Figures
1.1Three types of spoken language understanding (Munro & Derwing, Reference Munro and Derwing1995)
1.2Three types of understanding thought to constitute international intelligibility (Smith & Nelson, 1985)
1.3Speaker–listener intelligibility matrix (Levis, Reference Levis2005a)
2.3Discourse-based pronunciation features important to intelligibility
2.4Spoken language features sometimes associated with pronunciation
4.1The three morphophonological variants of the suffixes spelled –ed and –s/–’s
6.3Connected speech processes as categorized by Alameen and Levis (Reference Alameen, Levis, Reed and Levis2015)
7.1Three aspects of intonation that are important for intelligibility
7.2Pitch movement for two phrases: “The union’s indivisible/not divisible.”
8.1Word stress practice, adapted from Dauer (Reference Dauer1993, p. 79)
