In 1910, Matteo Giulio Bàrtoli published an article, Alle Fonti del Neolatino; and in 1925, two books: a joint publication with Giulio Bertoni, Breviario di Neolinguistica, and an independent book, Introduzione alla Neolinguistica (Princìpi—Scopi—Metodi). In these three works he formulated certain theories concerning linguistic change, deriving largely from the study of linguistic geography, and on the basis of these theories, combined with the philosophy of Benedetto Croce, he developed an approach to linguistics which he and Bertoni termed Neolinguistica or ‘Neo-Linguistics’. The work of the neolinguisti or ‘Neo-Linguists’ (as they styled themselves in opposition to the Neo-Grammarians) has remained generally unknown in this country until recently, when several articles have appeared, arguing the superiority of the ‘neo-linguistic’ method over other approaches. Since these articles give only a partial and not wholly accurate picture of Bàrtoli's theories and their value, and since Bàrtoli's books are in general not easily accessible to American linguists, an attempt at presentation, critical discussion, and evaluation of his ‘Neo-Linguistics’ is in order. We shall make such an attempt in this article, primarily on the basis of the Introduzione alla Neolinguistica. The basic questions we shall try to answer are : (1) What does Bàrtoli have to say to us? (2) What is it worth from the point of view of general linguistic method? (3) What is it worth to us, here and now?