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[A description is given of the peculiarities in the dialect of certain English-speaking persons with a Pennsylvania Dutch background. Such of these as can be traced to German are found to be not phonologic, nor morphologic, but purely syntactic, and lexical. It is argued that we have no right to ascribe a broader influence to ‘substrata‘ that are imperfectly known.)
[It is shown that Latin vīnum, vīcus, vīdī, and vīs do not continue IE forms with woi-, for the representation of which in Latin we have consequently no evidence. ]
[See the introductory paragraphs and the section headings.]
Certain phonetic tendencies seem to come to an end without any-known cause (cf. the first and second sound shifts in the Germ. languages); others cease because of certain counter influences which develop, either phonetic or analogical.