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The final section, Chapter 9, offers a short conclusion about the future of queer communism. By comparing and contrasting my study with previous scholarship, I argue that queer communism offers not only a distinct Marxist archive but also a dialectical vision of history. Rather than looking at queer studies as an interruption in the history of human emancipation, I see it as an important part of this process.
The health of people living in the USA is worse than that of inhabitants in all the other rich nations, as well as some not so rich. There is no privileged American group that can claim the best health in the world. Healthcare, although important, is surpassed by other factors. Health in a country is mostly determined by the amount of economic inequality present and the attention to early life. These issues are determined by political choices. Terms used are described. Readers are challenged to consider the most important lessons on health they have ever encountered
This chapter turns to questions of profit, interest and interest rates. The first section focuses on why the classics and Marx see profits in the wider economy as providing the basis for any adequate theory of interest. The financial sector can ultimately only appropriate a share of value created elsewhere. It is, however, necessary to go beyond this simple fact, and a critical engagement with Keynes can add valuable nuance. The second section therefore revisits Keynes’s critique of orthodoxy and his alternative depiction of interest rate determination through the interaction of liquidity preference and the money supply. It will be argued that starting within, and directing his critique towards, the will-o’-the-wisp that is conventional theory provides an insufficient basis for an effective alternative. Keynes can demonstrate the fallacies of his opponents’ priorities but cannot secure his own. The classics’ view can provide an anchor while at the same time, Keynes’s insights should provoke a constructive reform of the classics, as analysis moves from an abstract generality to concrete investigations of profit and interest and their relation. The third section argues that Keynes’s insights into liquidity preference and state power can be better reinterpreted as second-order effects, grounded in a classical/Marxist view of profits as the basis of interest but acknowledging questions of institutional power within finance, in the state and inter-state relations, from which both Marx and Keynes abstract. So reinterpreted, Keynes’s insight allows progress beyond the classics’ generalisations particularly in terms of understanding interest rate variability.
Clinical social workers, psychologists, counselors, and other mental health professionals play key roles in a variety of systems, many of which have a history of systematically marginalizing and disadvantaging people of color (POC), sexual and gender minorities (SGM), immigrants and refugees, individuals with disabilities, and other historically oppressed individuals and groups. While the mental health disciplines all require some training in diversity and multiculturalism, graduate-level mental health training varies widely in the extent to which it addresses systemic inequities and builds the capacities of practitioners to disrupt and repair the harm caused by these historical patterns of oppression. This chapter explores this area of focus and practice guidance in embedding anti-oppressive and intersectional concepts into mental and behavioral health practice.
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) must be rooted in anti-oppressive practices that promote equity, power-sharing, and community autonomy, ultimately contributing to the dismantling of systemic racism and the advancement of health equity. Social work leadership and practice are prime locations to incorporate and support CBPR as a mechanism to strengthen processes, intervention, policy creation, and community strategies.
This chapter focuses on the policy and practice of the remarkable post-WWII boom and its unravelling in the 1970s. According to many accounts, the period of managed capitalism and sustained growth and stability gives meaning to the term ‘Keynesianism’. Experience never matches theory exactly, but reconsidering whether or to what extent the long boom followed Keynes’s prescriptions can usefully inform an understanding of what happened in history and also how policy and practice might be changed today. The first section, concentrating on the experiences within leading rich-country economies, argues that much of economic history and policy is hard to square with Keynes’s ideas. The second section considers the international system in this period, identifying elements of which Keynes clearly would have approved, particularly in the implementation of controls on cross-border capital movements. But there were also strongly anti-Keynesian elements, particularly in the way the post-WWII Bretton Woods system disciplined trade-deficit but not trade-surplus countries. The third section considers the crisis of the 1970s and the abandonment of the Bretton Woods system. Policies that at least appeared to draw on Keynes were implemented without conspicuous success. Lacking the historical counterfactuals, it is hard to judge whether alternative policies – whether anti-Keynesian or more determinedly Keynesian – might have worked better. The crisis, however, was widely perceived as a crisis of Keynesianism, and the section considers its implications for Keynesian policy prescriptions and the meaning of Keynesianism.
Women’s mental health is commonly regarded as worse than that of men across most cultures and countries, although the pronounced female disparity for affective disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, is reversed for other mental conditions such as addiction, alcoholism, or autism. Here we probe this puzzle within a life-history adaptationist framework, focusing on the high prevalence of mood disorders among women with the goal to evaluate their adaptive rather than pathological qualities. First, we characterize gender disparities in mental health, particularly mood disorders among women, and review their phenomenology. Then we survey known risks for mood disorder on cultural, ecological, experiential, and physical/physiological dimensions. Next we consider adaptationist explanations for depression, and map women’s life history in non-industrial societies, plotting resources, demands, and selection pressures. Thence we turn to how life-course selection pressures and female adaptive responses to them operate and intersect, illustrated by an example of low birthweight effects. Affective disorders vary in phenotype and prevalence within and across societies and through time, arising from an array of context-sensitive cost–benefit trade-offs for females that operate from birth onwards. Available evidence suggests that the general preponderance of mood disorder among females is adaptive overall albeit via multiple pathways.
A substantial portion of adult health is programmed in the first 1,000 days after conception. Birthweight is a good indicator of fetal development. Low birthweight leads to compromised neural development. Preconception stresses have health impacts, as do prenatal ones. Natural experiments have demonstrated the adverse health impacts of various early-life stresses. Secure infant attachment to caregivers, with much global variation, leads to salutary health outcomes. Trauma or abuse in early life leads to many health compromises. Stress causes much chronic pain in the US, leading to people there consuming most of the world’s opioids. Beneficial posttraumatic growth may occur. Poverty policies affecting early life lead to adverse adult health outcomes
This chapter continues the integration of anti-oppressive principles into established supervision and leadership, highlighting the importance of addressing issues of oppression at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels for effective and ethical practice. The role of intersectionality and power dynamics is discussed and strategies to integrate anti-oppressive principles into practice are outlined. Suggestions for promoting equity and social justice in leadership are provided. Ethical considerations in anti-oppressive leadership, including confidentiality and intersectionality, navigating power dynamics, and addressing ethical dilemmas are explored. The importance of self-reflection in professional development is emphasized, and approaches to implementing anti-oppressive practices at the organizational level are offered. Additionally, common challenges are discussed, as well as strategies to address resistance and seize opportunities for growth and innovation. This anti-oppressive approach will help equip leaders and supervisors with the knowledge and tools necessary to enhance their practice, support supervisees, and drive organizational change through an anti-oppressive lens.