This series of investigations originated in a study of the Necker cube. It has been suggested that the fluctuation-rate of this and similar ambiguous bodies will serve to differentiate between the introvert and the extravert. While this assertion was being investigated, it was found that those patients who were depressed showed a slow fluctuation-rate. It was decided to investigate the question whether or not the fluctuation varied with the degree of depression. Since the fluctuation-rate is known to vary considerably from person to person, it was decided to study a group of depressives over a long period of time, if possible until recovery. The stability of the fluctuation-rate in the same person from day to day is considerable. Guilford and Braby report a coefficient of reliability of ·96.

The observations I wish to make in this paper are based upon some work which my colleagues at Cardiff and I have carried out, and which has a bearing on the question of prognosis in the manic-depressive psychoses.

The theme of this essay is not new. It is humbly suggested that the method involved in it, while not original, is not usual. We have employed no original technique and formulated no new doctrine. We claim to have approached the subject in the appropriate, inevitably laborious fashion.

Carriers of the enteric group of organisms are apt to be a source of some administrative difficulty in mental hospitals. The Infectious Diseases Sub-Committee have therefore attempted to estimate the value of cholecystectomy in this condition.

The objects of this paper are twofold: they are, on the one hand, to give a straightforward description of psycho-therapeutic procedure for those who are unfamiliar with its more technical aspects, and, on the other, to discuss specific problems which have arisen in the course of clinical work, and which might be of interest to other therapists.

The problem of the relationship of the endocrine system to personality and its disorders has long been an intriguing one. The literature abounds with the views of the psychiatrist, physiologist, pathologist and endocrinologist, and still there remains a multitude of challenging questions unanswered. The ætiology of personality disorders, that of the psychoses, and the true function of the endocrines and their working mechanism have never been satisfactorily determined. To establish scientifically any ætiological factor in medicine one must make a definite diagnosis of the entity, identify the ætiological factor, the specific pathological picture, and the influence of specific therapy.

The somatic symptoms found in anxiety states are referable mainly to imbalance of the autonomic nervous system; correction of this imbalance might theoretically be expected to improve the patient's condition. It is almost impossible accurately to assess the autonomic status of any patient, but subjective and objective clinical data together with pharmaco-dynamic reactions, reflex reactions and sugar-tolerance curves collectively represent a sufficiently comprehensive picture to justify some conclusions being drawn as to the state of the patient's autonomic nervous system.

The contractile response of the anterior abdominal wall to the stimulus of a scratch or stroke has become an observation of great value in the routine examination of the nervous system.

Originally used to describe any case of dementia with chronic excitement, the term “chronic mania” has been limited in its application to a group of cases described by Schott and others during this century. In the main, they apply it to cases of mania developed after the age of 40, and differing from an acute attack chiefly in their long duration. In the cases I describe I have confined myself to this usage, and have not included constitutional fluctuating hypomanics who have manifested this after their youth onwards, nor do I include prolonged manic phases in circular manic-depressive cases.

It was in 1923 that J. Capgras (1) first described the syndrome of non-recognition which has since come to be associated with his name.