This chapter delves into Casulana’s family and marital history. It presents evidence that strongly supports the claim that Casulana was originally from Vicenza, and was born in the mid-1530s. She constructed her authorial name from the patronymic of her first Sienese husband, from whom she was separated in 1568, he living in Rome, she in the Veneto region. The name “Mezari” that appears in the sources at the end of her career was that of her second husband from Brescia, whom she likely married in Vicenza in 1579. Casulana probably married for the first time in the early 1550s and was in Siena with two small children during the violent siege that led to the fall of the Sienese Republic. Finally, this chapter places Casulana’s stay in Siena in the context of the currents of philogyny, female literary creativity, and exaltation of women’s heroism that characterized mid-sixteenth-century Sienese society.