflicts that shook the fragile and still unstable postcolonial set-up once again brought relief to war victims to the centre of humanitarian action. The conflict immediately following the secession of Biafra from Nigeria (1967–69) was only the first in a series of dramatic events that grabbed the attention of the public and from time to time became new emergencies within which the now complex situation of international relief acted. The secession of Bangladesh and the war between India and Pakistan (1971); the fall of the Pol Pot regime and the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia (1979); the famine following the dictatorship and internal conflicts in Ethiopia (1984–85): these were the most significant cases through which humanitarianism took on or showed the distinctive features that still characterise it today.

This short introduction offers an overview on the third part of the book, which opens on the development programmes that, from the early 1950s, made up the main activity of international aid, now fully deployed on a global scale. The aim of these programmes was the economic and social advancement of Third World countries and flanked interventions for the industrialisation and mechanisation of agriculture, projects for sanitation, education and professional training. The areas of activity on which international humanitarianism grew over time became an integral part of development politics. In the late 1960s, the armed conflicts that shook the fragile and still mobile postcolonial set-up brought back to the centre of humanitarian action aid for the victims of war. The conflict immediately following the secession of Biafra from Nigeria (1967–69) was just the first in a series of dramatic events that captured public attention. Such emergencies formed the complicated context in which international aid was mobilised.

This chapter highlights the significance of intercultural communication in immigration contexts, focusing on how migration practitioners develop the specialised professional communication skills needed to successfully do their work. The data comes from the 12-month graduate course required for non-lawyers to register as migration agents in Australia. Drawing on a collection of role-play activities, where students practice conducting client interviews, and debriefing discussions following the role-plays, the analysis examines how (mis)understanding is produced and navigated. The chapter argues that language proficiency, linguistic diversity and gaps in contextual knowledge cannot fully explain the inception or under-detection of misunderstandings; but rather that these are also produced through the participants’ ongoing discursive choices. This has important implications for the design of teaching and learning materials for training migration practitioners who assist migrant applicants to complete complex and demanding legal processes.

The seventh Duchess of Newcastle was the most influential woman in the late Victorian dog show fancy. She was responsible for introducing Russian Borzois into Britain before she switched her allegiance to Fox Terriers in the twentieth century. A keen sportswoman and breeder, she established that women could own large sporting dogs as well as Toys. She was the first ‘Chairman’ of the Ladies’ Branch of the Kennel Club, but a critic of the Ladies Kennel Association.

Part II covers the period from the emergence of neo-socialism as an independent political force in late 1933 with the formation of the Parti Socialiste de France (PSdF) to its incorporation into, and marginalization by, the anti-fascist Popular Front in 1936. The period immediately following the 1933 schism is often taken to be one in which neo-socialism, unburdened by the doctrinal shackles of the SFIO, could express itself freely and reveal its true colors. Moreover, the fact that the neo-socialists embraced “order, authority, nation” as their watchwords and the fact of their experimentation with a fascisant discourse during a period of political crisis in 1934 appear to lend credence to the notion that neo-socialism was always-already a proto-fascist ideology and thus at the root of Déat’s collaborationist fascism during the occupation. A closer look at this period, however, suggests a more complex and crooked path for the neo-socialists.

Jemmy Shaw was the leading impresario in the London Dog Fancy from the 1840s to the 1870s. The Fancy was a fraternity of sportsmen that had begun with bare-knuckle boxing and expanded to dogfighting, ratting and canine beauty shows. Shaw was a publican and his establishments were top venues. Dogfights continued out of sight after they were made illegal in 1835, and timed rat killing by Terriers became the public face of the Fancy. Shaw pioneered canine beauty contests, where the winners were the dogs with the most aggressive look and athletic body. The small size of ratting beauties made them one source of the Toy breeds popular with Victorian women.

This chapter introduces the case of Marcel Déat, a leader of the French Socialist Party who founded one of the main collaborationist parties during the German occupation of France. I define political conversion and argue that accounts of it tend to be marked by a continuity bias. This is true of extant accounts of Déat’s conversion, which emphasize the significance of neo-socialism in determining his trajectory. I argue that this explanatory emphasis on ideological continuity is theoretically and empirically unsound. As an alternative approach, I introduce what I call the practical logic of political conversion, drawing on anti-essentialist and relational theories of political ideologies that treat these as articulated products of classification struggles within political fields. I argue further that the fundamentally discontinuous and relational character of political conversion means that it should be analyzed in terms of what Bourdieu calls “trajectory.” I end with an overview of the book.

As the political crisis of 1934 passed, Déat and the neo-socialists dropped their equivocal posture and returned to the parliamentary preoccupations of their past, merging with other independent reformist socialist parties to form the Union Socialiste et Républicaine (USR). The USR was drawn into the orbit of the anti-fascist Popular Front coalition, but the Popular Front would prove to be a political disaster for the neo-socialists. With the Socialists willing to govern and the Communists emerging as the primary bearers of the Popular Front’s popular-democratic and national-popular mystique, the neo-socialists struggled to distinguish themselves within the political field, resulting in a poor showing in the 1936 elections that brought the Popular Front to power. The Popular Front period was significant for Déat and the neo-socialists’ trajectory, not because it provided a bridge between neo-socialism and fascism, but because it led to the marginalization and disarticulation of neo-socialism.

Charles Darwin discussed the evolution of dogs in the first main chapter of On the Origin of Species (1859). He gave the different types of domesticated dogs as an example of the result of ‘artificial selection’, that is, selective breeding to produce desirable traits in animals and plants for human needs. He aimed to persuade readers that, if humans could produce such variety in dogs, as seen in the difference between the Great Dane and the Pug, in just thousands of years, think what the greater powers of ‘natural selection’ could do over many millions of years. In his subsequent work, he continued to use the notion of the artificial selection of dogs in his later books. In The Descent of Man (1871) examples of similar behaviours and emotions in humans and dogs were cited to show they were related by common descent. Humans’ nearest evolutionary relations, the apes, were poor candidates for this argument, as Victorians only knew them as wild, comic and impossible to train.

Aggression in an intimate relationship violates commonly held expectations that a romantic partner will be loving and supportive. Partner aggression erodes the quality of a relationship and can cause people to experience significant psychological distress and pain. This chapter critically examines research on features of aggression in relationships, how partner aggression is regulated and maintained, and interventions and efforts to address partner aggression. We aim to convey the current state of research on partner aggression and suggest new directions for research.

This chapter reviews the literature on responses to wrongdoing in close relationships. We begin by discussing what we know about transgressions as they occur in relationships. We then explore research and theorizing on three related but distinct ways of responding to wrongdoing (forgiveness, unforgiveness, and revenge) that vary in the nature of the response, the research attention they have attracted among those who study relationships, and the extent to which they are viewed as appropriate, desirable, and healthy. We also consider directions for future research and comment on how current methodology and theory can be extended in this area. We ultimately encourage relationship scholars to approach investigation of relational wrongdoing with openness to the possibility that forgiveness may not always and inevitably be the best way forward by exploring when, for whom, and under what circumstances both forgiveness and its less favourably viewed alternatives produce desirable versus undesirable outcomes.