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³ For example, Turner, Mandy, ‘The Power of “Shock and Awe”: The Palestinian Authority and the Road to Reform’, International Peacekeeping, 16:4 (2009), pp. 562–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Turner, Mandy, ‘Creating “Partners for Peace”: the Palestinian Authority and the International Statebuilding Agenda’, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 4:1 (2011), pp. 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Turner, Mandy, ‘Statebuilding in Palestine: Caught Between Occupation, Realpolitik and the Liberal Peace’, in Chandler, David and Sisk, Timothy D. (eds), Routledge Handbook of International Statebuilding (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013)Google Scholar

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¹⁴ Luft, Gal, ‘The Logic of Israel's Targeted Killing’, Middle East Quarterly (Winter 2003), pp. 3–13Google Scholar; Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, ‘Extra-Judicial Executions as Israeli Government Policy: Extra-Judicial Executions Committed by the Israeli Occupation Forces August 2006–June 2008’ (Gaza: PCHR, 2008); B'Tselem, ‘Act of Vengeance: Israeli's bombing of the Gaza power plant and its effects’ (September 2006).

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¹⁶ B'Tselem, ‘Under the Guise of Security: Routing the Separation Barrier to Enable the Expansion of Israeli Settlements in the West Bank’ (B'Tselem, December 2005); International Court of Justice, ‘Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Advisory Opinion’ (9 July 2004), available at: {http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=71&code?=mwp&p1=3&p2=4&p3=6&case=131&k=5a} accessed 15 April 2010; Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), ‘The Humanitarian Impact on Palestinians of Israeli Settlements and other Infrastructure in the West Bank (UNOCHA, July 2007); B'Tselem, ‘One Big Prison: Freedom of Movement to and from the Gaza Strip on the Eve of the Disengagement’ (B'Tselem, Jerusalem, 2005), p. 5.

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²¹ Khalili, Time in the Shadows.

²² Kilcullen, ‘Three Pillars’, p. 3.

²³ United States Government Interagency Counterinsurgency Initiative, ‘US Government Counterinsurgency Guide’ (January 2009), p. 12.

²⁴ Boutros Boutros-Ghalis, ‘An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping’, UN doc., A/47/277 – S/24111 (17 June 1992), available at: {http://www.unrol.org/files/A_47_277.pdf} accessed 1 March 2013; UN Secretary-General High Level Panel on ‘Threats, Challenges and Change’, ‘A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility’ (2 December 2004), available at: {http://www.un.org/secureworld/} accessed I March 2013; Kofi Annan, ‘In Larger Freedom: Towards Security, Development and Human Rights for All’ (21 March 2005), available at: {http://www.un.org/largerfreedom/contents.htm} accessed 1 March 2013.

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²⁸ Pugh, ‘Reflections’, p. 413.

²⁹ Charbonneau, Bruno, ‘The Imperial Legacy of International Peacebuilding: the case of Francophone Africa’, Review of International Studies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)Google Scholar.

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³⁴ Jaroslav Petrik, ‘Development in Counterinsurgency: Marrying Theory to Practice’, Paper presented at the International Studies Association annual convention, New Orleans (17–20 February 2010).

³⁵ Blakeley, Ruth, ‘Still Training to Torture? US Training of Latin American Military Forces’. Third World Quarterly, 27:8 (2006), pp. 1439–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schmitz, David F., The United States and Right-Wing Dictatorships, 1965–1989 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³⁸ Jon Elmer and Anthony Fenton, ‘Canada: Development Aid as Counterinsurgency Tool’, Inter Press Service, (23 March 2007) available at: {http://www.ipsnews.net/2007/03/canada-development-aid-as-counterinsurgency-tool/} accessed 5 March 2013.

³⁹ CBS News, ‘Federal Budget Folds CIDA into Foreign Affairs’ (21 March 2013), available at: {http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2013/03/21/pol-cida-dfait-merger-advancer.html} accessed 4 April 2013.

⁴⁰ For some expressions of how this has manifested see Agnes Hurwitz and Gordon Peake, ‘Strengthening the Security-Development Nexus: Assessing International Policy and Practice since the 1990s’, Conference Report April 2004 (New York: International Peace Academy, 2004); Necla Tschirgi, ‘Peacebuilding as the Link between Security and Development: is the window of opportunity closing?’ (New York: International Peace Academy, December 2003).

⁴¹ There are too many policy documents proposing the human security perspective to list them all here. However, the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security lists many of the UN documents that have outlined and expanded on the term and its potential uses in policy and practice. Available at: {http://www.unocha.org/humansecurity/resources/publications-and-products} accessed 1 March 2013.

⁴² Solomon Major, ‘Sharpening Our Plowshares: Applying the Lessons of Counterinsurgency to Development and Humanitarian Aid’, American Political Science Association 2010 Annual Meeting Paper, available at: {SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1657482} accessed 5 March 2013; Kienscherf, Markus, ‘A Programme of Global Pacification: US Counterinsurgency Doctrine and the Biopolitics of Human (In)Security’, Security Dialogue, 42:6 (2011), pp. 517–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁵² Duffield, Mark, Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples (Cambridge: Policy, 2007)Google Scholar.

⁵³ I am thankful to Roger Mac Ginty for this point.

⁵⁴ Khalili, ‘The Location of Palestine’.

⁵⁵ Although, of course, there had been fundamental changes in the character of the citizenship-granting state from British Mandate Palestine to the State of Israel in 1948.

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⁵⁹ International Crisis Group, ‘Back to Basics: Israel's Arab Minority and the Israel-Palestine Conflict’, Middle East Report No. 119 (Jerusalem: ICG, 14 March 2012), p. 37, fn. 306. Although, of course, the Druze, have been subject to compulsory military service since 1956, in contrast to Christian and Muslim Arabs.

⁶⁰ Peri, Generals in the Cabinet Room.

⁶¹ ‘The Israel Defense Forces: Taking wing’, The Economist (10 August 2013), available at: {http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21583317-israels-armed-forces-are-shifting-emphasis-mechanised-warfare-toward-air-and?frsc=dg|b} accessed 1 December 2013.

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⁷⁵ Clemens Messershmidt, ‘Hydro-apartheid and Water Access in Israel-Palestine: Challenging the Myths of Cooperation and Scarcity’, Mandy Turner and Omar Shweiki (eds), De-Colonizing Palestinian Political Economy.

⁷⁶ Barakat Ravid, ‘Israel to tell EU: We won't sign agreements based on settlement guidelines’ (8 August 2013), available at: {http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.540522} accessed 1 November 2013.

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⁷⁸ Roy, Failing Peace, p. 33.

⁷⁹ Qumsiyeh, Popular Resistance, p. 157.

⁸⁰ Quoted in Khalidi and Taghdisi-Rad, ‘The economic dimensions of prolonged occupation’, p. 7.

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⁸⁷ Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, ‘Extra-Judicial Executions as Israeli Government Policy: Extra-Judicial Executions Committed by the Israeli Occupation Forces August 2006–June 2008’ (Gaza: PCHR, 2008), p. 7; available at: {http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/Reports/English/pdf_killing/killing%20report9.pdf} accessed 2 May 2010.

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⁹⁰ Toni O'Loughlin, ‘Gaza near to collapse as Israel tightens grip, says Bank’, The Guardian (22 December 2008), available at: {http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/22/israel-palestinians-middle-east} accessed 21 April 2010.

⁹¹ Reuters, ‘Wikileaks: Israel aimed to keep Gaza economy on brink of collapse’ (5 January 2011), Haaretz, available at: {http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/wikileaks-israel-aimed-to-keep-gaza-economy-on-brink-of-collapse-1.335354} accessed 5 April 2013.

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¹⁴⁶ International Crisis Group, ‘Palestinians, Israel and the Quartet: Pulling Back from the Brink’, Middle East Report No. 54 (ICG: 13 June 2006).

¹⁴⁷ Turner, Mandy, ‘Building Democracy in Palestine: Liberal Peace Theory and the Election of Hamas’, Democratization, 13:5 (2006), pp. 739–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁴⁸ Tuastad, ‘The Role of International Clientelism’, pp. 798–9; David Rose, ‘The Gaza Bombshell’, Vanity Fair (April 2008), available at: {http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/04/gaza200804} accessed 1 April 2013.

¹⁴⁹ International Crisis Group, ‘Ruling Palestine I: Gaza under Hamas’, Middle East Report No. 73 (19 March 2008); Pelham, ‘The role of the tunnel economy’.

¹⁵⁰ Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Green shoots in Palestine’, The New York Times (5 August 2009), available at: {http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/05/opinion/05friedman.html} accessed 1 May 2013; Nathan J. Brown, ‘Requiem for Fayyadism’, Foreign Policy (17 April 2013).

¹⁵¹ Samour and Khalidi, ‘Neoliberalism and the Contradictions’.

¹⁵² Palestinian National Authority, ‘The Palestinian Reform and Development Plan, 2008–2010’.

¹⁵³ This was also true for Cambodia where the Western donors largely abandoned their liberal democratic agenda of in favour of a ‘good governance’ agenda that focused on promoting investor-friendly economic governance than on democratisation. See Hughes, Caroline, The Political Economy of Cambodia's Transition 1991–2001 (London: Routledge, 2003)Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁴ Interviews conducted with a variety of organisations working with the agricultural sector and business sector, and local aid coordination committee official, Ramallah (July 2008), September 2009.

¹⁵⁵ OECD Database.

¹⁵⁶ Nathan J. Brown, ‘Sunset for the two-state solution’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Washington DC, May 2008).

¹⁵⁷ International Crisis Group, ‘Ruling Palestine II: The West Bank Model’ (ICG: July 2008), pp. 4–8.

¹⁵⁸ Lieutenant General Keith Dayton, ‘Peace through Security: Keynote Address’, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (7 May 2009), available at: {http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/DaytonKeynote.pdf}.

¹⁵⁹ N. Thrall, ‘Our Man in Palestine’, New York Review of Books (14 October 2010), available at: {http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/oct/14/our-man-palestine/?pagination=false} accessed 1 September 2013.

¹⁶⁰ Quoted in John Reed, ‘The Palestinian economy's hard road out of isolation’, Financial Times (6 November 2013), available at: {http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7d436d30-3fdc-11e3-a890-00144feabdc0.html#slide0} accessed 8 November 2013.

¹⁶¹ Since 2002, USAID has included an Anti-Terror Clause (ATC) in its contract arrangements with implementing partners in the oPt to ensure that no funding goes to individuals or groups on the US terrorist list.

¹⁶² Michele Gyeney, ‘Play satirises how aid donors sideline Palestinians’, Electronic Intifada (1 July 2012), available at: {http://electronicintifada.net/content/play-satirizes-how-aid-donors-sideline-palestinians/11450} accessed 1 September 2013.