[An attempt to show that the Hittite ai-verbs are not continuants of IE āyo-verbs, but an analogic modification of IE denominatives in -ā-mi thru association with forms of the thematic verbs.]

[An effort is made to show that none of the Alexandrians attempted to foist his theory of the dual into the text of Homer, but that each followed the manuscript evidence as he had it. Instances of the 'false' dual are found chiefly in interpolations, although there are one, or possibly two, passages in which a 'false' dual has been created by the use of borrowed materials. ]

Provençal escacha, escaicha, escaissa, 'break with the teeth', 'break', 'tear', 'bite' is not mentioned by Meyer-Lübke. The forms escacha, escaissa seem to be regular reflexes of *excoactare, *excoactiare 'to smash', the ai in escaicha being due to the attraction of escaissa. Meyer-Lübke does mention French écacher 'to smash' along with French cacher 'to hide' as a doubtful derivative of *coacticare. These French words seem to be Provençal loanwords from *[ex]coactare. Provençal quicha 'to press', 'to pinch' must have some other source.