[An attempt is made to show that the intonation designated by the Greek circumflex is not inherited from IE, but is produced partly by specifically Greek contractions, and partly by the analogical extension of the intonation thus arising to morphologically similar forms.]

[PIE tst etc. (from dental stop + dental stop) gave st, etc. in the dialects, losing the prior dental by regular regressive dissimilation. In Italic, Celtic, Germanic, the analogy to the final consonant of the root more commonly reversed the order of dissimilation, giving ts > ss, which even appears to be the normal development; in Indic, tt etc. may have a similar analogical origin. The sibilants in tst etc. are produced by a PIE pronunciation of the group as two separate stops instead of as one long stop, the breath emitted between the two ultimately strengthening to a full sound.]

[The word kaupatjan is derived from the Greek , probably by way of Vulgar Latin colaphizare.]

The Albanian language constitutes a distinct branch in the Satem division of the Indo-European languages. It is the direct descendant of the ancient Illyrian of Roman times, together with some Thracian influences. Since Albania is an isolated and mountainous region, and there has been no attempt at standardizing a literary language until very recent years, the number of local dialects, varying in grammar and syntax, in vocabulary, and in phonetic structure, is enormous. At the present time, two principal dialectal divisions exist, Geg or Northern, and Tosk or Southern, which are more or less mutually intelligible. The inhabitants of Albania number one million, and at least another million speakers of the language live in the surrounding countries or across the seas.

Abarca 'a kind of footwear of rawhide, covering the sole, the toes and most of the foot, and fastened with cords or straps over the instep and ankle'.

According to a traditional etymology accepted by Diez and advocated by Baist, this word is derived from Basque abarka 'shoe'. But Schuchardt has declared the Basque word a borrowing from the Spanish, rejecting Astarloa's analysis of the Basque word into abar 'branch' and kia 'thing', and deriving the Spanish word from Latin barca 'boat'. The meaning 'wooden' assigned by Diez to Basque abar is not confirmed by the Basque-Spanish-French dictionary of R. M. de Azkue (Bilbao, 1905), and appears to rest merely on a doubtful semantic assumption. Furthermore, of course, the Spanish word does not designate a wooden but a leather shoe. Meyer-Lübke, wavering between the two rival etymologies in the second edition follows Baist in the third, objecting to Latin barca for the reason that it will not account for the initial syllable of Sp. abarca. This phonetic objection is valid; for while various Spanish words show an incorporated Arabic article, sometimes reduced to a-, as in azote < Ar. (al)saut, one looks in vain for Latin words similarly treated.

[This paper (read at the International Congress of Americanists, Hamburg, 1930) attempts to present the phonetics of Chinook Jargon as now spoken by a few natives, to treat the essential phenomena of its structure, and to exhibit a text accompanied by an analysis.]

[Through etymological analysis of some Balto-Slavic terms of acoustic perceptions, it was possible to offer a comparison of their semantic sources, and thus throw light on the origination of ideas, descriptive of our sense of hearing, both as to its function and content.]