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Differential susceptibility to effects of maternal sensitivity? A study of candidate plasticity genes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2014

Jay Belsky ,
Daniel A. Newman ,
Keith F. Widaman ,
Phil Rodkin ,
Michael Pluess ,
R. Chris Fraley ,
Daniel Berry ,
Jonathan L. Helm  and
Glenn I. Roisman
Jay Belsky*
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Daniel A. Newman
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Keith F. Widaman
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Phil Rodkin
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Michael Pluess
Affiliation:
Kings College London
R. Chris Fraley
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Daniel Berry
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Jonathan L. Helm
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Glenn I. Roisman
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jay Belsky, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, 1331 Hart Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; E-mail: jbelsky@ucdavis.edu.
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Abstract

Here we tested whether there was genetic moderation of effects of early maternal sensitivity on social–emotional and cognitive–linguistic development from early childhood onward and whether any detected Gene × Environment interaction effects proved consistent with differential-susceptibility or diathesis–stress models of Person × Environment interaction (N = 695). Two new approaches for evaluating models were employed with 12 candidate genes. Whereas maternal sensitivity proved to be a consistent predictor of child functioning across the primary-school years, candidate genes did not show many main effects, nor did they tend to interact with maternal sensitivity/insensitivity. These findings suggest that the developmental benefits of early sensitive mothering and the costs of insensitive mothering look more similar than different across genetically different children in the current sample. Although acknowledgement of this result is important, it is equally important that the generally null Gene × Environment results reported here not be overgeneralized to other samples, other predictors, other outcomes, and other candidate genes.

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Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , August 2015 , pp. 725 - 746
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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