It is now more than a half century since the memorable controversy concerning the application of analogy to linguistics began to be fought out between the old school on the one hand and the neo-grammarians on the other. Today, analogy is regarded as at least of equal if not greater importance than the phonetic laws themselves.

The Tabula Baritina is a small bronze tablet inscribed on both sides; the inscription on the one side is composed in Latin, and that on the other side is in the Oscan language, but in the Latin alphabet. The two inscriptions are of different subject matter.

Heretofore, in etymological investigations, in the Indo-European field at least, several processes have been overworked, being used to explain quite too many instances of irregularity. These include the following: (1) ablaut variation within the permissible grades, but without any indication of the reason for the variation; (2) cognation with words found in remote branches of the Indo-European family, but without any near congeners; (3) special phonetic laws, set up to explain some two or three examples, and so narrowly defined that they can apply to very few examples.

In the Conquête de Constantinople of Robert de Clary there occurs twice the expression de ne, used to introduce a negative question. The editor, M. Philippe Lauer, writes it as two words, probably considering it the preposition de plus the negative particle.

The languages considered are: Zapotek, Mixtek, Chinantek, Mazatek, Cuicatek, Chatino, Chocho.

The thesis of this paper is that all these languages are essentially monosyllabic, that they are undergoing an evolution toward the development of a system of pronominal suffixes, that these suffixes can be traced through a series of dialectical variations all the way from a mere repetition of the pronoun after the verb, through agglutination, to fused “inflection” of verbal endings.

The Iguvine Tables are seven bronze plates, which are inscribed on both sides with a document in the Umbrian language, giving the ritual of the Atiedian Brothers; except the third and the fourth plates, which are inscribed on one side only. They were found in 1444 at Gubbio, the ancient Iguvium, where they are still kept in the town-hall. Two other similar tables were found at the same time, but have been lost.

The Lex Julia Municipalis is a document of the year 45 B.C., on a bronze tablet which has been broken into two pieces of almost equal size. One piece was found in 1732, near Heraclea in South Italy, and has been since 1754 in the Naples Museum; the other, found 1735 at the same place, is also in the Naples Museum, after having been for some years in private possession in England. The other side of the Tablet bears a Greek inscription, CIG 3.5774-75.