Contents

1. The Manuscript
2. Style and Usage
3. Quotations and Citations
4. Resources and links

Foreword

This guide has been prepared as a quick reference for NPT authors and deals with commonly encountered issues when preparing manuscripts for NPT in particular and in the field of Turkish Studies more generally.

We hope this advice will be useful to you, our authors, and help you to produce manuscripts that can be edited quickly by our very small and partly voluntary editorial team.

Respectfully,
The Editors

1 The Manuscript

1.1 Formatting the manuscript

Manuscripts should be submitted in size 12 in a readable font (Times New Roman). The main text and footnotes should both be double spaced and left-aligned (ragged right). Formatting the manuscript in this way is a courtesy which aids screen readability and the use of track changes and comment tools used in the editing and review process.

NPT uses CambridgeA reference style, which is an author-date reference system with in-text citations and a reference list. Further information on the CambridgeA reference style is available here

If you do not follow these guidelines you will be asked to reformat your paper prior to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.

1.2 Completing the manuscript

Authors are responsible for submitting a complete manuscript, including an abstract of not more than 200 words, author affiliation(s) and contact details, and a final reference list, a list of image credits, and all diagrams, tables, figures, captions, and footnote citations. Articles should not exceed 10 thousand words including footnotes and bibliography.

It is not the responsibility of the editors to add material to your manuscript. If you do not provide all the necessary sections you will be asked to add any missing material prior to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.

1.3 NPT manuscript formats

Please use the following as a check list to make sure you have included all the necessary sections and information for your submission. 

1.3.1 NPT Article format

• Length: Articles should not generally exceed 10,000 words, including footnotes and final reference list.
• Title: Titles and subtitles in the article are to be capitalized sentence style (i.e., only the first word and proper nouns), see 2.5 Capitalization of titles.
• Abstract: Articles carry an abstract of no more than 200 words under the title. An abstract must give a sense of the focus, scope, argument and conclusions of the whole paper.
• Author(s)' affiliation, including department, institution, city, country, and e-mail address should be included in the cover letter.
• Acknowledgements: Authors can use this section to acknowledge and thank colleagues, institutions, workshop organizers, family members, etc. that have helped with the research and/or writing process. It is important that any type of funding information or financial support to be listed under ‘Financial Support’ rather than Acknowledgements so that it can easily be tagged and captured separately.
• Financial Support: Please supply all details required by any funding and grant-awarding bodies as a separate section of your manuscript, as follows:
• For single agency grants: "This work was supported by the [Funding Agency] under Grant [number xxxx]."
• For multiple agency grants: "This work was supported by the [Funding Agency 1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency 2] under Grant [number xxxx]; and [Funding Agency 3] under Grant [number xxxx.]"
• Where no specific funding has been provided for research, please provide the following statement:
• "This research received no specific grant funding form any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors."
• Conflicts of Interest (COI): Authors must include a COI statement in their cover page when they submit, which will be published in their article. These include any situation that could be perceived to exert an undue influence on an author's presentation of their work. They may include, but are not limited to, financial, professional, contractual or personal relationships or situations.
• If the manuscript has multiple authors, the conflict of interest statement should list all contributing authors, e.g. "Disclosure. Author A is employed at company B. Author C owns shares in company D, is on the Board of company E and is a member of organization F. Author G has received grants from company H in the past."
• If an author wishes to state they have no disclosures to make, their statement should say "Conflicts of Interest. None."
• Reference list: Please use CambridgeA reference style as above. 

1.3.2 NPT Book review format

• Length: Book reviews should not exceed 1,500 words.
• Title: Book reviews carry no title. The title of a book review is a full CambridgeA bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, including the number of its pages. Further information on CambridgeA reference style can be found here.
• References: References in the text to pages of the reviewed book appear in brackets in the text preceded by the abbreviation p. / pp., e.g., (p. 21) or (pp. 21–23).
• Footnotes and reference list: Book reviews do not carry footnotes or a reference list, and references to other works are discouraged. If citations of secondary sources are absolutely necessary to the argument, they may be placed inline in the text in CambridgeA reference style. Nevertheless, placing a book in the context of a wider secondary literature is generally the purpose of a review article, not a book review.

1.3.4 NPT Review article format

Review articles follow article format with the following differences:

• Length: Review articles should not generally exceed 7,500 words, including footnotes and final reference list.
• Title: Under the title of a review article, please list the books under review with a full CambridgeA bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, listing the number of its pages.
• Abstract: Review articles do not carry an abstract.

1.3.5 NPT Commentary and editorial format

Commentaries and editorials follow article format but do not carry an abstract.

1.4 Figures

1.4.1 Images

All figures and tables should be supplied in separate files. Resolution: halftone images must be saved at 300dpi at approximately the final size. Line drawings should be saved at 1000 dpi, or 1200 dpi if very fine line weights have been used. Combination figures must be saved at a minimum of 600 dpi. Cambridge Journals recommends that only TIFF, EPS or PDF formats are used for electronic artwork. For more detailed guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format please see the Cambridge Journals Artwork Guide.

1.4.2 Graphs, charts and tables

Graphs, charts and tables are to be provided in a separate, editable document (either word processor or spreadsheet), not as static images. Authors are responsible for acquiring permission to use datasets and for the accuracy of the data they use.

1.4.3 Placement and captions

All figures must be numbered in the order in which they appear in the manuscript (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2). In multi-part figures, each part should be labelled (e.g. Figure 1(a), Figure 1(b)).

Figure captions must be saved separately, as part of the file containing the complete text of the manuscript, and numbered correspondingly.

The filename for a graphic should be descriptive of the graphic, e.g. Figure1, Figure2a.

2 Style and Usage

2.1 Language and spelling

NPT publishes articles and reviews in English only. The preferred spelling is US English, except in citations of works published in UK English, except in citations of works published in UK English. All non-English words found in an unabridged US English dictionary should be treated as English words.

NPT follows the Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary as a source for standard US spellings, including hyphenated and capitalized forms.

When spelling Turkish words and proper nouns, NPT always uses the additional Turkish Latin characters: Â â Ç ç Ğ ğ İ ı î Ö ö Ü ü Ş ş, e.g.:

2.2 Transliteration

All non-Roman alphabets must be transliterated, and authors are responsible for the consistency of their transliterations. Transliterated words and phrases should be in italics on the first instance.

2.3 Italicizing Turkish words

In general, Turkish language words in the main text are to be italicized on first mention to mark them as foreign terms and an English translation provided in brackets, without quotation marks or italics. Subsequent uses of the term in the text do not have to be italicized. By the same logic, where a Turkish language word is usually calqued into English by convention, it is not necessary to italicize it. Thus:

The last instance is the architecture of Zöhre Ana's dergâh (dervish lodge), which represents a mixture of the architectural discourses of the tomb or (traditional) dergâh and the state-sponsored ethnographic museum.

The author engages Tanzimat reform policies and the resulting cultural changes

2.4 Capitalization of terms

NPT follows standard US capitalization practices as per the Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (www.merriam-webster.com). The following is a list of capitalizations commonly encountered in Turkish studies.

• (when referring to the “civilizations” rather than the directions) the East, the West, Western / Eastern values, intellectuals, etc., a Westerner, an Easterner, Westernization, etc.
• early Republican period, Republican intellectuals, policies, etc.
• late Ottoman period, Ottoman intellectuals, policies, et.
• the Ottoman Empire, subsequently, the Empire
• the Republic of Turkey / the Turkish Republic, subsequently, the Republic
• the Tanzimat
• the First Constitutional Era
• the Second Constitutional Era
• World War I / II
• the (Turkish) War of Independence

2.5 Capitalization of titles

Titles of published works are always to be capitalized in headline style (i.e., all the nouns and verbs, but not the articles or prepositions unless they begin a sentence or subtitle). NPT applies this rule to Turkish titles even where the original title is in sentence style, as in French or German titles. Thus:

2.6 Institutions / organizations (translation / abbreviation)

The names and titles of Turkish institutions, organizations, laws, etc. should be given in standard English translation with the full Turkish term provided in the main text in brackets immediately after the first mention. Names or titles that are frequently mentioned should be abbreviated in their most commonly used form, whether Turkish or English initials, and the smae initials used consistently thorughout the paper. Names or titles used once do not require abbreviation.

Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı) …

Kurdistan Worker's Party (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan, PKK) … A PKK spokesman

Justics and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, JDP) … JDP policy

2.7 Courtesy translation of titles

NPT is a specialist publication, read by scholars who usually have some familiarity with Turkish language. Therefore, it is not necessary to give courtesy translations of the titles of works originally published in Turkish (or other languages) in footnotes and reference list. As the majority of sources for NPT articles are in Turkish and languages other than English, such a practice sould quickly becoome ungainly. Thus:

Nevertheless, if the reader must understand the title of a work to follow the argument, it may be translated in the main text or an explanatory footnote. In citations, courtesy translations are to be enclosed in square brackets. In either case, the main reference must remain in the original language. If a work is published in English translation, it must be capitalized headline style, otherwise sentence style. Thus:

In Ateşten Gölek (Daughter of Smyrna / The Shirt of Flame, 1921), Halide Edip Adıvar constructs an allegory of national destiny through first person narrative.

¹ See İnci Aslanoğlu's published doctoral thesis, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı [Architecture of the early Republican period] (Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Basım İşliği, 1980) for more examples.

2.8 Original Turkish of translations

Occasionally, it may be necessary to provide the original Turkish of a translated phrase for clarification. Where possible, this should be done in brackets and italics after the translated phrase and outside any quotation marks, but before punctuation.

Ayverdi argued that this policy was disadvantageous for Turkey and amounted to feeding “weeds to a carnivore and meat to an herbivore” (Et yiyenin önüne ot, ot yiyenin önüne et koymak).¹

2.9 Numbers

2.9.1 Small numbers

Numbers less than 100—i.e., zero through ninety-nine—are written out in words while percentages, document sections, dates and currency take Arabic nuberals.

The İstanbul sex ratio in 2000 becomes increasingly skewed in favor of women as they age. At the ages of sixty-five to sixty-nine, there are roughly nine men for every ten women in that age group.

By age eighty, over one-third of widows but only 10 percent of widowers had moved in with married children.

In chapter 33, Jacobson shows how the Sephardim's perception of Ottomanism shifted during the war.

2.9.2 Larger numbers

For numbers form 100–999,999, NPT uses Arabic numerals with American separators for thousands (,) and decimals (.). Thousands separators are not used for page numbers:

In 2012, there were only 180 elder care facilities serving 12,000 individuals in all of Turkey.

The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.

¹ Svein Olav Daatland et al. “Balancing Generations,” Ageing and Society 31 (2011): 1168–70.

Numbers higher than 999,999 are written out with a combination of decimal numbers and words:

The consulting firm has estimated the value at $ 3.2 billion in 2013.

2.9.3 Percentages

In the main text, percentages are written as Arabic numerals plus the word “percent.” The abbreviated symbol % may only be used in tables, charts and figures.

The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.

	1950–1980	1980–2010
Turkey	3.1%	2.4%
World	2.6%	2.0%

2.9.4 Roman numerals

Roman numerals may be used to refer to rulers and wars, etc. All Roman numerals referring to document sections in citations must be converted to Arabic numerals.

During World War I, German propagandists hoped that a call to jihad by Mehmet V Reşad would sway Muslim soldiers to the Axis powers.

2.9.5 Ranges

Ranges of dates or page numbers take a single en dash (–):

Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876–1909) was the last powerful sultan of the Empire.

¹ See Laslett, “Necessary Knowledge,” 55–61.

2.9.6 Currency

NPT uses the format “x TL.” However, new Turkish lira or YTL should be used for the period between 2005–2008. Symbol usage should be consistent and historically accurate throughout a paper and follow the rules for other currency symbols.

The company declared that it had made a lost of 215.5 trillion TL in 2003.

In 2009, the TBMM approved a budget of 10 million YTL for these purchases.

Indeed, the consulting firm has estimated the value at $3.2 billion in 2013.

The decimal division of the Turkish lira is the kuruş. It is not necessary to notate kuruş separately, hence nine Turkish lira and ninety-nine kuruş may now simply be written as 9.99 TL.

2.9.7 Dates (Gregorian, Hicri, Rumi)

Dates in the main text are to be given in Gregorian (Miladi) form following US date style. Decades may be written in plural form.

Turgut Özal was elected to the prime ministry in December 1983.

On January 24, 1980, the Demirel government introduced an ambitious liberalization program.

Fiscal and current account deficits accompanied this development trajectory in the 1960s and 1970s.

Where a Hicri or Rumi date appears inside a citation or would be necessary to identify a source, the Gregorian equivalent should be given in square brackets immediately afterwards:

An article published in the Ottoman Painter's Society's official 1911 Regulations (Nizamname) states that “the Society is under no circumstances to engage in political matters.”<sup>1

1</sup> Osmanlı Ressamlar Cemiyeti Nizamname-i Esasisi (Dersaadet: Bekir Efendi Matbaası, 1327 [1911]).

Authors are responseible for the accuracy of their dating. For help converting between Gregorian, Hicri and Rumi dates, see 4.3 Date conversion resources.

2.10 General punctuation

2.10.1 Punctuation with quotation marks / footnote numbers

Periods, commas, question marks, semicolons, etc., should always come before closing quotation marks and footnote numbers should come after everything:

Abdülhamid was referred to disparagingly as “The Red Sultan,” “The Great Assassin,” and “Abdul the Damned” by his contemporaries in the West.⁶

The author has elsewhere referred to İstanbul as a “city of families.”¹

2.10.2 Technical and/or “problematized” terms

NPT uses double quotation marks to signify technical and/or “problematized” terms. That said, the incessant “problematizing” of “problematic” terms can be a “problem” as it is often unnecessary and can be rather distracting.

Indeed, this anxiety was also reflected in the Sephardim's “inclusive” form of Zionism, which differed from the more “exclusive” forms popular among the Ashkenazi.

2.10.3 Parenthesis

In dashed parenthesis, NPT uses an em dash (—) without leaving a space after or before the words:

Modes of care may have to be adjusted to the various stages of the life course of the elderly—particularly women—as they shift from care-givers to receivers.

3 Quotations and Citations

3.1 Formatting quotations

To enclose quoted material of less than three lines or ~40 words, NPT uses double quotes (curly). Quotes within quotes are enclosed in single quotation marks. The footnotes number comes after the closed quotation marks:

Ayverdi provided an overall critique of the right-wing policy of investing mainly in the economy, while ignoring “the most important ‘capital’: human beings.”¹

For quoted material of more than three lines or ~40 words, format it as a block quote inset by a tab space without any quotation marks. In a manuscript, it is not necessary to change the style, line spacing, or font etc., of quotations. Quotes within block quotes are enclosed in double quotation marks. The footnote number comes after the period in the final sentence:

Oğuz Atay has the protagonist deliver a little lecture burlequing the curricular language of history and geography classes in Turkish schools:

Our country is a piece of land, four-cornered in general, many-cornered in particular, surrounded by the seas from some sides, and by other countries from other sides. Where our country is not surrounded by water, it is bordered by dotted lines […] Along these “borders,” the longer lines show the buildings, and the dots show the watch towers. These, when seen from above, look like maps.¹

For changes to quoted material, NPT uses square brackets around inserted words and around an ellipsis to indicate cuts. Capitalization may be changed without any indication in square brackets.

The editors of a recent volume on the subject state that “transfers […] to dependent populations [children and the elderly] dominate all other transfers in any economy.”¹

3.2 In-text citation style

NPT follows the CambridgeA reference style, an author-date reference system. The complete style guide is available here. Below is a brief overview:

• Cite references in the text by author last name, followed by publication date, with no punctuation between the author name and the publication date.
• For works with three or more authors, cite the first author’s name followed by “et al.”
• Order references alphabetically within strings by author, and chronologically when citing works by the same author.
• Use semicolons to separate works by different authors and commas to separate works by the same author.
• Distinguish between works published by the same author in the same year by adding a lower case letter to the publication year (a, b, c, etc.) in the order in which the references appear in the text.

3.3 Reference list contents

Reference lists are a quick guide to the sources referred to in your article. The following types of source must always be listed:

• books
• e-books
• journal articles
• online journal articles
• collected periodical editions/collections (where significant or primary sources)
• conference proceedings, reports, interviews, correspondence, theses, dissertations, etc.
• published or unpublished theses and dissertations
• archival sources
• individual newspaper / magazine / news website articles
• presentations
• websites
• Unpublished references, such as personal correspondence or interviews, or unpublished manuscripts not held in an archive should not be listed in the references list but rather cited in the text.

3.4 Reference list style

Arrange references alphabetically by author surname, with all the authors listed. List author names in “last name first name” format, with the first names given in initials.

List two or more works by the same author or authors chronologically.

To distinguish two or more works by the same author or authors in the same year, use a, b, c, etc. following the date, and list references in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.

Do not use the three-em dash for repeated authors, as this throws off indexing engines.

For titles of journal articles and book chapters, use sentence style capitalization (minimum capitalization). Do not enclose the titles in quotation marks.

For book and journal titles, use headline style capitalization (maximum capitalization) and italics. Always list journal titles in full rather than in abbreviated form.

Do not elide page numbers when giving page ranges (thus, it should be 213-229 rather than 213-29).

For journal articles, doi information should be included where available. Both the URL format (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017....) and the abbreviated format (doi:10.1017…) are acceptable.

Examples of various kinds of references can be found in the style guide at [location]

3.5 Turkish legal citation (NYU School of Law JILP) 

This section is reproduced verbatim from the New York University School of Law, Journal of International Law and Politics, Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, First Edition, 2006 pp. 200–205. For a link to the original, see 4.1 Citation and referencing style resources.

TURKEY
Tükiye Cumhuriyeti (The Turkish Republic) […]

II CITATION GUIDE
There is no uniform code of citation in Turkey. The following represents the most accepted citation practice, but they are not adhered to by all authors.

3.5.1 Common Abbreviations

Common abbreviations in Turkish include article (“madde” or “m.”), paragraph (“fikra” or “f.”) and page (“s.”)

3.5.2 Constitution

Cite the Constitution by title (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası) or abbreviated title (“T.C. Ana.” or “Ana.”), and subdivision referenced (see Section 0.1):

Tükiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası Madde 3.
T.C. Ana. m.3.
Ana.m.3.

3.5.3 Legislation

Statutes, Laws, Regulations, Decrees

Cite statutes, laws, regulations, and decrees by short title or abbreviated title, and subdivision(s) referenced:

Vergi Usul Kanunu Madde 20 fikra 3 [Tax Procedure Code, Article 20 paragraph 3].
VUK. m. 20 f. 3.

More formally, cite a code as a whole by title, law number, followed by the official gazette in which it is published by title, date and number, and date of enactment:

Türk Medeni Kanunu, Kanun No.: 743 R.G.: 04/04/1926 Sayı: 339, Kabul Tarihi: 17.02.1926.

Turkish Civil Code, Law No.: 743 Official Gazette [Resmi Gazete = R.G.], 4 April 1926 No. 339, enacted: 17 February 1926.

Other legislative sources of law use the same citation form as codes, including statutory decrees (kanun hükmünde kararnameler), regulations (tüzük), and bylaws (yönetmelik).

Codes

Cite codes by abbreviated name and article:
TTK. m. 741
MK. m. 17.
The abbreviations of major Codes are:
Constitution: Anayasa (Ana.)
Code of Obligations: Borçlar Kanunu (BK.)
Code of Criminal Procedure: Ceza Muhakemeleri Usulü Kanunu (CMUK.)
Code of Civil Procedure: Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HUMK.)
Execution, Enforcement of Judgments, and Bankruptcy Code: Icra ve Iflas Kanunu (IIK.)
Code of Administrative Trial Procedure: İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu (IYUK.)
Civil Code: Medeni Kanun (MK.)
Turkish Penal Code: Türk Ceza Kanunu (TCK.)
Turkish Commercial Code: Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK.)

3.5.4 Jurisprudence

Cite cases by name of the court, chamber number, the words “Esas No.” (Case No.), year and number of the case, the words “Karar No.” (Judgment No.), year and number of the judgment, and the reporter in which the case is published by title, year, number and page referenced (in parentheses). Elements may be abbreviated as shown below the full citations:

Danıştay 7. Daire, Esas No. 1987/501, Karar No. 1987/1471 (Danıştay Dergisi, 1988, sayı 68–69, sayfa 476) [Council of State Journal, 1988, No. 68&ndash69, p. 476].

DS. 7. D., E. 1987/1471 (DD, 1988, S. 68–69, s. 476).

3. Hukuk Dairesi, 15.9.1986, Esas No. 7949, Karar No. 8017 (Yargıtay Kararları Dergisi, 1986 sayı 11, sh. 1616) [Court of Cassation Journal, 1986, No. 11, p. 1616].

3. HD. 15.9.1986, E 7949, K 8017 (YKD, 1986, s. 11 sh. 1616).

Reporters

The official reporters (and abbreviations) are:

Constitutional Court Journal: Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararları Dergisi (AMKD)
Council of State Journal: Danıştay Dergisi (DD)
Court of Cassation Journal: Yargıtay Kararları Dergisi (YKD)

Courts

Superior Courts
Constitutional Court: Anayasa Mahkemesi
Court of Appeals
Council of State: Danıscedil;tay
Military Tribunal of Appeals
Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi
Court of Jurisdictional Dispute
Court of Accounts
Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors

Courts of Justice
Civil Courts of Peace: Sulh Hukuk Hakimliği
Civil Courts of First Instance: Asilye Hukuk Hakimliği
Commercial Courts: Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi
Criminal Courts of Peace: Sulh Ceza Hakimliği
Criminal Courts of First Instance: Asliye Ceza Hakimliği
Aggravated Felony Courts: Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi
State Security Courts: Devlet Güvenlik Mahkemesi
Execution Investigation Authority: Icra Tetkik Hakimliği
443 Land registration and survey courts: Cadastre

Administrative Courts
The Council of State: Danıştay
Administrative Courts and Tax Courts: Idare ve Vergi Hukuku Mahkemeleri
Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi

Military Courts
Military Criminal Courts: Askeri Ceza Mahkemesi
The Military Criminal Court of Cassation: Askeri Yargıtay

[…]

3.5.5 Official Publications

Cite official publications by title, date, item number, and page reference: R.G. 28.10.1987, sa. 19618 s.8.

The Official Gazette (Resmi Gazete, R.G.) contains all legislation, as well as the decisions of the Constitutional Court (Anayasa Mehkemesi), the Council of State (Danıştay), and the Court of Cassation (Yargıtay).

[…]

4 Resources and links

4.1 Citation and referencing style resources

4.1.1 CambridgeA reference style
Further information on the CambridgeA reference style is available here. 

4.1.2 Legal citation guidance for Turkey

The Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, First Edition, 2006 was prepared by the New York University School of Law for their Journal of International Law and Politics. It follows the legal citation style outlined in the Harvard Bluebook. The Turkey section is on pages 200–205.
http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Final_GFILC_pdf.pdf

4.2 Language and spelling resources

Use this dictionary as a guide to standard US spelling, capitalization, and hyphenation.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/

4.2.1 Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu)

The dictionaries contain the standard usages of modern Turkish. Use the unabridged dictionary (büyük sözlük) for details of etymology, etc.
http://www.tdk.gov.tr/

4.2.2 Lexilogos Ottoman page

A list of online resources and references for Ottoman Turkish.
http://www.lexilogos.com/english/ottoman_turkish_dictionary.htm

4.3 Date conversion resources

4.3.1 Date Conversion Guide (Tarih Çevirme Kılavuzu)

Use the widget by Ahmet Murat Aytaç to convert between Hicri and Rumi Ottoman dates and their Gregorian Republican equivalents.
ttk.gov.tr/tarih-cevirme-kilavuzu/