Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T18:57:14.934Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Crime of Aggression under Current International Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2017

Claus Kreß
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln
Stefan Barriga
Affiliation:
United Nations, New York
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Crime of Aggression
A Commentary
, pp. 373 - 860
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Ashworth, A., Principles of Criminal Law, 4th edn (Oxford University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Bassiouni, M. C., The Legislative History of the International Criminal Court, vol. I (3 vols., Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2005).Google Scholar
Cassese, A., International Criminal Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Didion, J., ‘Salvador’, in We Tell Ourselves Stories in Order to Live: Collected Nonfiction (New York: A. A. Knopf, 2006).Google Scholar
Gallant, K. S., The Principle of Legality in International and Comparative Criminal Law (Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Gardiner, R., Treaty Interpretation (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Grover, L., Interpreting Crimes in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Jennings, R. and Watts, R., Oppenheim’s International Law, 9th edn (Harlow: Longman, 1992).Google Scholar
Kittichaisaree, K., International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
MacCormick, D. N. and Summers, R. S. (eds.), Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1991).Google Scholar
Nolte, G. (ed.), Treaties and Subsequent Practice (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Rescher, N., Presumption and the Practices of Tentative Cognition (Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Schachter, O., International Law in Theory and Practice (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 1991).Google Scholar
Thirlway, H. W. A., International Customary Law and Codification (Leiden: Sijthoff, 1972).Google Scholar
Villiger, M. E., Customary International Law and Treaties (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 1985).Google Scholar
Villiger, M. E., Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009).Google Scholar
Werle, G., Principles of International Criminal Law (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2005).Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Ambos, K., ‘Some Preliminary Reflections on the Mens Rea Requirements of the Crimes in the ICC Statute and the Elements of Crimes’, in Vohrah, L. C. et al. (eds.), Man’s Inhumanity to Man: Essays on International Law in Honour of Antonio Cassese (Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law, 2003), 1140.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Bitti, G., ‘Article 21 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Treatment of Sources of Law in the Jurisprudence of the ICC’, in Stahn, C. and Sluiter, G. (eds.), The Emerging Practice of the International Criminal Court (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009), 285304.Google Scholar
Boot, M., Dixon, R. and Hall, C. K. (revised by Hall, C. K.), ‘Article 7’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 159273.Google Scholar
Broomhall, B., ‘Article 22’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 713–29.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Article 9’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 505–29.Google Scholar
Dörr, O., ‘General Rule of Interpretation’, in Dörr, O. and Schmalenbach, K. (eds.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary (Berlin: Springer, 2012), 521–70.Google Scholar
Kirsch, P., ‘The Work of the Preparatory Commission’, in Lee, R. S. et al. (eds.), The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2001), xlvlv.Google Scholar
Kirsch, P., ‘Customary International Humanitarian Law, its Enforcement, and the Role of the International Criminal Court’, in Maybee, L. and Chakka, B. (eds.), Custom as a Source of International Humanitarian Law (New Delhi: International Committee of the Red Cross, 2006), 7986.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Nullum Crimen, Nulla Poena Sine Lege’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2008–), online edition, available at: www.mpepilcom.Google Scholar
Kreβ, C., Barriga, S., Grover, L. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘Negotiating the Understandings on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2011), 8197.Google Scholar
Pellet, A., ‘Applicable Law’, in Cassese, A. et al. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol. II (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2002), 1051–84.Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., ‘Criminal Responsibility for Violations of Human Rights’, in Symonides, J. (ed.), Human Rights: International Protection, Monitoring, Enforcement (Paris: UNESCO, 2003), 281302.Google Scholar
Schachter, O., ‘Entangled Treaty and Custom’, in Dinstein, Y. (ed.), International Law at a Time of Perplexity: Essays in Honour of Shabtai Rosenne (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 1989), 717–38.Google Scholar
Triffterer, O., ‘Article 10’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 531–37.Google Scholar
Triffterer, O., ‘Can the “Elements of Crimes” Narrow or Broaden Responsibility for Criminal Behaviour defined in the Rome Statute?’, in Stahn, C. and Sluiter, G. (eds.), The Emerging Practice of the International Criminal Court (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009), 381400.Google Scholar
von Hebel, H., ‘The Decision to Include Elements of Crimes in the Rome Statute’, in Lee, R. S. et al. (eds.), The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2001), 38.Google Scholar
von Hebel, H. and Robinson, D., ‘Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the Court’, in Lee, R. S. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute (The Hague: Kluwer Law, 1999), 79126.Google Scholar
von Hebel, H. and Robinson, D., ‘Reflections on the Elements of Crimes’, in Lee, R. S. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999), 219–31.Google Scholar
Ashworth, A., ‘Interpreting Criminal Statutes: A Crisis of Legality?’, Law Quarterly Review, 107 (1991), 419–49.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Grover, L., ‘A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 105 (2011), 517–33.Google Scholar
Baxter, R., ‘Multilateral Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law’, British Yearbook of International Law, 41 (1965–66), 275300.Google Scholar
Benatar, M., ‘From Probative Value to Authentic Interpretation: The Legal Effects of Interpretative Declarations’, Revue Belge de Droit International, 44 (2011), 170–96.Google Scholar
Cassese, A., ‘The Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some Preliminary Reflections’, European Journal of International Law, 10 (1999), 144–71.Google Scholar
Chodosh, H., ‘An Interpretive Theory of International Law: The Distinction Between Treaty and Customary Law’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28 (1995), 9731068.Google Scholar
Dinstein, Y., ‘Interaction between Customary International Law and Treaties’, Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International, 322 (2006), 243427.Google Scholar
Dörmann, K., ‘Contributions by the Ad Hoc Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda to the Ongoing Work on Elements of Crimes in the Context of the ICC’, ASIL Proceedings, 94 (2000), 284–86.Google Scholar
Gaeta, P., ‘May Necessity be Available as a Defence for Torture in the Interrogation of Suspected Terrorists?’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2 (2004), 785–94.Google Scholar
Glaser, S., ‘Nullum Crimen Sine Lege’, Journal of Comparative Legislation & International Law, 24 (1942), 2937.Google Scholar
Glennon, M. J., ‘The Blank-Prose Crime of Aggression’, Yale Journal of International Law, 35 (2010), 71114.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, A. E., ‘The Void-for-Vagueness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, Revisited’, American Journal of Criminal Law, 30 (2003), 279313.Google Scholar
Grover, L., ‘A Call to Arms: Fundamental Dilemmas Confronting the Interpretation of Crimes in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’, European Journal of International Law, 21 (2010), 543–83.Google Scholar
Hall, J., ‘Nulla Poena Sine Lege’, Yale Law Journal, 47 (1937), 165–93.Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., ‘Retreat from Nuremberg: The Leadership Requirement in the Crime of Aggression’, European Journal of International Law, 18 (2007), 477–97.Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., ‘The Uncertain Legal Status of the Aggression Understandings’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 229–48.Google Scholar
Hogg, P. W. and Zwibel, C. F., ‘The Rule of Law in the Supreme Court of Canada’, University of Toronto Law Journal, 55 (2005), 715–32.Google Scholar
Jeffries, J. C. Jr., ‘Legality, Vagueness, and the Construction of Penal Statutes’, Virginia Law Review, 71 (1985), 189245.Google Scholar
Jeßberger, F., ‘Bad Torture – Good Torture? What International Criminal Lawyers may Learn from the Recent Trial of Police Officers in Germany’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3 (2005), 1059–73.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The Crime of Aggression before the First Review of the ICC Statute’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 20 (2007), 851–65.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Time for Decision: Some Thoughts on the Immediate Future of the Crime of Aggression: A Reply to Andreas Paulus’, European Journal of International Law, 20 (2009), 1129–46.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Remarks’, ASIL Proceedings, 105 (2011), 160–62.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 11791217.Google Scholar
Lauterpacht, H., ‘Restrictive Interpretation and the Principle of Effectiveness in the Interpretation of Treaties’, British Yearbook of International Law, 26 (1949), 4885.Google Scholar
Lietzau, W. K., ‘Checks and Balances and Elements of Proof: Structural Pillars for the International Criminal Court’, Cornell International Law Journal, 32 (1999), 477–88.Google Scholar
McCarl, R., ‘Incoherent and Indefensible: An Interdisciplinary Critique of the Supreme Court’s “Void-for-Vagueness” Doctrine’, Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 42 (2014), 7394.Google Scholar
McRae, D. M., ‘The Legal Effect of Interpretative Declarations’, British Yearbook of International Law, 49 (1978), 155–73.Google Scholar
Milanovic, M., ‘Aggression and Legality: Custom in Kampala’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 165–87.Google Scholar
Milanovic, M., ‘Is the Rome Statute Binding on Individuals? (and Why We Should Care)’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9 (2011), 2552.Google Scholar
Murphy, S. D., ‘Aggression, Legitimacy and the International Criminal Court’, European Journal of International Law, 20 (2010), 1147–56.Google Scholar
Öberg, M. D., ‘The Legal Effects of Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ’, European Journal of International Law, 16 (2006), 879906.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, D. F., ‘Criminalizing Hate Speech in the Crucible of Trial: Prosecutor v. Nahimana’, New England Journal of International & Comparative Law, 12 (2005), 1750.Google Scholar
Paulus, A., ‘Second Thoughts on the Crime of Aggression’, European Journal of International Law, 20 (2010), 1117–28.Google Scholar
Sadat, L. N., ‘Custom, Codification and Some Thoughts about the Relationship Between the Two: Article 10 of the ICC Statute’, DePaul Law Review, 49 (2000), 909–23.Google Scholar
Weigend, T., ‘“In General a Principle of Justice”: The Debate on the “Crime against Peace” in the Wake of the Nuremberg Judgment’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 4158.Google Scholar
Weil, P., ‘Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?’, American Journal of International Law, 77 (1983), 413–42.Google Scholar
Cantoni v. France, App. No. 17862/91, ECHR, 1996-V, No. 20.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), ICJ Reports (2005), 168.Google Scholar
Doe v. Bolton, 410 US 179 (1973).Google Scholar
Grayned v. City of Rockford, 408 US 104 (1972).Google Scholar
Hill v. Colorado, 530 US 703 (2000).Google Scholar
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 US 489 (1982).Google Scholar
House of Lords, R v. Jones et al. [2006] UKHL 16.Google Scholar
Interlocutory Decision on the Applicable Law: Terrorism, Conspiracy, Homicide Perpetration, Cumulative Charging, STL-11-01/I, 16 February 2011.Google Scholar
International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment, 1 October 1946, American Journal of International Law, 41 (1947), 172.Google Scholar
Kenya Situation, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09, 31 March 2010.Google Scholar
Kolender v. Lawson, 461 US 352 (1983).Google Scholar
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), ICJ Reports (1986), 14.Google Scholar
Nahimana and Others v. Prosecutor, Judgment, ICTR-99-52-A, 28 November 2007.Google Scholar
North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark; Germany v. The Netherlands), ICJ Reports (1969), 3.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Al-Bashir, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmand Al-Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/094, 4 March 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba, Decision Pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute on the Charges of the Prosecutor Against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, ICC-01/05-01/08, 15 June 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Erdemović, Separate and Dissenting Opinion of Judge Cassese, ICTY-96-22-A, 7 October 1997.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Final System of Disclosure and the Establishment of a Timetable, ICC-01/04-01/06, 15 May 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Prosecutor’s Application for Extraordinary Review of the Pre-Trial Chamber I’s 31 March 2006 Decision Denying Leave to Appeal, ICC-01/04-168, 13 July 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Practices of Witness Familiarisation and Witness Proofing, ICC-01/04-01/06, 8 November 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, ICTY-94-1-AR72, 2 October 1995.Google Scholar
Screws v. United States, 325 US 91 (1945).Google Scholar
Smith v. United States, 431 US 291 (1977).Google Scholar
Winters v. New York, 333 US 507 (1948).Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, Elements of Crimes, adopted 9 September 2002, ICC-ASP/1/3 (part II-B).Google Scholar
Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘Report of the CICC Team on the Crime of Aggression’ (2005).Google Scholar
‘Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court’, 17 July 1998, UN Doc. A/CONF/183/13.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Fourth Report on the Law of Treaties’, Yb ILC (1965), vol. II, 49.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Guidelines on Reservations to a Provision Reflective a Customary Norm’, Yb ILC (2007), vol. II(2).Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties with Commentaries’, Yb ILC (2011), vol. II(2), 1.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Report on the Work of its Sixty-Third Session (26 April to 3 June and 4 July to 12 August 2011)’, GAOR Supp. No. 10 (A/66/10 and Add.1) 553.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Reports of the International Law Commission on the Second Part of its Seventeenth Session and on its Eighteenth Session’, Yb ILC (1966), vol. II, 169.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 19 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976), 999 UNTS 171.Google Scholar
Koh, H. H., Statement at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court, ICC Review Conference, 4 June 2010, available at: www.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/142665.htm.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, M., ‘Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law: Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission’, 4 April 2006, UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.682.Google Scholar
Preparatory Commission, Working Group on the Crime of Aggression (Secretariat), ‘Historical Review of Developments relating to Aggression’, Parts I and II, 18 and 24 January 2002, UN Doc. PCNICC/2002/WGCA/L.1/Add.1.Google Scholar
Preparatory Committee, ‘Draft Statute for the International Criminal Court’, ‘Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court’ (1998) UN Doc. A/CONF.183/2/Add.1.Google Scholar
United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property (adopted 2 December 2004, not in force), UN Doc. A/RES/59/38, Annex.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.Google Scholar
Waldock, H., ‘Sixth Report on the Law of Treaties’, Yb ILC (1966), vol. II, 51.Google Scholar
Waldron, J., ‘The Concept and the Rule of Law’, Paper read at the NYU Colloquium in Legal, Political and Social Theory, 14 September 2006 (on file with author).Google Scholar
Ader, W., Gewaltsame Rettungsmaßnahmen zum Schutz eigener Staatsangehöriger im Ausland (Munich: Verlag V. Florentz, 1988).Google Scholar
Ambos, K., Treatise on International Criminal Law: The Crimes and Sentencing, vol. II (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Aust, H. P., Complicity and the Law of State Responsibility (Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Avirgan, T. and Honey, M., War in Uganda. The Legacy of Idi Amin (London: Zed Press, 1982).Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Kreß, C., The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Bennouna, M., Le consentement à l’ingérence militaire dans les conflits internes (Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1974).Google Scholar
Biggar, N., In Defence of War (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Boister, N. and Cryer, R., Documents on the Tokyo International Military Trial. Charter, Indictment and Judgments (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Bowett, B., Self-Defence in International Law (Manchester University Press, 1958).Google Scholar
Brownlie, I., International Law and the Use of Force by States (Oxford University Press, 1963).Google Scholar
Bruha, T., Die Definition der Aggression. Faktizität und Normativität des UN-Konsensbildungsprozesses der Jahre 1968 bis 1974 zugleich ein Beitrag zur Strukturanalyse des Völkerrechts (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1980).Google Scholar
Cassese, A., International Criminal Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., Baig, L., Fan, M., Gosnell, C. and Whiting, A., Cassese’s International Criminal Law, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Chayes, A., The Cuban Missile Crisis (Oxford University Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Clark Arend, A. and Beck, R. J., International Law and the Use of Force (London: Routledge, 1993).Google Scholar
Corten, O., The Law Against War. The Prohibition on the Use of Force in Contemporary International Law (Oxford: Hart, 2012).Google Scholar
Crawford, J., The International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility. Introduction, Text and Commentaries (Cambridge University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Crawford, J., The Creation of States in International Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Cryer, R., Friman, H., Robinson, D. and Wilmshurst, E., An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, 3rd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
De Ruiter, D. and van der Wolf, W. (eds.), Aggression and International Criminal Law (The Hague: International Courts Association, 2011).Google Scholar
de Wet, E., The Chapter VII Powers of the United Nations Security Council (Oxford: Hart, 2004).Google Scholar
Dinstein, Y., War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 5th edn (Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Doswald-Beck, L. (ed.), San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea (Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Fabre, C. and Lazar, S. (eds.), The Morality of Defensive War (Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Falk, R. A. (ed.), The Vietnam War and International Law, vol. I (4 vols., Princeton University Press, 1968).Google Scholar
Ferencz, B. B., Defining International Aggression. A Documentary History and Analysis (2 vols., Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1975).Google Scholar
Fletcher, G. P. and Ohlin, J. D., Defending Humanity: When Force is Justified and Why (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Franck, T. M., Recourse to Force. State Action against Threats and Armed Attacks (Cambridge University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Gardam, J., Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force by States (Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Gazzini, T., The Changing Rules on the Use of Force in International Law (Manchester: Juris Publishing/Manchester University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Genoni, M. A. M., Die Notwehr im Völkerrecht (Zurich: Schulthess, 1987).Google Scholar
Gray, C., International Law and the Use of Force, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Green, J., The International Court of Justice and Self-Defence in International Law (Oxford: Hart, 2009).Google Scholar
Greenwood, C., Essays on War in International Law (London: Cameron & May, 2006).Google Scholar
Gutierrez Espada, C., El Estado de Necesidad y el Uso de la Fuerza en Derecho Internacional (Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 1987).Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Henderson, C., The Persistent Advocate and the Use of Force. The Impact of the United States upon the Jus ad Bellum in the Post-Cold War Era (Surrey: Ashgate, 2010).Google Scholar
Higgins, R., Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Hummrich, M., Der völkerrechtliche Straftatbestand der Aggression (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001).Google Scholar
Jennings, R. and Watts, A., Oppenheim’s International Law, 9th edn, vol. I (2 vols., London: Longman, 1992).Google Scholar
Kammerhofer, J., Uncertainty in International Law. A Kelsenian Perspective (London: Routledge, 2011).Google Scholar
Kamto, K., L’Aggression en droit international (Paris: Editions A. Pedone, 2010).Google Scholar
Kelsen, H., Recent Trends in the Law of the United Nations (London: Stevens, 1951).Google Scholar
Klintworth, G., Vietnam’s Intervention in Cambodia (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1989).Google Scholar
Kolb, R., Ius contra Bellum. Le droit international relatif au maintien de la paix, 2nd edn (Basel and Brussels: Helbing Lichtenhahn and Bruylant, 2009).Google Scholar
Kreß, C., Gewaltverbot und Selbstverteidigungsrecht nach der Satzung der Vereinten Nationen bei staatlicher Verwicklung in Gewaltakte Privater (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1995).Google Scholar
Krisch, N., Selbstverteidigung und kollektive Sicherheit (Berlin: Springer, 2001).Google Scholar
Kühn, M., Unilaterale Präventive Selbstverteidigung – Eine Untersuchung zur ‘präventiven Selbstverteidigung’ im Völkerrecht (Frankfurt am Main: Res Publica, 2009).Google Scholar
Lamberti Zanardi, P. L., La Legittima Difesa nel Diritto Internazionale (Milan: A. Giufrè, 1972).Google Scholar
Lauterpacht, H. (ed.), International Law. A Treatise by L. Oppenheim, 7th edn, vol. II (2 vols., New York: David McKay, 1952).Google Scholar
Lauterpacht, H. (ed.), Oppenheim’s International Law. A Treatise, 8th edn, vol. I (2 vols., London: Longmans, 1955).Google Scholar
Lieblich, E., International Law and Civil War. Intervention and Consent (London: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar
Lubell, N., Extraterritorial Use of Force against Non-State Actors (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Melzer, N. (ed.), Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities Under International Humanitarian Law (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 2009).Google Scholar
Murphy, S. D., Kidane, W. and Snider, T. R., Litigating War. Arbitration of Civil Injury by the Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Nolte, G., Eingreifen auf Einladung (Berlin: Springer, 1999).Google Scholar
Nyiri, N., The United Nation’s Search for a Definition of Aggression (New York: Peter Lang, 1989).Google Scholar
Panzera, A. F., Attivita’ Terroristiche e Diritto Internazionale (Naples: Editore Jovene, 1978).Google Scholar
Pillitu, P. A., Lo Stato di Necessità nel Diritto Internazionale (Perugia: Università di Perugia. Pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, 1981).Google Scholar
Politi, M. and Nesi, G. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and the Crime of Aggression (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004).Google Scholar
Pompe, C., Aggressive War an International Crime (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1953).Google Scholar
Reymond, J., L’Attribution de comportements d’organes de facto et d’agents de l’etat en droit international. Etude sur la responsabilité internationale des etats (Geneva: Editions Schulthess, 2013).Google Scholar
Rifaat, A. M., International Aggression. A Study of the Legal Concept: Its Development and Definition in International Law (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1979).Google Scholar
Ruys, T., ‘Armed Attack’ and Article 51 of the UN Charter. Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice (Cambridge University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Sayapin, S., The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law. Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State (The Hague: Asser Press/Springer, 2014).Google Scholar
Schiffbauer, B., Vorbeugende Selbstverteidigung im Völkerrecht. Eine systematische Ermittlung des gegenwärtigen friedenssicherungsrechtlichen Besitzstandes aus völkerrechtsdogmatischer und praxisanalytischer Sicht (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2012).Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., (ed.), Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. Prepared by the International Group of Experts at the Invitation of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Sellars, K., Crimes Against Peace and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Solera, O., Defining the Crime of Aggression (London: Cameron May, 2007).Google Scholar
Stone, J., Aggression and World Order. A Critique of United Nations Theories of Aggression (London: Stevens, 1958).Google Scholar
Tesón, F. R., Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality, 2nd edn (Irvington-on-Hudson: Transnational, 1997).Google Scholar
Wandscher, C., Internationaler Terrorismus und Selbstverteidigungsrecht (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006).Google Scholar
Weller, M., Iraq and the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Werle, G. and Jeßberger, F., Principles of International Criminal Law, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Wheeler, N. J., Saving Strangers. Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Wilson, H. A., International Law and the Use of Force by National Liberation Movements (Oxford University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Wilson, P., Aggression, Crime and International Security. Moral, Political and Legal Dimensions of International Relations (New York: Routledge, 2009).Google Scholar
Anggadi, F., French, G. and Potter, J., ‘Negotiating the Elements of the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 5897.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Besson, S., ‘Sovereignty’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. IX (10 vols. and index, Oxford University Press, 2012), 366–91.Google Scholar
Blokker, N., ‘Outsourcing the Use of Force: Towards More Security Council Control of Authorized Operations?’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 202–26.Google Scholar
Bowett, D. W., ‘The Use of Force to Protect Nationals Abroad’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), The Current Regulation of the Use of Force (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986), 3955.Google Scholar
Brownlie, I., ‘Humanitarian Intervention’, in Moore, J. N. (ed.), Law and Civil War in the Modern World (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974), 217–28.Google Scholar
Brownlie, I., ‘The Principle of Non-Use of Force in Contemporary International Law’, in Butler, W. E. (ed.), The Non-Use of Force in International Law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1989), 1727.Google Scholar
Byers, M. and Chesterman, S., ‘Changing the Rules about Rules? Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention and the Future of International Law’, in Holzgrefe, J. L. and Keohane, R. O. (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention. Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 177203.Google Scholar
Corten, O., ‘Necessity’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 861–78.Google Scholar
Darcy, S., ‘Retaliation and Reprisal’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 879–96.Google Scholar
Deeks, A. S., ‘Taming the Doctrine of Pre-Emption’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 661–78.Google Scholar
Dekker, I. F. and Werner, W. G., ‘The Crime of Aggression and the Eritrea–Ethiopia Armed Conflict’, in de Guttry, A., Post, H. H. G. and Venturini, G. (eds.), The 1998–2000 War between Eritrea and Ethiopia. An International Legal Perspective (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2009), 243–57.Google Scholar
Dominicé, C., ‘Attribution of Conduct to Multiple States and the Implication of a State in the Act of Another State’, in Crawford, J., Pellet, A. and Olleson, S. (eds.), The Law of International Responsibility (Oxford University Press, 2010), 281–89.Google Scholar
Emerton, P. and Handfield, T., ‘Understanding the Political Defensive Privilege’, in Fabre, C. and Lazar, S. (eds.), The Morality of Defensive War (Oxford University Press, 2014), 4068.Google Scholar
Falk, R. A., ‘The Cambodian Operation and International Law’, in Falk, R. A. (ed.), The Vietnam War and International Law, vol. III (4 vols., Princeton University Press, 1972), 3357.Google Scholar
Fife, R. E., ‘Criminalizing Individuals for Acts of Aggression Committed by States’, in Bergsmo, M. (ed.), Human Rights and Criminal Justice for the Downtrodden. Essays in Honour of Asbjørn Eide (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2003), 5373.Google Scholar
Forteau, M., ‘Rescuing Nationals Abroad’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 947–61.Google Scholar
Fox, G. H., ‘Intervention by Invitation’, in Weller, M. (ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 816–40.Google Scholar
Gaja, G., ‘The Long Journey towards Repressing Aggression’, in Cassese, A., Gaeta, P. and Jones, J. R. W. D. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2002), 427–41.Google Scholar
Gill, T. D., ‘Military Intervention at the Invitation of a Government’, in Gill, T. D. and Fleck, D. (eds.), Handbook of the International Law of Military Operations (Oxford University Press, 2010), 229–32.Google Scholar
Gill, T. D., ‘When Does Self-Defence End?’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 736–51.Google Scholar
Gray, C., ‘The Protection of Nationals Abroad: Russia’s Use of Force in Georgia’, in Constantinides, A. and Zaikos, N. (eds.), The Diversity of International Law. Essays in Honour of Professor Kalliopi K. Koufa (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009), 133–51.Google Scholar
Gray, C., ‘The Charter Limitations on the Use of Force: Theory and Practice’, in Lowe, V., Roberts, A., Welsh, J. and Zaum, D. (eds.), The United Nations Security Council and War. The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (Oxford University Press, 2010), 8698.Google Scholar
Green, J. A., ‘Passportisation, Peacekeepers and Proportionality: The Russian Claim of the Protection of Nationals Abroad in Self-Defence’, in Green, J. A. and Waters, C. P. M. (eds.), Conflict in the Caucasus: Implications for the International Legal Order (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 5479.Google Scholar
Greenwood, C., ‘Self-Defence’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. IX (10 vols. and index, Oxford University Press, 2012), 103–13.Google Scholar
Heintschel von Heinegg, W., ‘Blockades and Interdictions’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 925–46.Google Scholar
Henckaerts, J-M., ‘Armed Forces’, in Wolfrum, R., The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. I (10 vols. and index, Oxford University Press, 2012), 637–40.Google Scholar
Hofmann, R., ‘Annexation’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. I (10 vols. and one annex, Oxford University Press, 2012), 409–18.Google Scholar
Jennings, R., ‘International Force and the International Court of Justice’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), The Current Regulation of the Use of Force (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986), 323–35.Google Scholar
Johnstone, I., ‘When the Security Council is Divided: Imprecise Authorizations, Implied Mandates, and the “Unreasonable Veto”’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 227–50.Google Scholar
Keller, H., ‘Friendly Relations Declaration (1970)’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. IV (10 vols. and an annex, Oxford University Press, 2012), 250–60.Google Scholar
Klein, P., ‘The Attribution of Acts to International Organizations’, in Crawford, J., Pellet, A. and Olleson, S. (eds.), The Law of International Responsibility (Oxford University Press, 2010), 298315.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘International Criminal Law’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. V (10 vols. and index, Oxford University Press, 2012), 717–32.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The International Court of Justice and the Law of Armed Conflicts’, in Tams, C. J. and Sloan, J. (eds.), The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice (Oxford University Press, 2013), 263–98.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The Nuremberg Judgment of Crimes against Peace and the Crime of Aggression’, in Universität zu Köln and Japanisches Kulturinstitut (eds.), Beiträge aus dem Symposium Japan and Germany – 150 Years of Cooperation. Dynamics of Traditional Research Societies in a Rapidly Changing World (Munich: Iudicium, 2013), 6980.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Germany and the Crime of Aggression’, in Linton, S., Simpson, G. and Schabas, W. A. (eds.), For the Sake of Present and Future Generations. Essays on International Law, Crime and Justice in Honour of Roger S. Clark (Leiden: Brill/Nijhoff, 2015), 3151.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The ICC’s First Encounter with the Crime of Genocide. The Case against Al Bashir’, in Stahn, C. (ed.), The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court (Oxford University Press, 2015), 669704.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The International Court of Justice and the “Principle of Non-Use of Force”’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 561604.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., Barriga, S., Grover, L. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘Negotiating the Understandings on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 8197.Google Scholar
Krisch, N., ‘Article 42’, in Simma, B., Khan, D-E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations. A Commentary, 3rd edn, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2012), 1330–50.Google Scholar
Kritsiotis, D., ‘A Study of the Scope and Operation of the Rights of Individual and Collective Self-Defence under International Law’, in White, N. D. and Henderson, C. (eds.), Research Handbook on International Conflict and Security Law. Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, and Jus post Bellum (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013), 170228.Google Scholar
Lamberti Zanardi, P. L., ‘Indirect Military Aggression’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986), 111–19.Google Scholar
Lesaffer, R., ‘Too Much History: From War as Sanction to the Sanctioning of War’ in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 3555.Google Scholar
Lillich, R. B., ‘Humanitarian Intervention: A Reply to Ian Brownlie and a Plea for Constructive Alternatives’, in Moore, J. N. (ed.), Law and Civil War in the Modern World (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974), 229–52.Google Scholar
Lubell, N., ‘The Problem of Imminence in an Uncertain World’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 697719.Google Scholar
Mathias, D. S., ‘The United States and the Security Council’, in Blokker, N. and Schrijver, N. (eds.), The Security Council and the Use of Force. Theory and Reality: A Need for Change? (Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005), 173–88.Google Scholar
McDonald, A. and Bruha, T., ‘Bombardment’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. I (10 vols. and one annex, Oxford University Press, 2012), 979–85.Google Scholar
Moir, L., ‘Action against Host States of Terrorist Groups’, in Weller, M. (ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 720–36.Google Scholar
Moore, J. N., ‘Legal Dimensions of the Decision to Intercede in Cambodia’, in Falk, R. A. (ed.), The Vietnam War and International Law, vol. III (4 vols., Princeton University Press, 1972), 5895.Google Scholar
Nollkämper, A., ‘Attribution of Forcible Acts to States: Connections between the Law on the Use of Force and the Law of State Responsibility’, in Blokker, N. and Schrijver, N. (eds.), The Security Council and the Use of Force. Theory and Reality – A Need for Change? (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005), 133–71.Google Scholar
O’Connell, M. E., ‘The Prohibition of the Use of Force’, in White, N. D. and Henderson, C. (eds.), Research Handbook on International Conflict and Security Law. Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, and Jus post Bellum (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013), 89119.Google Scholar
Randelzhofer, A. and Dörr, O., ‘Article 2(4)’, in Simma, B., Khan, D-E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations. A Commentary, 3rd edn, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2012), 200–34.Google Scholar
Randelzhofer, A. and Nolte, G., ‘Article 51’, in Simma, B., Khan, D-E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations. A Commentary, 3rd edn, vol. II (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2012), 1397–428.Google Scholar
Rodin, D., ‘The Myth of National Self-Defence’, in Fabre, C. and Lazar, S. (eds.), The Morality of Defensive War (Oxford University Press, 2014), 6989.Google Scholar
Rodley, N., ‘Humanitarian Intervention’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 775–96.Google Scholar
Schindler, D., ‘L’emploi de la force par un etat belligérant sur le territoire d’un etat non belligerent’, in Autores, Varios, Estudios de Derecho Internacional. Homenaje al Professor Miaja de la Muela, vol. II (2 vols., Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 1979), 847–64.Google Scholar
Schrijver, N., ‘The Ban on the Use of Force in the UN Charter’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 465–87.Google Scholar
Schwebel, S. M., ‘Wars of Liberation: as Fought in U.N. Organs’, in Moore, J. N. (ed.), Law and Civil War in the Modern World (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974), 446–57.Google Scholar
Simma, B., ‘Genocide and the International Court of Justice’, in Safferling, C. and Conze, E. (eds.), The Genocide Convention Sixty Years after its Adoption (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2010), 259–72.Google Scholar
Stevenson, J. R., ‘United States Military Action in Cambodia: Questions of International Law’, in Falk, R. A. (ed.), The Vietnam War and International Law, vol. III (4 vols., Princeton University Press, 1972), 2332.Google Scholar
Tams, C. J., ‘Prospects for Humanitarian Uses of Force’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), Realizing Utopia. The Future of International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012), 359–74.Google Scholar
Trapp, K. N., ‘Can Non-State Actors Mount an Armed Attack?’, in Weller, M. (ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 679–96.Google Scholar
van den Herik, L. and Schrijvers, N. (eds.), ‘Leiden Policy Recommendations on Counter-Terrorism and International Law’, in Counter-Terrorism Strategies in a Fragmented Legal Order. Meeting the Challenges (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 706–26.Google Scholar
Wählich, M., ‘Peace Settlements and the Prohibition of the Use of Force’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 962–87.Google Scholar
Walter, C., ‘Article 53’, in Simma, B., Khan, D-E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations. A Commentary, 3rd edn, vol. II (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2012), 1478–524.Google Scholar
Weeramantry, J. R., ‘International Law as to the Use of Force’, in de Guttry, A., Post, H. H. G. and Venturini, G. (eds.), The 1998–2000 War between Eritrea and Ethiopia. An International Legal Perspective (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2009), 227–42.Google Scholar
Weller, M., ‘Introduction: International Law and the Problem of War’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 334.Google Scholar
Westdickenberg, G. and Fixson, O., ‘Das Verbrechen der Aggression im Römischen Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes’, in Frowein, J. Abr., Scharioth, K., Winkelmann, I. and Wolfrum, R. (eds.), Verhandeln für den Frieden/Negotiating for Peace Liber Amicorum Tono Eitel (Berlin: Springer, 2003), 483525.Google Scholar
Wilmshurst, E., ‘Definition of the Crime of Aggression: State Responsibility or Individual Criminal Responsibility’, in Politi, M. and Nesi, G. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and the Crime of Aggression (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), 9396.Google Scholar
Wilmshurst, E., ‘Anticipatory Self-Defence against Terrorists’, in van den Herik, L. and Schrijver, N. (eds.), Counter-Terrorism Strategies in a Fragmented International Legal Order. Meeting the Challenges (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 356–72.Google Scholar
Wippman, D., ‘Pro-Democratic Intervention’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 797815.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, A. and Freiburg, E., ‘Article 8 bis. Crime of Aggression’, in Triffterer, O. and Ambos, K. (eds.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3rd edn (Munich: Beck, 2015), 568606.Google Scholar
Ambos, K., ‘The Crime of Aggression after Kampala’, German Yearbook of International Law, 53 (2010), 463509.Google Scholar
Antonopoulos, C., ‘“The Legitimacy to Legitimise”: The Security Council’s Action in Libya under Resolution 1973 (2011)’, International Community Law Review, 14 (2012), 359–79.Google Scholar
Bakircioglu, O., ‘The Right to Self-Defence in National and International Law: The Role of the Imminence Requirement’, Indiana International and Comparative Law Review, 19 (2009), 148.Google Scholar
Bannelier, K., ‘Military Interventions Against ISIL in Iraq, Syria and Libya and the Legal Basis of Consent’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 29 (2016), forthcoming.Google Scholar
Bannelier, K. and Christakis, T., ‘Under the Security Council’s Watchful Eyes: Military Intervention by Invitation in the Malian Conflict’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 26 (2013), 855–74.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Grover, L., ‘A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 105 (2011), 517–33.Google Scholar
Bazyler, M. J., ‘Reexamining the Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention in Light of the Atrocities in Kampuchea and Ethiopia’, Stanford Journal of International Law, 23 (1987), 547619.Google Scholar
Bethlehem, D., ‘Self-Defense against an Imminent or Actual Armed Attack by Nonstate Actors, American Journal of International Law, 106 (2012), 770–77.Google Scholar
Beyerlin, U., ‘Die israelische Befreiungsaktion von Entebbe in völkerrechtlicher Sicht’, Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 37 (1977), 213–43.Google Scholar
Blum, Y. Z., ‘State Response to Acts of Terrorism’, German Yearbook of International Law, 19 (1976), 223–37.Google Scholar
Boon, K. E., ‘Are Control Tests Fit for the Future? The Slippage Problem in Attribution Doctrines’, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 15 (2014), 330–77.Google Scholar
Bothe, M., ‘Die Erklärung der Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen über die Definition der Aggression’, Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, 18 (1975), 127–45.Google Scholar
Bowett, D., ‘Reprisals Involving the Recourse to Armed Force’, American Journal of International Law, 66 (1972), 136.Google Scholar
Broms, B., ‘The Definition of Aggression’, Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International, 154 (1977-I), 301–99.Google Scholar
Byers, M., ‘Preemptive Self-Defense: Hegemony, Equality and Strategies of Legal Change’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (2003), 171–90.Google Scholar
Byers, M., ‘Agreeing to Disagree: Security Council Resolution 1441 and Intentional Ambiguity’, Global Governance, 10 (2004), 165–86.Google Scholar
Castellino, J., ‘The Secession of Bangladesh in International Law’, Asian Yearbook of International Law, 7 (1997), 83104.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. K., ‘Some Legal Problems of Support Role in International Law: Tanzania and Uganda’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 30 (1981), 755–68.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Rethinking Aggression as a Crime and Formulating Its Elements: The Final Work-Product of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 15 (2002), 859–90.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Considered at the first Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May–11 June 2010’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 689711.Google Scholar
Cryer, R. and Simester, A. P., ‘Iraq and the Use of Force: Do the Side-Effects Justify the Means?’, Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 7 (2006), 941.Google Scholar
Day, S. F., ‘Legal Considerations in Noncombatant Evacuation Operations’, Naval Law Review, 40 (1992), 4564.Google Scholar
Deeks, A. S., ‘“Unwilling or Unable”: Toward a Normative Framework for Extraterritorial Self-Defense’, Virginia Journal of International Law, 52 (2012), 483550.Google Scholar
Deeks, A. S., ‘Consent to the Use of Force and International Law Supremacy’, Harvard International Law Journal, 54 (2013), 160.Google Scholar
Doswald-Beck, L., ‘The Legal Validity of Military Intervention by Invitation of the Government’, British Yearbook of International Law, 56 (1985), 189252.Google Scholar
Eichensehr, K. E., ‘Defending Nationals Abroad: Assessing the Lawfulness of Forcible Hostage Rescues’, Virginia Journal of International Law, 48 (2007–8), 451–84.Google Scholar
Eustathiades, C. T., ‘La définition de l’agression adoptée aux Nations Unies et la légitime défense’, Révue Hellénique de Droit International Law, 28 (1975), 597.Google Scholar
Falk, R. A., ‘The Beirut Raid and the International Law of Retaliation’, American Journal of International Law, 63 (1969), 415–43.Google Scholar
Farer, T. J., ‘The Regulation of Foreign Intervention in Civil Armed Conflict’, Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International, 142 (1974-II), 297416.Google Scholar
Farer, T. J., ‘Panama: Beyond the Charter Paradigm’, American Journal of International Law, 84 (1990), 503–15.Google Scholar
Fernández de Gurmendi, S. A., ‘The Working Group on Aggression at the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court’, Fordham International Law Journal, 25 (2001–2), 589605.Google Scholar
Fonteyne, J-P.L., ‘The Customary International Law Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention: Its Current Validity under the UN Charter’, California Western International Law Journal, 4 (1974), 203–70.Google Scholar
Franck, T. M., ‘What Happens Now? The United Nations after Iraq’, American Journal of International Law, 97 (2003), 607–20.Google Scholar
Franck, T. M. and Rodley, N. S., ‘After Bangladesh: The Law of Humanitarian Intervention by Military Force’, American Journal of International Law, 67 (1973), 275305.Google Scholar
Gill, T. D., ‘The Temporal Dimension of Self-Defence: Anticipation, Pre-emption, Prevention and Immediacy’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 11 (2006), 361–69.Google Scholar
Glennon, M. J., ‘The Blank-Prose Crime of Aggression’, Yale Journal of International Law, 35 (2009), 71114.Google Scholar
Gordon, D. J., ‘Use of Force for the Protection of Nationals Abroad: The Entebbe Incident’, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 9 (1977).Google Scholar
Gray, C., ‘The Eritrea/Ethiopia Claims Commission Oversteps its Boundaries: A Partial Award?European Journal of International Law, 17 (2006), 699721.Google Scholar
Green, J., ‘The Ratione Temporis Elements of Self-Defence’, Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 2 (2015), 97118.Google Scholar
Greig, D. W., ‘Self-Defence and the Security Council: What does Article 51 Require?’, International & Comparative Law Review, 40 (1991), 366402.Google Scholar
Grimal, F. and Melling, G., ‘The Protection of Nationals Abroad: Lawfulness or Toleration? A Commentary’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 16 (2011), 541–54.Google Scholar
Guiden, T., ‘Defending America’s Cambodian Incursion’, Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 11 (1994), 215–70.Google Scholar
Guiora, A. N., ‘Self-Defense – From the Wild West to 9/11: Who, What, When’, Cornell International Law Journal, 41 (2008), 631–74.Google Scholar
Hakimi, M., ‘Defensive Force against Non-State Actors: The State of Play’, International Law Studies, 91 (2015), 131.Google Scholar
Halverstam, M., ‘The Right of Self-Defense Once the Security Council Takes Action’, Michigan Journal of International Law, 17 (1996), 229–48.Google Scholar
Hassan, F., ‘Realpolitik in International Law: After Tanzanian–Ugandan Conflict “Humanitarian Intervention Reexamined”’, Willamette Law Review, 17 (1981), 859912.Google Scholar
Heinsch, R., ‘The Crime of Aggression after Kampala: Success or Burden for the Future?’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 713–43.Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., ‘The Uncertain Legal Status of the Aggression Understandings’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 229–48.Google Scholar
Henderson, C., ‘Contested States and the Rights and Obligations of the Jus Ad Bellum’, Cardozo Journal of International & Comparative Law, 21 (2013), 367407.Google Scholar
Henderson, C., ‘The Provision of Arms and “Non-Lethal” Assistance to Governmental and Opposition Forces’, University of New South Wales Law Journal, 36 (2013), 642–81.Google Scholar
Henderson, C., ‘The UK Government’s Legal Opinion on Forcible Measures in Response to the Use of Chemical Weapons by the Syrian Government’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 64 (2015), 179–96.Google Scholar
Hilpold, P., ‘Humanitarian Intervention: Is There a Need for a Legal Reappraisal?’, European Journal of International Law, 12 (2001), 437–67.Google Scholar
Hilpold, P., ‘Intervening in the Name of Humanity: R2P and the Power of Ideas’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 17 (2012), 4979.Google Scholar
Jennings, R. Y., ‘The Caroline and McLeod Cases’, American Journal of International Law, 32 (1938), 8299.Google Scholar
Kioko, K., ‘The Right of Intervention under the African Union’s Constitutive Act: From Non-Interference to Non-Intervention’, International Review of the Red Cross, 85 (2003), 807–25.Google Scholar
Koh, H. H. and Buchwald, T. F., ‘The Crime of Aggression: The United States Perspective’, American Journal of International Law, 109 (2015), 257–95.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Strafrecht und Angriffskrieg im Licht des “Falles Irak”’, Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 115 (2003), 294351.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The German Chief Federal Prosecutor’s Decision Not to Investigate the Alleged Crime of Preparing Aggression against Iraq’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2 (2004), 245–64.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Remarks’, Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 105 (2011), 160–62.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Review of “Armed Attack” and Article 51 of the UN Charter. Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice. By Tom Ruys’, British Yearbook of International Law, 83 (2012), 160–70.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Major Post-Westphalian Shifts and Some Important Neo-Westphalian Hesitations in the State Practice on the International Law on the Use of Force’, Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 1 (2014), 1154.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and Tams, C. J., ‘Wider die normative Kraft des Faktischen. Die Krim-Krise aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht’, Internationale Politik, 69 (2014), 1619.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 1179–217.Google Scholar
Kretzmer, D., ‘The Inherent Right of Self-Defence and Proportionality in Jus Ad Bellum’, European Journal of International Law, 24 (2013), 235–82.Google Scholar
Laursen, A., ‘The Use of Force and (the State of) Necessity’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 37 (2004), 487526.Google Scholar
Lehmann, J. M., ‘All Necessary Means to Protect Civilians: What the Intervention in Libya says about the Relationship between the Jus in Bello and Jus ad Bellum’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 17 (2012), 117–46.Google Scholar
Lillich, R. B., ‘Forcible Self-Help to Protect Human Rights’, Iowa Law Review, 53 (1967), 325–51.Google Scholar
Lobel, J., ‘The Use of Force to Respond to Terrorist Attacks: the Bombing of Sudan and Afghanistan’, Yale Journal of International Law, 24 (1999), 537–57.Google Scholar
Mancini, M., ‘A Brand New Definition for the Crime of Aggression: The Kampala Outcome’, Nordic Journal of International Law, 81 (2012), 227–48.Google Scholar
Mrazek, J., ‘Prohibition on the Use of Force: Self-Defence and Self-Help in International Law’, Canadian Yearbook of International Law, 27 (1989), 81111.Google Scholar
Müllerson, R., ‘Jus Ad Bellum: Plus ca Change (le Monde) plus c’est la même Chose (le Droit)’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 7 (2002), 149–89.Google Scholar
Nanda, V. P., ‘Tragedies in Northern Iraq, Liberia, Yugoslavia, and Haiti: Revisiting the Validity of Humanitarian Intervention under International Law – Part I’, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 20 (1992), 305–34.Google Scholar
Nolte, G., ‘Restoring Peace by Regional Action: International Legal Aspects of the Liberian Conflict’, Zeitschrift für ausländisches und öffentliches Recht, 53 (1993), 603–37.Google Scholar
Nolte, G., ‘The Resolution of the Institut de Droit International on Military Assistance on Request’, Révue Belge de Droit International, (2012), 233–54.Google Scholar
Nolte, G., ‘Multipurpose Self-Defence, Proportionality Disoriented: A Response to David Kretzmer’, European Journal of International Law, 24 (2013), 283–90.Google Scholar
Nowrot, K. and Schabacker, E. W., ‘The Use of Force to Restore Democracy: International Legal Implications of the ECOWAS Intervention in Sierra Leone’, American University International Law Review, 14 (1998), 321412.Google Scholar
O’Connell, M. E. and Niyazmatov, M., ‘What is Aggression? Comparing the Jus ad Bellum and the ICC Statute’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 189207.Google Scholar
Ofodile, A. C., ‘The Legality of ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 32 (1994), 380418.Google Scholar
Paulus, A., ‘The War Against Iraq and the Future of International Law: Hegemony or Pluralism?Michigan Journal of International Law, 25 (2004), 691733.Google Scholar
Paust, J. J., ‘Entebbe and Self-Help: the Israeli Response to Terrorism’, Fletcher Forum, 2 (1978), 8691.Google Scholar
Payandeh, M., ‘The United Nations, Military Intervention, and Regime Change in Libya’, Virginia Journal of International Law, 52 (2012), 355403.Google Scholar
Peters, A., ‘Extraterritorial Naturalizations: Between the Human Right to Nationality, State Sovereignty and Fair Principles of Jurisdiction’, German Yearbook of International Law, 53 (2010), 623725.Google Scholar
Quigley, J., ‘The Legality of the United States Invasion of Panama’, Yale Journal of International Law, 15 (1990), 276315.Google Scholar
Raby, J., ‘The State of Necessity and the Use of Force to Protect Nationals’, Canadian Yearbook of International Law, 26 (1988), 253–72.Google Scholar
Reisman, W. M., ‘Coercion and Self-Determination: Construing Charter Article 2(4)’, American Journal of International Law, 78 (1984), 642–45.Google Scholar
Reisman, W. M., ‘Sovereignty and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 84 (1990), 866–76.Google Scholar
Reisman, W. M. and Armstrong, A., ‘The Past and Future of the Claim of Preemptive Self-Defense’, American Journal of International Law, 100 (2006), 525–50.Google Scholar
Roberts, A., ‘The So-Called Right of Humanitarian Intervention’, Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 3 (2000), 351.Google Scholar
Roberts, A., ‘Law and the Use of Force After Iraq’, Survival, 45 (2003), 3156.Google Scholar
Rockefeller, M. L., ‘The “Imminent Threat” Requirement for the Use of Preemptive Military Force: Is it Time for a Non-Temporal Standard?’, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 33 (2004), 131–49.Google Scholar
Röling, B. V. A., ‘On Aggression, on International Criminal Law, on International Criminal Jurisdiction’, Nederlands Tidschrift Voor Internationaal Recht, 2 (1955), 167–96.Google Scholar
Ronzitti, N., ‘Expanding Law of Self-Defence’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 11 (2006), 343–59.Google Scholar
Ruys, T., ‘Crossing the Thin Blue Line: An Inquiry into Israel’s Recourse to Self-Defense against Hezbollah’, Stanford Journal of International Law, 43 (2007), 265–94.Google Scholar
Ruys, T., ‘The “Protection of Nationals” Doctrine Revisited’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 13 (2008), 233–71.Google Scholar
Ruys, T., ‘Of Arms, Funding and “Non-lethal Assistance”: Issues Surrounding Third State Intervention in the Syrian Civil War’, Chinese Journal of International Law, 13 (2014), 1353.Google Scholar
Ruys, T., ‘The Meaning of “Force” and the Boundaries of the Jus Ad Bellum: Are “Minimal” Uses of Force Excluded from UN Charter Article 2(4)?’, American Journal of International Law, 108 (2014), 159210.Google Scholar
Schachter, O., ‘The Right of States to Use Armed Force’, Michigan Law Review, 82 (1984), 1620–46.Google Scholar
Schachter, O., ‘The Lawful Use of Force by a State against Terrorists in Another Country’, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 19 (1989), 209–31.Google Scholar
Scheffer, D., ‘The Complex Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 897904.Google Scholar
Schindler, D., ‘Die Grenzen des völkerrechtlichen Gewaltverbots’, Berichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht, 26 (1985), 1141.Google Scholar
Schmalenbach, K., ‘Das Verbrechen der Aggression vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof: Ein politischer Erfolg mit rechtlichen Untiefen’, Juristen Zeitung, 65 (2010), 745–52.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law’, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 32 (2002), 53116.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘Preemptive Strategies in International Law’, Michigan Journal of International Law, 24 (2003), 515–48.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘“Change Direction” 2006: Israeli Operations in Lebanon and the International Law of Self-Defense’, Michigan Journal of International Law, 29 (2007–8), 127–64.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘Responding to Transnational Terrorism under the Jus Ad Bellum: A Normative Framework’, Naval Law Review, 56 (2008), 142.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘The Syrian Intervention: Assessing the Possible International Law Justifications’, International Law Studies, 89 (2013), 744–56.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M. N., ‘Legitimacy versus Legality Redux: Arming the Syrian Rebels’, Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 7 (2014), 139–59.Google Scholar
Schweisfurth, T., ‘Operations to Rescue Nationals in Third States Involving the Use of Force in Relation to Human Rights’, German Yearbook of International Law, 23 (1980), 159–80.Google Scholar
Sciso, E., ‘L’Aggressione Indiretta nella Definizione dell’Assemblea Generale delle Nazione Unite’, Rivista di Diritto Internazionale, 66 (1983), 253–90.Google Scholar
Shah, N. A., ‘Self-defence, Anticipatory Self-defence and Pre-emption: International Law’s Response to Terrorism’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 12 (2007), 95126.Google Scholar
Shah, N. A., ‘The Use of Force under Islamic Law’, European Journal of International Law, 24 (2013), 343–65.Google Scholar
Sofaer, A. D., ‘On the Necessity of Pre-emption’, European Journal of International Law, 14 (2003), 209–26.Google Scholar
Solera, O., ‘The Definition of the Crime of Aggression: Lessons Not Learned’, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 42 (2010), 801–21.Google Scholar
Stahn, C., ‘Terrorist Acts as “Armed Attack”: The Right of Self-Defense, Article 51 (1/2) of the UN Charter, and International Terrorism’, Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 27 (2003), 3554.Google Scholar
Stone, J., ‘Hopes and Loopholes in the 1974 Definition of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 71 (1977), 224–46.Google Scholar
Taft, W. H. IV, ‘Self-Defence and the Oil Platforms Decision’, Yale Journal of International Law, 29 (2004), 295306.Google Scholar
Talmon, S., ‘Recognition of Opposition Groups as the Legitimate Representative of a People’, Chinese Journal of International Law, 12 (2013), 219–53.Google Scholar
Tams, C., ‘The Use of Force against Terrorists’, European Journal of International Law, 20 (2009), 359–97.Google Scholar
Tladi, D., ‘The Nonconsenting State: The Problem with Bethlehem’s Principle 12’, American Journal of International Law, 107 (2013), 570–76.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘Defining “Aggression”: Why the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court Has Faced Such a Conundrum’, Loyola Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Review, 24 (2002), 439774.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘The Rome Statute’s Amendment on the Crime of Aggression: Negotiations at the Kampala Review Conference’, International Criminal Law Review, 11 (2011), 49104.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘Defining the “Grey Area” where Humanitarian Intervention may not be Fully Legal, but is not the Crime of Aggression’, Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 2 (2015), 4280.Google Scholar
Van Schaack, B., ‘Negotiating at the Interface of Power & Law: The Crime of Aggression’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49 (2011), 505601.Google Scholar
Waldock, C. H. M., ‘The Regulation of the Use of Force by Individual States in International Law’, Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit International, 81 (1952-II), 451517.Google Scholar
Walzer, W., ‘The Crime of Aggressive War’, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 6 (2007) 635–43.Google Scholar
Wenaweser, C., ‘Reaching the Kampala Compromise on Aggression: The Chair’s Perspective’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 883–87.Google Scholar
Weston, B. H., ‘Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Gulf Decision-Making: Precarious Legitimacy’, American Journal of International Law, 85 (1991), 516–35.Google Scholar
Wills, A. G., ‘The Crime of Aggression and the Resort to Force against Entities in Statu Nascendi’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012) 83110.Google Scholar
Wilmshurst, E., ‘Chatham House Principles of International Law on the Use of Force in Self-Defence’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 55 (2006), 963–72.Google Scholar
Wood, M., ‘International Law and the Use of Force: What Happens in Practice?’ Indian Yearbook of International Law (2013), 345–67.Google Scholar
Wooldridge, F. and Elias, O., ‘Humanitarian Considerations in the Work of the United Nations Compensation Commission’, International Review of the Red Cross, 85 (2003), 555–81.Google Scholar
Yost, D. S., ‘NATO and the Anticipatory Use of Force’, International Affairs, 83 (2007), 3968.Google Scholar
Zedalis, R., Protection of Nationals Abroad: Is Consent the Basis for Legal Obligation?’, Texas Journal of International Law 25 (1990), 209–70.Google Scholar
Zourek, Z., ‘Enfin une définition de l’agression’, Annuaire Français de Droit International, 20 (1974), 930.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), ICJ Reports (2007), 43.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), ICJ Reports (2005), 168.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Co. Ltd (New Application 1962) (Belgium v. Spain), Second Phase, ICJ Reports (1970), 3.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Provisional Measures of 10 May 1999, CR 99/15.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Oral Proceedings, Public Sitting, 10 May 1999.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), ICJ Reports (2004), 279.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), ICJ Reports (1986), 14.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), ICJ Reports (2003), 161.Google Scholar
Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Islamic Republic of Iran), ICJ Reports (1980), 3.Google Scholar
House of Lords, R v. Jones et al. [2006] UKHL 16.Google Scholar
North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark and the Netherlands), ICJ Reports (1969), 3.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, ICTY-94-1-AR72, 2 October 1995.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Tadić, Judgment, ICTY-94-1-A, 14 July 1999.Google Scholar
‘A Just and Lasting Peace’, Nobel Lecture by Barack H. Obama, 10 December 2009.Google Scholar
Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2010), 403.Google Scholar
Ago, R., ‘Addendum to the 8th Report on State Responsibility’, Yb ILC (1980), vol. II(1), 1370.Google Scholar
Council of Europe, ‘Venice Commission’, ‘Opinion on the Federal Law on the Amendments to the Federal Law on Defence of the Russian Federation’, Opinion No. 572/2010, 21 December 2010, CDL-AD(2010)052.Google Scholar
Independent International Fact Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia, Report, vol. II (3 vols., September 2009).Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Le Principe de Non-intervention dans le Guerres Civiles. 15 August 1975’, Annuaire de l’Institut de Droit International, 56 (1975), 544–49.Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Problèmes Actuels du Recours à la Force en Droit International. La Légitime Défense’, 10ième Commission sous.groupe A (27 October 2007).Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Military Assistance on Request’, 10th Commission – Sub-group C (8 September 2011).Google Scholar
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001).Google Scholar
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2004), 136.Google Scholar
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1996), 226.Google Scholar
United Nations, Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, vol. VI (22 vols., New York: United Nations Publications, 1945).Google Scholar
United Nations, Historical Review of Developments relating to Aggression (New York: United Nations Publications, 2003).Google Scholar
US Government, ‘The National Security Strategy of the United States of America’, The White House, Washington, DC, 17 September 2002.Google Scholar
Badar, M. E., The Concept of Mens Rea in International Criminal Law: The Case for a Unified Approach (Oxford: Hart, 2013).Google Scholar
Boister, N. and Cryer, R., The Tokyo International Tribunal: A Reappraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Fowler, H. W., A Dictionary of Modern English Language (Oxford University Press, 1950).Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Against the Odds: The Results of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S., Danspeckgruber, W. and Wenaweser, C. (eds.), The Princeton Process on the Crime of Aggression: Materials of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression, 2003–2009 (Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University, 2009) 120.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Gosnell, C., ‘Damned if You Don’t: Liability for Omissions in International Criminal Law’, in Schabas, W. A., McDermott, Y. and Hayes, N. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013), 101–31.Google Scholar
Shukri, M. A., ‘Individual Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression’, in Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice: Law and Practice from the Rome Statute to its Review (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), 519–45.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Nuremberg and the Crime against Peace’, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 6 (2007), 527–55.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Drafting a General Part to a Penal Code: Some Thoughts Inspired by the Negotiations on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and by the Court’s First Substantive Law Discussion in the Lubanga Dyilo Confirmation Proceedings’, Criminal Law Forum, 19 (2008), 519–52.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Ngudjolo Chui, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04/12, 18 December 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, on the Appeals of the Prosecutor and Mr Thomas Lubanga Dyilo Against the ‘Decision on Sentence Pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute’, No. ICC-01/04-01/06 A 4 A 6, Appeals Chamber, 1 December 2014.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against his conviction, No. ICC-01/04-01/06 A 5, Appeals Chamber, 1 December 2014.Google Scholar
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (adopted 9 December 1948, entered into force 12 January 1951), 78 UNTS 277.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Draft Articles on the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind’, Yb ILC (1988), vol. II(2), 55.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Summary Records of the Meetings of the Forty-Eighth Session, 6 May–26 July 1996’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1996, Yb ILC (1996), vol. I, 1.Google Scholar
‘Report by Robert H. Jackson’, United States Representative to the International Conference on Military Trials, London 1945, available at: www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/jackson-rpt-military-trials.pdf.Google Scholar
Ambos, K., Treatise on International Criminal Law, vol. I: Foundations and General Part (3 vols., Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Dressler, J., Understanding Criminal Law, 6th edn (New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2012).Google Scholar
Lee, R. S. et al. (eds.), The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2001).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Anggadi, F., French, G. and Potter, J., ‘Negotiating the Elements of the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 5897.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Complementarity and the Crime of Aggression’, in Stahn, C. and El Ziedy, M. M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2011), 721–44.Google Scholar
Fernandez de Gurmendi, S., ‘An Insider’s View’, in Politi, M. and Nesi, G. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and the Crime of Aggression (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), 175–88.Google Scholar
Gordon, G. S., ‘Of War Councils and Warmongering: Considering the Viability of Incitement to Aggression’, in Linton, S., Schabas, W. A. and Simpson, G. (eds.), For the Sake of Present and Future Generations: Essays in Honour of Roger S. Clark (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 409Google Scholar
Saland, P., ‘International Criminal Law Principles’, in Lee, R. S. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute, Issues, Negotiations, Results (The Hague: Kluwer Law, 1999), 189216.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘The Mental Element in International Criminal Law: The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Elements of Offences’, Criminal Law Forum, 12 (2001), 291334.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Rethinking Aggression as a Crime and Formulating its Elements: The Final Work-Product of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 15 (2002), 859–90.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Nuremberg and the Crime Against Peace’, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 6 (2007), 527–50.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Drafting a General Part to a Penal Code: Some Thoughts Inspired by the Negotiations on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and by the Court’s First Substantive law Discussion in the Lubanga Dyilo Confirmation Proceedings’, Criminal Law Forum, 19 (2008), 519–52.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Negotiating Provisions Defining the Crime of Aggression, its Elements and the Conditions for ICC Exercise Over It’, European Journal of International Law, 20 (2010), 1103–115.Google Scholar
Fernandez de Gurmendi, S., ‘The Working Group on Aggression at the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court’, Fordham International Law Journal, 25 (2002), 589605.Google Scholar
Mortenson, J. D., ‘The Travaux of Travaux: Is the Vienna Convention Hostile to Drafting History?’, American Journal of International Law, 107 (2013), 780822.Google Scholar
Potter, J., ‘The Threshold in the Proposed Definition of the Crime of Aggression’, New Zealand Yearbook of International Law, 6 (2008), 155–68.Google Scholar
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code, Proposed Official Draft (Philadelphia: American Law Institute, 1962).Google Scholar
General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, UN Doc. A/RES/2200(XXI).Google Scholar
General Assembly, Proceedings of the Preparatory Commission at its Seventh Session, 9 March 2001, UN Doc. PCNICC/2001/L.1/Rev.1, 22.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), UN Doc. A/RES/2200(XXI).Google Scholar
‘Preliminary List of Possible Issues Relating to the Crime of Aggression’, 29 March 2000, UN Doc. PCNICC/2000/WGCA/RT.1.Google Scholar
‘Report of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court’, Addendum, Part II, Finalized Draft Text of the Elements of Crimes, UN Doc. PCNICC/2000/1/Add.2 (2000).Google Scholar
Ambos, K., Treatise on International Criminal Law, vol. II (3 vols., Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Aust, A., Modern Treaty Law and Practice, 3rd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Kreß, C., The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Corten, O. and Klein, P. (eds.), The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary (Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Selected Basic Documents Related to the International Criminal Court (The Hague: International Criminal Court, 2011).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
McNair, A. D., The Law of Treaties (Oxford University Press, 1961).Google Scholar
Reuter, P., Introduction to the Law of Treaties, translated by Mico, J. and Haggenmacher, P., 2nd edn (London: Kegan Paul, 1995).Google Scholar
Sayapin, S., The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law: Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2014).Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Triffterer, O., Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008).Google Scholar
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, Historical Review of Developments relating to Aggression (New York: United Nations, 2003).Google Scholar
Villiger, M. E., Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009).Google Scholar
Anggadi, F., French, G. and Potter, J., ‘Negotiating the Elements of the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 5880.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Exercise of Jurisdiction and Entry into Force of the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Dive, G., Goes, B. and Vandermeersch, D. (eds.), From Rome to Kampala: The First Two Amendments to the Rome Statute (Brussels: Éditions Bruylant, 2012), 3153.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Wenaweser, C., ‘Forks in the Road: Personal Reflections on Negotiating the Kampala Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Linton, S., Simpson, G. and Schabas, W. (eds.), For the Sake of Present and Future Generations: Essays on International Law, Crime and Justice in Honour of Roger S. Clark (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 283–97.Google Scholar
Brunnée, J., ‘Treaty Amendments’, in Hollis, D. B. (ed.), The Oxford Guide to Treaties (Oxford University Press, 2012), 347–66.Google Scholar
Condorelli, L. and Villalpando, S., ‘Referral and Deferral by the Security Council’, in Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., Jones, J. R. W. D. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol. I (Oxford University Press, 2002), 627–55.Google Scholar
Gardiner, R., ‘The Vienna Convention Rules on Treaty Interpretation’, in Hollis, D. B. (ed.), The Oxford Guide to Treaties (Oxford University Press, 2012), 475506.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., Barriga, S., Grover, L. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘Negotiating the Understandings on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 8197.Google Scholar
Murphy, S. D., ‘The Crime of Aggression at the ICC’, in Weller, M. (ed.), Oxford Handbook on the Use of Force (Oxford University Press, 2013), 533–60.Google Scholar
Wagner, M., ‘The ICC and its Jurisdiction: Myths, Misperceptions and Realities’, in von Bogdandy, A. and Wolfrum, R. (eds.), Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 409502.Google Scholar
Akande, D., ‘The International Court of Justice and the Security Council: Is there Room for Judicial Control of Decisions of the Political Organs of the United Nations?’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 46 (1997), 309–43.Google Scholar
Alvarez, J. E., ‘Judging the Security Council’, American Journal of International Law, 90 (1996), 139.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Grover, L., ‘A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 105 (2011), 517–33.Google Scholar
Blokker, N. and Kreß, C., ‘A Consensus Agreement on the Crime of Aggression: Impressions from Kampala’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 889–95.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Ambiguities in Articles 5(2), 121 and 123 of the Rome Statute’, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 41 (2009), 413–27.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Considered at the First Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May–11 June 2010’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 689711.Google Scholar
Heinsch, R., ‘The Crime of Aggression after Kampala: Success or Burden for the Future?’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 713–43.Google Scholar
Koh, H. H. and Buchwald, T. F., ‘The Crime of Aggression: The United States Perspective’, American Journal of International Law, 109 (2015), 257–95.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 1179–217.Google Scholar
Manson, R., ‘Identifying the Rough Edges of the Kampala Compromise’, Criminal Law Forum, 21 (2010), 417–43.Google Scholar
Mégret, F., ‘Epilogue to an Endless Debate: The International Criminal Court’s Third Party Jurisdiction and the Looming Revolution of International Law’, European Journal of International Law, 12 (2001), 247–68.Google Scholar
Milanovic, M., ‘Aggression and Legality: Custom in Kampala’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 165–87.Google Scholar
Politi, M., ‘The ICC and the Crime of Aggression: A Dream that Came Through and the Reality Ahead’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 267–88.Google Scholar
Reisinger Coracini, A., ‘The International Criminal Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression – at Last … in Reach … over Some’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 745–89.Google Scholar
Roberts, K., ‘Second-Guessing the Security Council: The International Court of Justice and its Powers of Judicial Review’, Pace International Law Review, 7 (1995), 281327.Google Scholar
Scheffer, D., ‘The Complex Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 897904.Google Scholar
Schmalenbach, K., ‘Das Verbrechen der Aggression vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof: Ein politischer Erfolg mit rechtlichen Untiefen’, Juristen Zeitung, 65 (2010), 745–52.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘The Rome Statute’s Amendment on the Crime of Aggression: Negotiations at the Kampala Review Conference’, International Criminal Law Review, 11 (2011), 49104.Google Scholar
Van Schaack, B., ‘Negotiating at the Interface of Power and Law: The Crime of Aggression’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49 (2011), 505601.Google Scholar
Watson, G. R., ‘Constitutionalism, Judicial Review, and the World Court’, Harvard International Law Journal, 34 (1993), 145.Google Scholar
Weisbord, N., ‘Bargaining Practices: Negotiating the Kampala Compromise for the International Criminal Court’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 76 (2014), 85117.Google Scholar
Wenaweser, C., ‘Reaching the Kampala Compromise on Aggression: The Chair’s Perspective’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 883–87.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, A., ‘Amending the Amendment Provisions of the Rome Statute: The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression and the Law of Treaties’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 209–27.Google Scholar
Review Conference RC/Res.5, ‘Amendments to Article 8 of the Rome Statute’, 10 June 2010, in Review Conference Official Records, RC/11, part II, 13.Google Scholar
Resolution ICC-ASP/9/Res.3, ‘Strengthening the International Criminal Court and the Assembly of States Parties’, 10 December 2010.Google Scholar
Security Council, Resolution 1593 (2005) concerning Sudan, 31 March 2005, UN Doc. S/RES/1593.Google Scholar
Security Council, Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning peace and security in Africa, 26 February 2011, UN Doc. S/RES/1970.Google Scholar
Ambos, K., Treatise on International Criminal Law, vol. I: Foundations and General Part (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Cassese, A., Cassese’s International Criminal Law, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Denza, E., Diplomatic Law. Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Kreicker, H., Völkerrechtliche Exemtionen: Grundlagen und Grenzen völkerrechtlicher Immunitäten und ihre Wirkungen im Strafrecht (2 vols., Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2007).Google Scholar
van Alebeek, R., The Immunity of States and Their Officials in International Criminal Law and International Human Rights Law (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Frulli, M., ‘Immunity of Persons from Jurisdiction’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), The Oxford Companion to International Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press, 2009), 368–69.Google Scholar
Gaeta, P., ‘Official Capacity and Immunities’, in Cassese, A. et al. (eds.), Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2002), 9751002.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The International Criminal Court and Immunities under International Law for States Not Party to the Court’s Statute’, in Bergsmo, M. and Yan, L. (eds.), States Sovereignty and International Criminal Law (Oslo: FICHL Publications Series, 2012), 223–65.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and Prost, K., ‘Article 98’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), article 98.Google Scholar
Akande, D., ‘International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court’, American Journal of International Law, 98 (2004), 407–33.Google Scholar
Akande, D., ‘The Legal Nature of Security Council Referrals to the ICC and its Impact on Al Bashir’s Immunity’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 7 (2009), 333–52.Google Scholar
Akande, D. and Shah, S., ‘Immunities of State Officials, International Crimes, and Foreign Domestic Courts’, European Journal of International Law, 21 (2010), 815–52.Google Scholar
Bianchi, A., ‘Immunity Versus Human Rights: The Pinochet Case’, European Journal of International Law, 10 (1999), 237–77.Google Scholar
Bockslaff, K. and Koch, M., ‘The Tabatabai Case: The Immunity of Special Envoys and the Limits of Judicial Review’, German Yearbook of International Law, 25 (1982), 539–84.Google Scholar
Buzzini, G. P., ‘Lights and Shadows of Immunities and Inviolability of State Officials in International Law: Some Comments on the Djibouti v. France Case’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 22 (2009), 455–83.Google Scholar
Cassese, A., ‘When May Senior State Officials be Tried for International Crimes? Some Comments on the Congo v. Belgium Case’, European Journal of International Law, 13 (2002), 853–75.Google Scholar
Dinstein, Y., ‘Diplomatic Immunity from Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 15 (1966), 7689.Google Scholar
Gaeta, P., ‘Does President Bashir Enjoy Immunity from Arrest?’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 7 (2009), 315–32.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Der Internationale Gerichtshof im Spannungsfeld von Völkerstrafrecht und Immunität’, Goltdammer’s Archiv für Strafrecht, 150 (2003), 2543.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Reflections on the Iudicare Limb of the Grave Breaches Regime’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 7 (2009), 789809.Google Scholar
Kreicker, H., ‘Immunität und IStGH: Zur Bedeutung völkerrechtlicher Exemtionen für den Internationalen Strafgerichtshof’, Zeitschrift für internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik 7 (2009), 350–67, available at: www.zis-online.com.Google Scholar
Kreicker, H., ‘Die Entscheidung des Internationalen Gerichtshofs zur Staatenimmunität – Auswirkungen auf das Völkerstrafrecht?’, Zeitschrift für internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik, 4 (2012), 107–23, available at: www.zis-online.com.Google Scholar
Lavalle, R., ‘A Vicious Storm in a Teacup: The Action by the United Nations Security Council to Narrow the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court’, Criminal Law Forum, 14 (2003), 195220.Google Scholar
Orakhelashvili, A., ‘State Immunity and Hierarchy of Norms: Why the House of Lords Got it Wrong’, European Journal of International Law, 18 (2007), 955–70.Google Scholar
Przetacznik, F., ‘Diplomacy by Special Missions’, RDI, 59 (1981), 109–76.Google Scholar
Sanger, A., ‘Immunity of State Officials from the Criminal Jurisdiction of a Foreign State’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 62 (2013), 193224.Google Scholar
Szasz, P. C. and Ingadottir, T., ‘The UN and the ICC: The Immunity of the UN and its Officials’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 14 (2001), 867–85.Google Scholar
Tladi, D., ‘The ICC Decisions on Chad and Malawi. On Cooperation, Immunities, and Article 98’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11 (2013), 199221.Google Scholar
van Alebeek, R., ‘National Courts, International Crimes and the Functional Immunity of State Officials’, Netherlands International Law Review, 59 (2012), 541.Google Scholar
Voetelink, J., ‘Status of Forces and Criminal Jurisdiction’, Netherlands International Law Review, 60 (2013), 231–50.Google Scholar
Wirth, S., ‘Immunities, Related Problems, and Article 98 of the Rome Statute’, Criminal Law Forum, 12 (2001), 429–58.Google Scholar
Wirth, S., ‘Immunity for Core Crimes? The ICJ’s Judgment in the Congo v. Belgium Case’, European Journal of International Law, 13 (2002), 877–93.Google Scholar
Wood, M., ‘The Immunity of Official Visitors’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 16 (2012), 3598.Google Scholar
Wuerth, I., ‘Pinochet’s Legacy Reassessed’, American Journal of International Law, 106 (2012), 731–68.Google Scholar
Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), ICJ Reports (2002), 3, para. 60, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/c6bb20.Google Scholar
Bow Street Magistrates’ Court, Re General Mofaz, Judgment, 12 February 2004, 128 ILR 709.Google Scholar
Bow Street Magistrates’ Court, Re Bo Xilai, Judgment, 8 November 2005, 128 ILR 713.Google Scholar
Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran), Order, 15 December 1979, ICJ Reports (1979), 7, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/6f111a. Judgment, 24 May 1980, ICJ Reports (1980), 3, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/4a9050.Google Scholar
Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v. France), IJC Reports (2008), 177, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/7b6a80.Google Scholar
Cour de Cassation, Arret No. 1414, Gaddafi, 13 March 2001, 125 ILR 490.Google Scholar
District Court, Attorney-General of Israel v. Adolf Eichmann, Judgment, 12 December 1961, 36 ILR 18. Confirmed by the Supreme Court of Israel, Judgment, 29 May 1962, 36 ILR 277.Google Scholar
German Federal Constitutional Court, Case of the Former Syrian Ambassador, 10 June 1997, 2 BvR 1516/96, 115 ILR 595.Google Scholar
High Court, Queen’s Bench Division, Khurts Bat v. Investigating Judge of the German Federal Court, Judgment, 29 July 2011, 147 ILR 633.Google Scholar
House of Lords, R v. Bow Street Magistrates, ex parte Pinochet, Judgment 24 March 1999 (Pinochet (No. 3)), 119 ILR 135.Google Scholar
International Military Tribunal, Judgment, 1 October 1946, 56, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/45f18e.Google Scholar
Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, Mario Luiz Lozano v. General Prosecutor, Judgment, No. 31171/2008, 24 July 2008.Google Scholar
Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy; Greece intervening), ICJ Reports (2012), 99, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/674187.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Blaškić, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, IT-95-14AR108 bis, 29 October 1997, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/c5e5ab.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Furundija, Judgment, 10 December 1998, IT-95-17/1-T, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/e6081b.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09-3, 4 March 2009, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/e26cf4.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Failure by the Republic of Malawi to Comply with the Cooperation Requests Issued by the Court with Respect to the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09-139, 12 December 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/476812.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Cooperation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Regarding Omar Al Bashir’s Arrest and Surrender to the Court, ICC-02/05-01/09-195, 9 April 2014.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milosevic, Decision on Preliminary Motions, IT-02-54, 8 November 2001, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/f15771.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Taylor, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, No. SCSL-2003-01-I, 31 May 2004, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/3128b2.Google Scholar
Supreme Court of Israel, Judgment, 29 May 1962, 36 ILR 277.Google Scholar
Swiss Federal Criminal Court, Decision on Jurisdiction over former Algerian Defence Minister Nezzar, No. BB.2011.140, 25 July 2012, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/36c7fd.Google Scholar
Agreement regarding the Status of Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty (signed 19 June 1951, entered into force 23 August 1953), 199 UNTS 67.Google Scholar
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (adopted 13 February 1946, entered into force 17 September 1946), 1 UNTS 15.Google Scholar
Convention on Special Missions (adopted 8 December 1969, entered into force 21 June 1985), 1400 UNTS 231.Google Scholar
Hernández, C. E., ILC Special Rapporteur, ‘Second Report on the Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/661 (2013).Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Report on the Work of its Sixty-fifth Session, 6 May–7 June and 8 July–9 August 2013’, UN Doc. A/68/10 (2013).Google Scholar
Kolodkin, R. A., ILC Special Rapporteur, ‘Preliminary Report on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/601 (2008).Google Scholar
Kolodkin, R. A., ILC Special Rapporteur, ‘Second Report on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/631 (2010).Google Scholar
Kolodkin, R. A., ILC Special Rapporteur, ‘Third Report on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/646 (2011).Google Scholar
Relationship Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations, 4 October 2004, UN Doc. A/58/874 (annex), available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/9432c6.Google Scholar
Security and Defence Cooperation Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United States of America of 30 September 2014.Google Scholar
Security Council, Resolution 1593 (2005) concerning Sudan, 31 March 2005, UN Doc. S/RES/1593.Google Scholar
Security Council, Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya, 26 February 2011, UN Doc. S/RES/1970.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (adopted 22 April 1963, entered into force 19 March 1967), 596 UNTS 261.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (adopted 18 April 1961, entered into force 24 April 1964), 500 UNTS 95.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 22 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.Google Scholar
Cryer, R., Friman, H., Robinson, D. and Wilmshurst, E., An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (Cambridge University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Dinstein, Y., War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 4th edn (Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
El Zeidy, M., The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law: Origin, Development and Practice (Leiden: Brill, 2008).Google Scholar
Ferdinandusse, W. N., Direct Application of International Criminal Law in National Courts (Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Jurdi, N., The International Criminal Court and National Courts: A Contentious Relationship (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013).Google Scholar
Kemp, G., ‘Individual Criminal Liability for the International Crime of Aggression’, dissertation presented for the Degree of Doctor of Law, Stellenbosch University, 2008.Google Scholar
Kleffner, J. K., Complementarity in the Rome Statute and National Criminal Jurisdictions (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Macedo, S. (ed.), Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes under International Law (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Solera, O., Defining the Crime of Aggression (London: Cameron May, 2007).Google Scholar
Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Stigen, J., The Relationship between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008).Google Scholar
Bantekas, I., ‘Criminal Jurisdiction of States under International Law’, in Wolfrum, R. (ed.) Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (Oxford University Press, online edn), paras. 17–19.Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Against the Odds: The Results of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression’, in Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice Law and Practice from the Rome Statute to Its Review (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), 591608.Google Scholar
Brotóns, A. R., ‘Aggression, Crime of Aggression, Crime without Punishment’, Working Paper No. 10 (Madrid: Fundación para las Relaciones Intemacionales y el Diälogo Exterior, 2005).Google Scholar
Butler, A. H., ‘The Growing Support for Universal Jurisdiction in National Legislation’, in Macedo, S. (ed.) Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes under International Law (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 6777.Google Scholar
Carnero-Rojo, E. and Olásolo, H., ‘The Application of the Principle of Complementarity to the Decision whether to Open an Investigation: the Admissibility of “Situations”’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 393420.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Complementarity and the Crime of Aggression’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 721–44.Google Scholar
Fife, R. E., ‘Criminalizing Individuals for Acts of Aggression Committed by States’, in Bergsmo, M. (ed.), Human Rights and Criminal Justice for the Downtrodden: Essays in Honour of Asbjørn Eide (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 5374.Google Scholar
Fox, H., ‘International Law and Restraints on the Exercise of Jurisdiction by National Courts of States’, in Evans, M. D. (ed.), International Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2006), 361–94.Google Scholar
Gaja, G., ‘The Long Journey towards Repressing Aggression’, in Cassese, A., Gaeta, P. and Jones, J. R. W. D. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2002), 427–41.Google Scholar
Gordon, G. S., ‘Complementarity and Other Forms of Justice: A New Test for ICC Admissibility’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 745806.Google Scholar
Gowlland-Debbas, V., ‘The Functions of the United Nations Security Council in the International Legal System’, in Byers, M. (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2000), 277314.Google Scholar
Gropengießer, H. and Kreicker, H., ‘Deutschland’, in Eser, A. and Kreicker, H. (eds.), Nationale Strafverfolgung Völkerrechtlicher Verbrechen, Vol I: Deutschland (Freiburg im Breisgau: Edition Juscrim, 2003).Google Scholar
Holmes, J. T., ‘Complementarity: National Courts versus the International Criminal Court’, in Cassese, A., Gaeta, P. and Jones, J. R. W. D. (eds.), Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, vol. I (2 vols., Oxford University Press, 2002), 667–86.Google Scholar
Kirby, M., ‘Universal Jurisdiction and Judicial Reluctance: A New “Fourteen Points”’, in Macedo, S. (ed.), Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes under International Law (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 240–59.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., Barriga, S., Grover, L. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘Negotiating the Understandings on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 8197.Google Scholar
Nollkaemper, A., ‘System Criminality in International Law: Introduction’, in Nollkaemper, A. and van der Wilt, H. (eds.), System Criminality in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2009), 125.Google Scholar
Rastan, R., ‘Situation and Case: Defining the Parameters’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 421–59.Google Scholar
Reisinger Coracini, A., ‘National Legislation on Individual Responsibility for Conduct Amounting to Aggression’, in Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice: Law and Practice from the Rome Statute to its Review (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), 547–78.Google Scholar
Schabas, W. and Williams, S., ‘Article 17: Issues of Admissibility’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article-by-Article, 2nd edn (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2008), 605–27.Google Scholar
Shukri, M. A., ‘National Legislation on Individual Responsibility for Conduct Amounting to Aggression’, in Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice: Law and Practice from the Rome Statute to Its Review (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), 519–45.Google Scholar
Stegmiller, I., ‘Interpretative Gravity under the Rome Statute’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 603–41.Google Scholar
Stigen, J., ‘The Admissibility Procedures’, in Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 503–57.Google Scholar
Strapatsas, N., ‘Complementarity and Aggression: A Ticking Time Bomb?’, in Stahn, C. and van den Herik, L. (eds.), Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2010), 450–75.Google Scholar
Werle, G., ‘The Crime of Aggression between International and Domestic Criminal Law’, in Manacorda, S. and Nieto, A. (eds.), Criminal Law between War and Peace: Justice and Cooperation in Criminal Matters in International Military Interventions, Proceedings of the XVth International Congress on Social Defense, (Cuenca: Ed. de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2009), 405–21.Google Scholar
Wickremasinghe, C., ‘Immunities Enjoyed by Officials of States and International Organizations’, in Evans, M. D. (ed.), International Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2006), 395422.Google Scholar
Wrange, P., ‘The Crime of Aggression and Complementarity’, in Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice: Law and Practice from the Rome Statute to its Review (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), 591607.Google Scholar
Akande, D., ‘International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court’, American Journal of International Law, 98 (2004), 407–33.Google Scholar
Akande, D., ‘Prosecuting Aggression: The Consent Problem and the Role of the Security Council’, Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict Working Papers (May 2010), 141.Google Scholar
Bacio Terracino, J., ‘National Implementation of ICC Crimes: Impact on National Jurisdictions and the ICC’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 5 (2007), 421–40.Google Scholar
Barcroft, P. A., ‘The Slow Demise of Impunity in Argentina and Chile’, American Society of International Law, Insight, 9 (2005), available at: www.asil.org/insights.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Grover, L., ‘A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 105 (2011), 517–33.Google Scholar
Bassiouni, M. C., ‘Universal Jurisdiction for International Crimes: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Practice’, Virginia Journal of International Law, 42 (2001), 81162.Google Scholar
Blokker, N. and Kreß, C., ‘A Consensus Agreement on the Crime of Aggression: Impressions from Kampala’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 889–95.Google Scholar
Bottini, G., ‘Universal Jurisdiction after the Creation of the International Criminal Court’, NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 36 (2003), 503–62.Google Scholar
Bradley, C. A. and Helfer, L. R., ‘International Law and the U.S. Common Law of Foreign Official Immunity’, Supreme Court Review, 1 (2010), 213–73.Google Scholar
Cassese, A., ‘On Some Problematical Aspects of the Crime of Aggression’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 20 (2007), 841–49.Google Scholar
Ferencz, D., ‘Introductory Note to the United Kingdom House of Lords: R. v. Jones et al.’, International Legal Materials, 45 (July 2006), 9881014.Google Scholar
Ferencz, D., ‘The Crime of Aggression: Some Personal Reflections on Kampala’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 905–8.Google Scholar
Ferencz, D., ‘Ending Impunity for the Crime of Aggression’, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 41 (2013), 281–90.Google Scholar
Goussac, N., ‘Territoriality and the Crime of Aggression’, New Zealand Yearbook of International Law, 6 (2008), 169–82.Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., ‘Retreat from Nuremberg: The Leadership Requirement in the Special Working Group’s Definition of Aggression’, European Journal of International Law, 18 (2007), 477–97.Google Scholar
Heller, K. J., ‘The Uncertain Legal Status of the Aggression Understandings’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 229–48.Google Scholar
Kaleck, W., ‘From Pinochet to Rumsfeld: Universal Jurisdiction in Europe 1998–2008’, Michigan Journal of International Law, 30 (2008–2009), 927–80.Google Scholar
Kleffner, J. K., ‘The Impact of Complementarity on National Implementation of Substantive International Criminal Law’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 1 (2003), 86113.Google Scholar
Koivu, V., ‘Head of State Immunity v. Individual Criminal Responsibility’, Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 12 (2001), 305–30.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘The Iraqi Special Tribunal and the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 1 (2004), 347–52.Google Scholar
Kreß, C., ‘Universal Jurisdiction over International Crimes and the Institut de Droit International’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4 (2006), 561–85.Google Scholar
McDougall, C., ‘When Law and Reality Clash – the Imperative of Compromise in the Context of the Accumulated Evil of the Whole: Conditions for the Exercise of the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression’, International Criminal Law Review, 7 (2007), 277333.Google Scholar
Meyer, F., ‘Complementing Complementarity’, International Criminal Law Review, 1 (2006), 549–84.Google Scholar
Mégret, F., ‘Three Dangers for the International Criminal Court’, Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 12 (2001), 193248.Google Scholar
Müller-Schieke, I. K., ‘Defining the Crime of Aggression under the Statute of the International Criminal Court’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 14 (2001), 409–30.Google Scholar
Newton, M., ‘The Complementarity Conundrum: Are We Watching Evolution or Evisceration?’, Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 8 (2010), 115–64.Google Scholar
Nollkaemper, N., ‘Systematic Effects of International Responsibility for International Crimes’, Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 8 (2010), 313–52.Google Scholar
Nouwen, S., ‘The Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Immunity of Taylor: The Arrest Warrant Case Continued’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 18 (2005), 645–69.Google Scholar
Perrin, B., ‘Making Sense of Complementarity: The Relationship between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions’, Sri Lanka Journal of International Law, 18 (2006), 301–26.Google Scholar
Reisinger Coracini, A., ‘The International Criminal Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression – at Last… in Reach… over Some’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 745–89.Google Scholar
Rygaert, C., ‘The International Criminal Court and Universal Jurisdiction: A Fraught Relationship’, New Criminal Law Review, 12 (2009), 498512.Google Scholar
Sammons, A., ‘Universal Jurisdiction: Implications for Legitimacy on Trials of War Criminals by National Courts’, Berkeley Journal of International Law, 21 (2013), 111–43.Google Scholar
Scharf, M., ‘Universal Jurisdiction and the Crime of Aggression’, Harvard International Law Journal, 53 (2012), 357–89.Google Scholar
Sriram, C. L., ‘Universal Jurisdiction: Problems and Prospects of Externalizing Justice’, Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 12 (2001), 4770.Google Scholar
Tladi, D., ‘Kampala, the International Criminal Court and the Adoption of a Definition of the Crime of Aggression: A Dream Deferred’, South African Yearbook of International Law, 35 (2010), 8096.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘Is Complementarity the Right Approach for the International Criminal Court’s Crime of Aggression? Considering the Problem of “Overzealous” National Court Prosecutions’, Cornell International Law Journal, 45 (2012), 569601.Google Scholar
Van Schaack, B., ‘Par in Parem Imperium Non Habet: Complementarity and the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 133–64.Google Scholar
Villarino Villa, C., ‘The Crime of Aggression before the House of Lords: Chronicle of a Death Foretold’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4 (2006), 866–77.Google Scholar
Wald, P., ‘Running the Trial of the Century: The Nuremberg Legacy’, Cardozo Law Review, 27 (2005–6), 1559–98.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. J., ‘Spanish Supreme Court Affirms Conviction of Argentine Former Naval Officer for Crimes Against Humanity’, American Society of International Law, Insight, 12 (2008), available at: www.asil.org/insights.Google Scholar
Wirth, S., ‘Immunities, Related Problems, and Article 98 of the Rome Statute’, Criminal Law Forum, 12 (2001), 429–58.Google Scholar
Zuppi, A. L., ‘Aggression as International Crime: Unattainable Crusade or Finally Conquering the Evil?’, Penn State International Law Review, 26 (2007), 136.Google Scholar
Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), ICJ Reports (2002), 3.Google Scholar
Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), ICJ Reports (1995), 90.Google Scholar
House of Lords, R v. Jones (Appellant) [2006] UKHL 16.Google Scholar
Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 (Italy v. France, United Kingdom and United States), ICJ Reports (1954), 19.Google Scholar
North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark and the Netherlands), ICJ Reports (1969), 3.Google Scholar
Permanent Court of Criminal Justice, The Case of the SS ‘Lotus’, PCIJ Series A, No. 10.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr Germain Katanga against the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber II of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case, ICC-01/04-01/07 OA 8, 25 September 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Warrant of Arrest issued by Pre-Trial Chamber I, ICC-01/04-01/06, 10 February 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Muthaura/Kenyatta/Ali, Decision on the Application by the Government of Kenya Challenging the Admissibility of the Case Pursuant to Article 19(2)(b) of the Statute, ICC-01/09-02/11 OA, 30 August 2011.Google Scholar
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (adopted 26 November 1968, entered into force 11 November 1970), 754 UNTS 73.Google Scholar
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (adopted 23 September 1971, entered into force 26 January 1973), 974 UNTS 178.Google Scholar
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (adopted 10 April 1959, entered into force 12 June 1962), 72 UNTS 185.Google Scholar
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 29 September 2003), 2225 UNTS 209.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (done 18 April 1961, entered into force 24 April 1964), 500 UNTS 95.Google Scholar
Rwanda, Organic Law No. 08/96 of 30 August 1996 on the Organization of Prosecutions for Offences constituting the Crime of Genocide or Crimes against Humanity committed since 1 October 1990, available at: www.preventgenocide.org/law/domestic/rwanda.htm.Google Scholar
Sweden, Penal Code (SFS 1962:700), available at: www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/108/a/1536.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts, 28 September 2001, UN Doc. S/RES/1373.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1422 (2002) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2002, UN Doc. S/RES/1422.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1487 (2003) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1487.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1497 (2003) concerning Liberia, 1 August 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1497.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) concerning Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 28 April 2004, UN Doc. S/RES/1540.Google Scholar
African Union, ‘Report of the Committee of Eminent African Jurists on the Case of Hissène Habré’, available at: www.hrw.org/legacy/justice/habre/CEJA_Repor0506.pdf.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 55th Session, ‘Prevention of Armed Conflict’, Report of the Secretary-General, 7 June 2001, UN Doc. A/55/985-S/2001/574.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 66th Session, ‘The Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction’, Report of the Secretary-General, 20 June 2011, UN Doc. A/66/93.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch, ‘The Case Against Hissène Habré, an “African Pinochet”’, available at: www.hrw.org/en/habre-case.Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Universal Criminal Jurisdiction with Regard to the Crime of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes’ (Resolution adopted 26 August 2005), available at: www.idi-iil.org.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Paper on Some Policy Issues before the Office of the Prosecutor’, August 2003, The Hague.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations’, November 2013, The Hague.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Summary Records of the 2378th to 2425th Meetings’, Yb ILC (1995), vol. I.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Commentary to the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind’, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Yb ILC (1996), vol. II(2), 15.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction: Memorandum by the Secretariat’, 31 March 2008, UN Doc. A/CN.4/596.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Sixty-Sixth Session’, 5 May–6 June and 7 July–8 August 2014, UN Doc. A/69/10.Google Scholar
Princeton Project on Universal Jurisdiction, ‘The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction’, available at: http://lapa.princeton.edu/hosteddocs/unive_jur.pdf.Google Scholar
Statement by Harold Hongju Koh at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court, ICC Review Conference, 4 June 2010, available at: www.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/142665.htm.Google Scholar
‘The Cairo – Arusha Principles On Universal Jurisdiction in Respect of Gross Human Rights Offences: An African Perspective’ (Accra: Africa Legal Aid, 2002).Google Scholar
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (adopted 26 November 1968, entered into force 11 November 1970), 754 UNTS 73.Google Scholar
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (adopted 23 September 1971, entered into force 26 January 1973), 974 UNTS 178.Google Scholar
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (adopted 10 April 1959, entered into force 12 June 1962), 72 UNTS 185.Google Scholar
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 29 September 2003), 2225 UNTS 209.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (done 18 April 1961, entered into force 24 April 1964), 500 UNTS 95.Google Scholar
Rwanda, Organic Law No. 08/96 of 30 August 1996 on the Organization of Prosecutions for Offences constituting the Crime of Genocide or Crimes against Humanity committed since 1 October 1990, available at: www.preventgenocide.org/law/domestic/rwanda.htm.Google Scholar
Sweden, Penal Code (SFS 1962:700), available at: www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/108/a/1536.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts, 28 September 2001, UN Doc. S/RES/1373.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1422 (2002) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2002, UN Doc. S/RES/1422.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1487 (2003) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1487.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1497 (2003) concerning Liberia, 1 August 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1497.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) concerning Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 28 April 2004, UN Doc. S/RES/1540.Google Scholar
African Union, ‘Report of the Committee of Eminent African Jurists on the Case of Hissène Habré’, available at: www.hrw.org/legacy/justice/habre/CEJA_Repor0506.pdf.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 55th Session, ‘Prevention of Armed Conflict’, Report of the Secretary-General, 7 June 2001, UN Doc. A/55/985-S/2001/574.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 66th Session, ‘The Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction’, Report of the Secretary-General, 20 June 2011, UN Doc. A/66/93.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch, ‘The Case Against Hissène Habré, an “African Pinochet”’, available at: www.hrw.org/en/habre-case.Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Universal Criminal Jurisdiction with Regard to the Crime of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes’ (Resolution adopted 26 August 2005), available at: www.idi-iil.org.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Paper on Some Policy Issues before the Office of the Prosecutor’, August 2003, The Hague.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations’, November 2013, The Hague.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Summary Records of the 2378th to 2425th Meetings’, Yb ILC (1995), vol. I.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Commentary to the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind’, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Yb ILC (1996), vol. II(2), 15.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction: Memorandum by the Secretariat’, 31 March 2008, UN Doc. A/CN.4/596.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Sixty-Sixth Session’, 5 May–6 June and 7 July–8 August 2014, UN Doc. A/69/10.Google Scholar
Princeton Project on Universal Jurisdiction, ‘The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction’, available at: http://lapa.princeton.edu/hosteddocs/unive_jur.pdf.Google Scholar
Statement by Harold Hongju Koh at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court, ICC Review Conference, 4 June 2010, available at: www.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/142665.htm.Google Scholar
‘The Cairo – Arusha Principles On Universal Jurisdiction in Respect of Gross Human Rights Offences: An African Perspective’ (Accra: Africa Legal Aid, 2002).Google Scholar
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (adopted 26 November 1968, entered into force 11 November 1970), 754 UNTS 73.Google Scholar
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (adopted 23 September 1971, entered into force 26 January 1973), 974 UNTS 178.Google Scholar
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (adopted 10 April 1959, entered into force 12 June 1962), 72 UNTS 185.Google Scholar
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 29 September 2003), 2225 UNTS 209.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (done 18 April 1961, entered into force 24 April 1964), 500 UNTS 95.Google Scholar
Rwanda, Organic Law No. 08/96 of 30 August 1996 on the Organization of Prosecutions for Offences constituting the Crime of Genocide or Crimes against Humanity committed since 1 October 1990, available at: www.preventgenocide.org/law/domestic/rwanda.htm.Google Scholar
Sweden, Penal Code (SFS 1962:700), available at: www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/108/a/1536.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts, 28 September 2001, UN Doc. S/RES/1373.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1422 (2002) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2002, UN Doc. S/RES/1422.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1487 (2003) concerning United Nations Peacekeeping, 12 June 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1487.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1497 (2003) concerning Liberia, 1 August 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1497.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) concerning Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 28 April 2004, UN Doc. S/RES/1540.Google Scholar
African Union, ‘Report of the Committee of Eminent African Jurists on the Case of Hissène Habré’, available at: www.hrw.org/legacy/justice/habre/CEJA_Repor0506.pdf.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 55th Session, ‘Prevention of Armed Conflict’, Report of the Secretary-General, 7 June 2001, UN Doc. A/55/985-S/2001/574.Google Scholar
General Assembly, 66th Session, ‘The Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction’, Report of the Secretary-General, 20 June 2011, UN Doc. A/66/93.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch, ‘The Case Against Hissène Habré, an “African Pinochet”’, available at: www.hrw.org/en/habre-case.Google Scholar
Institut de Droit International, ‘Universal Criminal Jurisdiction with Regard to the Crime of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes’ (Resolution adopted 26 August 2005), available at: www.idi-iil.org.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Paper on Some Policy Issues before the Office of the Prosecutor’, August 2003, The Hague.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations’, November 2013, The Hague.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Summary Records of the 2378th to 2425th Meetings’, Yb ILC (1995), vol. I.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Commentary to the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind’, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Yb ILC (1996), vol. II(2), 15.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction: Memorandum by the Secretariat’, 31 March 2008, UN Doc. A/CN.4/596.Google Scholar
ILC, ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Sixty-Sixth Session’, 5 May–6 June and 7 July–8 August 2014, UN Doc. A/69/10.Google Scholar
Princeton Project on Universal Jurisdiction, ‘The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction’, available at: http://lapa.princeton.edu/hosteddocs/unive_jur.pdf.Google Scholar
Statement by Harold Hongju Koh at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court, ICC Review Conference, 4 June 2010, available at: www.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/142665.htm.Google Scholar
‘The Cairo – Arusha Principles On Universal Jurisdiction in Respect of Gross Human Rights Offences: An African Perspective’ (Accra: Africa Legal Aid, 2002).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Sayapin, S., The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2014).Google Scholar
Schabas, W., The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Bergsmo, M. and Bekou, O., ‘Article, 53’, in Triffterer, O. and Ambos, K. (eds.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3rd edn (Munich: Beck, 2015), 1361–75.Google Scholar
Bergsmo, M., Pejić, J. and Zhu, D., ‘Article 15’, in Triffterer, O. and Ambos, K. (eds.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3rd edn (Munich: Beck, 2015), 714–29.Google Scholar
Bergsmo, M., Pejić, J., and Zhu, D., ‘Article 16’, in Triffterer, O. and Ambos, K. (eds.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3rd edn (Munich: Beck, 2015), 760–70.Google Scholar
Bitti, G., ‘Article 53 – Ouverture d’une enquête’, in Fernandez, J. and Pacreau, X. (eds.), Statut de Rome de la Cour Pénale Internationale, Commentaire Article par Article (Paris: A. Pedone, 2012), 1178–81.Google Scholar
Friman, H., ‘Investigation and Prosecution’, in Lee, R. S. et al. (eds.), The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (New York: Transnational, 2011), 493538.Google Scholar
Krisch, N., ‘Article 39’, in Simma, B., Khan, D.-E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2012), 1272–96.Google Scholar
Barriga, S. and Grover, L., ‘A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression’, American Journal of International Law, 105 (2011), 517–33.Google Scholar
Clark, R. S., ‘Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Considered at the first Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May–11 June 2010’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 689711.Google Scholar
Heinsch, R., ‘The Crime of Aggression after Kampala: Success or Burden for the Future?’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 713–43.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 1179–217.Google Scholar
Politi, M., ‘The ICC and the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 267–88.Google Scholar
Reisinger Coracini, A., ‘The International Criminal Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction Over the Crime of Aggression – at Last … in Reach … Over Some’, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2 (2010), 745–89.Google Scholar
Schmalenbach, K., ‘Das Verbrechen der Aggression vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof’, Juristen Zeitung, 65 (2010), 745–53.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Decision on the ‘Demande d’autorisation aux fins d’appel contre la décision de la Chambre du 11 juin 2014, du refus de participation au stade préliminaire’, ICC-02/11-02/11-113 (OA), 7 August 2014, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/d920d6.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Presiding Judge of the Appeals Chamber in the appeal of the Defence for Mr Abdullah Al-Senussi against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s ‘Decision on the admissibility of the case against Abdullah Al-Senussi’, ICC-01/11-01/11-470 (OA6), 25 October 2013, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/3dff4a.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Separate Opinion of Judge Nsereko, Decision on the Admissibility of the ‘Appeal Against Decision on Application Under Rule 103’ of Ms Mishana Hosseinioun of 7 February 2012, ICC-01/11-01/11-74 (OA), 9 March 2012, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/3bf35a.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the Appeal of the Prosecutor against the ‘Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir’, ICC-02/05-01/09-73 (OA), 3 February 2010, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/9ada8e.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the Appeal of the Republic of Kenya against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber II of 30 May 2011 entitled ‘Decision on the Application by the Government of Kenya Challenging the Admissibility of the Case Pursuant to Article 19(2)(b) of the Statute’, ICC-01/09-02/11-274 (OA), 30 August 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/c21f06.Google Scholar
Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Presiding Judge of the Appeals Chamber in the appeal of the Prosecutor pursuant to the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I of 24 June 2009, ICC-02/05-01/09-26-RSC (OA), 10 July 2009, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/eb8687.Google Scholar
Office of the Prosecutor, Request for Authorisation of an Investigation Pursuant to Article 15, ICC-02/11-3, 23 June 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/0059a0.Google Scholar
Presidency, Decision Replacing Two Judges in Trial Chamber II, ICC-01/04-01/07-3468, 16 April 2014, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/092509.Google Scholar
Presidency, Decision Replacing a Judge in Trial Chamber IV, ICC-02/05-03/09-308, 16 March 2012, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/08c261.Google Scholar
Presidency, Decision Constituting Pre-Trial Chamber III and Re-assigning the Situation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, ICC-02/11-2, 22 June 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/b8d810.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the ‘Defence Request to Amend the Document Containing the Charges for Violation of the Rule of Specialty’, ICC-02/11-02/11-151, 11 September 2014, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/819a98.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the ‘Defence Challenge to the Jurisdiction of the Court’, ICC-01/04-01/10-451, 26 October 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/864f9b.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber I, Public Redacted Version – Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, ICC-01/04-101-tENG-Corr, 17 January 2006, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/2fe2fc.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision on the ‘Request for Review of the Prosecutor’s Decision of 23 April 2014 not to open a Preliminary Examination concerning Alleged Crimes Committed in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the Registrar’s Decision of 25 April 2014’, ICC-RoC46(3)-01/14-3, 12 September 2014, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/bfbb8f.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision on Victims’ Participation in Proceedings Related to the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09-24, 3 November 2010, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/0e64a3.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorisation of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09-19-Corr, 31 March 2010, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/f0caaf.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision Requesting Clarification and Additional Information, ICC-01/09-15, 18 February 2010, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/df9549.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Order to the Victims Participation and Reparation Section Concerning Victims’ Representations Pursuant to Article 15(3) of the Statute, ICC-01/09-4, 10 December 2009, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/908205.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision on Victims’ Applications for Participation a/0010/06, a/0064/06 to a/0070/06, a/0081/06 to a/0104/06 and a/0111/06 to a/0127/06, ICC-02/04-101, 10 August 2007, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/8f9181.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber III, Corrigendum to ‘Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorisation of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire’, ICC-02/11-14-Corr, 15 November 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/e0c0eb.Google Scholar
Pre-Trial Chamber III, Order to the Victims Participation and Reparation Section Concerning Victims’ Representations Pursuant to Article 15(3) of the Statute, ICC-02/11-6, 6 July 2011, available at: www.legal-tools.org/doc/45f4fd.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 411 (1977) concerning Mozambique and Southern Rhodesia, 30 June 1977, UN Doc. S/RES/411.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 2 August 1990, UN Doc. S/RES/660.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1422 (2002) concerning United Nations peacekeeping, 12 July 2002, UN Doc. S/RES/1422.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1487 (2002) concerning United Nations peacekeeping, 12 June 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1487.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1497 (2003) concerning Liberia, 1 August 2003, UN Doc. S/RES/1497.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 1593 (2005) concerning Sudan, 31 March 2005, UN Doc. S/RES/1593.Google Scholar
Security Council, Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning peace and security in Africa, 26 February 2011, UN Doc. S/RES/1970.Google Scholar
McCarthy, C., Reparations and Victim Support in the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
McDougall, C., The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Pikis, G. M., The Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court: Analysis of the Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, the Regulations of the Court and Supplementary Instruments (Leiden: Brill/Martinus Nijhoff, 2010).Google Scholar
Sayapin, S., The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law: Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2014).Google Scholar
Schabas, W. A., An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Shelton, D., Remedies in International Human Rights Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Barriga, S., ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the Crime of Aggression’, in Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 357.Google Scholar
Broomhall, B., ‘Commentary on Article 51: Rules of Procedure and Evidence’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article by Article, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 1033–52.Google Scholar
Donat-Cattin, D., ‘Commentary on Article 75: Reparations to Victims’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article by Article, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 13991412.Google Scholar
Eckelmans, F., ‘The ICC’s Practice on Victim Participation’, in Bonacker, T. and Safferling, C. (eds.), Victims of International Crimes: An Interdisciplinary Discourse (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2013), 189222.Google Scholar
Fernández de Gurmendi, F., ‘Definition of Victims and General Principles’, in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court, Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2001), 427–34.Google Scholar
Fernández de Gurmendi, F., ‘Final Reflection: The Challenges of the International Criminal Court’, in Olasolo, H. (ed.), Essays on International Criminal Justice (Oxford: Hart, 2012), 194–98.Google Scholar
Gowlland-Debbas, V., ‘Some Remarks on Compensation for War Damages under Jus Ad Bellum’, in de Guttry, A., Venturini, G. and Post, H. H. G. (eds.), The 1998–2000 War between Eritrea and Ethiopia (The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, 2009), 435–48.Google Scholar
Jennings, M., ‘Commentary on Article 79: Trust Fund for Victims’, in Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article by Article, 2nd edn (Munich: Beck, 2008), 1439–42.Google Scholar
Koutroulis, V., ‘Use of Force in Arbitrations and Fact-Finding Reports’, in Weller, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2015), 605–26.Google Scholar
Olasolo, H. and Kiss, A., ‘Victims Participation According to the Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court’, in Olasolo, H. (ed.), Essays on International Criminal Justice (Oxford: Hart, 2012), 143–75.Google Scholar
Bassiouni, M. C., ‘International Recognition of Victims’ Rights’, Human Rights Law Review, 6 (2006), 203–79.Google Scholar
Boeving, J. N., ‘Aggression, International Law and the ICC: An Argument for the Withdrawal of Aggression from the Rome Statute’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 43 (2004–5), 557611.Google Scholar
Creegan, E., ‘Justified Uses of Force and the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 5982.Google Scholar
Friman, H., ‘The International Criminal Court and Participation of Victims: A Third Party to the Proceedings?’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 22 (2009), 485500.Google Scholar
Greenwood, C., ‘The Relationship between Ius ad Bellum and Ius in Bello’, Review of International Studies, 9 (1983), 221–34.Google Scholar
Kretzmer, D., ‘Targeted Killings of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence?’, European Journal of International Law, 16 (2005), 171212.Google Scholar
Kreß, C. and von Holtzendorff, L., ‘The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 1179–217.Google Scholar
Mallinder, L., ‘Can Amnesties and International Justice be Reconciled?’, International Journal of Transitional Justice, 1 (2007), 208–30.Google Scholar
McCarthy, C., ‘Victim Redress and International Criminal Justice: Competing Paradigms, or Compatible Forms of Justice?’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 351–72.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, D., ‘Settling Accounts Revisited: Reconciling Global Norms and Local Agency’, International Journal of Transitional Justice, 1 (2007), 1022.Google Scholar
Roberts, A., ‘The Equal Application of the Laws of War: A Principle under Pressure’, International Review of the Red Cross, 90(872) (2008), 931–62.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, F., ‘Individual Civil Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 249–65.Google Scholar
Sellars, K., ‘Delegitimizing Aggression: First Steps and False Starts after the First World War’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 740.Google Scholar
Stahn, C., ‘The “End”, the “Beginning of the End” or the “End of the Beginning”? Introducing Debates and Voices on the Definition of “Aggression”’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), 875–82.Google Scholar
Trahan, J., ‘The Rome Statute’s Amendment on the Crime of Aggression: Negotiations at the Kampala Review Conference’, International Criminal Law Review, 11 (2011), 49104.Google Scholar
von Braun, L. and Micus, A., ‘Judicial Independence at Risk: Critical Issues regarding the Crime of Aggression Raised by Selected Human Rights Organizations’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 111–32.Google Scholar
Zegveld, L., ‘Victims’ Reparations Claims and International Criminal Courts’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8 (2010), 79111.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), ICJ Reports (2005), 116.Google Scholar
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1996), 226.Google Scholar
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2004), 136.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Hearing on the Confirmation of the Charges, ICC-02/05-03/09-89, 29 October 2010.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Fourth Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/05-01/08, 12 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Decision (i) ruling on legal representatives’ applications to question Witness 33 and (ii) setting a schedule for the filing of submissions in relation to future applications to question witnesses, ICC-01/05-01/08-1729, 9 September 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Decision on the Set of Procedural Rights Attached to Procedural Status of Victim at the Pre-Trial Stage of the Case, ICC-01/04-01/07, 13 May 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Grounds for the Decision on the 345 Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by Victims, ICC-01/04-01/07-1491-Red-tENG, 23 September 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Decision on Victims’ Participation and Victims’ Common Legal Representation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-138, 4 June 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Second Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-384, 6 February 2013.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by VPRS 1 to VPRS 6 in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06-172, 29 June 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/04-01/06-1119, 18 January 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision on Victims’ Participation of 18 January 2008, ICC-01/04-01/06-1432, 10 July 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Annex 1 Decision on the Applications by Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-1556-Corr-Anx1, 15 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of ‘Decision on “Indirect Victims”’, ICC-01/04-01/06-1813, 8 April 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of the Corrigendum of Decision on the Applications by 15 Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-2659-Corr-Red, 8 February 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Sentence Pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2901, 10 July 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations, ICC-01/04-01/06-2904, 7 August 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals Against the “Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED Order for Reparations (Annex A) and Public Annexes 1 and 2, ICC-01/04-01/06-3129, 3 March 2015.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Muthaura et al., Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-01/09-02/11-267, 26 August 2011.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, ICC-01/04-101-tEN-Corr, 17 January 2006.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Corrigendum to the ‘Decision on the Applications for Participation Filed in Connection with the Investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, ICC-1/04-423-Corr, 31 January 2008.Google Scholar
Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Order to the VPRS Concerning Victims’ Representations Pursuant to Article 15(3) of the Statute, ICC-01/09-4, 10 December 2009.Google Scholar
Situation in Uganda, Decision on Victims’ Applications for Participation a/0010/06, a/0064/06 to a/0070/06, a/0081/06 to a/0104/06 and a/0111/06 to a/0127/06, ICC-02/04, 10 August 2007.Google Scholar
Al-Skeini and Others v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 55721/07, ECHR 2011.Google Scholar
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission, Final Award between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the State of Eritrea, Ethiopia’s Damages Claims, 17 August 2009.Google Scholar
Hassan v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 29750/09, ECHR 2014.Google Scholar
United Nations Claims Commission, Governing Council Decision 1, Criteria for Expedited Processing of Urgent Claims, UN Doc. S/AC.26/1991/1, 2 August 1991.Google Scholar
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), ICJ Reports (2005), 116.Google Scholar
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1996), 226.Google Scholar
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2004), 136.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Hearing on the Confirmation of the Charges, ICC-02/05-03/09-89, 29 October 2010.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Fourth Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/05-01/08, 12 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Decision (i) ruling on legal representatives’ applications to question Witness 33 and (ii) setting a schedule for the filing of submissions in relation to future applications to question witnesses, ICC-01/05-01/08-1729, 9 September 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Decision on the Set of Procedural Rights Attached to Procedural Status of Victim at the Pre-Trial Stage of the Case, ICC-01/04-01/07, 13 May 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Grounds for the Decision on the 345 Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by Victims, ICC-01/04-01/07-1491-Red-tENG, 23 September 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Decision on Victims’ Participation and Victims’ Common Legal Representation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-138, 4 June 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Second Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-384, 6 February 2013.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by VPRS 1 to VPRS 6 in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06-172, 29 June 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/04-01/06-1119, 18 January 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision on Victims’ Participation of 18 January 2008, ICC-01/04-01/06-1432, 10 July 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Annex 1 Decision on the Applications by Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-1556-Corr-Anx1, 15 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of ‘Decision on “Indirect Victims”’, ICC-01/04-01/06-1813, 8 April 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of the Corrigendum of Decision on the Applications by 15 Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-2659-Corr-Red, 8 February 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Sentence Pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2901, 10 July 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations, ICC-01/04-01/06-2904, 7 August 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals Against the “Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED Order for Reparations (Annex A) and Public Annexes 1 and 2, ICC-01/04-01/06-3129, 3 March 2015.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Muthaura et al., Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-01/09-02/11-267, 26 August 2011.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, ICC-01/04-101-tEN-Corr, 17 January 2006.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Corrigendum to the ‘Decision on the Applications for Participation Filed in Connection with the Investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, ICC-1/04-423-Corr, 31 January 2008.Google Scholar
Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Order to the VPRS Concerning Victims’ Representations Pursuant to Article 15(3) of the Statute, ICC-01/09-4, 10 December 2009.Google Scholar
Situation in Uganda, Decision on Victims’ Applications for Participation a/0010/06, a/0064/06 to a/0070/06, a/0081/06 to a/0104/06 and a/0111/06 to a/0127/06, ICC-02/04, 10 August 2007.Google Scholar
Al-Skeini and Others v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 55721/07, ECHR 2011.Google Scholar
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission, Final Award between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the State of Eritrea, Ethiopia’s Damages Claims, 17 August 2009.Google Scholar
Hassan v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 29750/09, ECHR 2014.Google Scholar
United Nations Claims Commission, Governing Council Decision 1, Criteria for Expedited Processing of Urgent Claims, UN Doc. S/AC.26/1991/1, 2 August 1991.Google Scholar
General Assembly, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A/RES/60/147.Google Scholar
General Assembly, Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A/RES/40/34.Google Scholar
ICTR, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 29 June 1995), as amended 10 April 2013.Google Scholar
ICTY, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 11 February 1994), as amended 22 May 2013.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, General Assembly, 61st Session. [Provisional Verbatim Record], Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10), 2006.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), 2001.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, D., ‘Impunity: Report of the Independent Expert to Update the Set of Principles to Combat Impunity: Addendum’, E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1., 2005.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 3 April 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/687.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 692 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 20 May 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/692.Google Scholar
UN Human Rights Committee, ‘General Comment 29: States of Emergency’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11, 2001.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, ‘Report of the Bureau on Stocktaking: The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, ICC-ASP/8/49, 18 March 2010.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.7 Establishment of the Secretariat of the Trust Fund for Victims (adopted 10 September 2004).Google Scholar
Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, ICC-ASP/4/Res.3 (adopted 3 December 2005).Google Scholar
Review Conference of the Rome Statute, ‘The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, RC/ST/V/INF.4, 30 May 2010.Google Scholar
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (adopted 17 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986), CAB/LEG/67/3 rev.5.Google Scholar
American Convention on Human Rights (adopted 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978), OEA/Ser. L/V/II.Google Scholar
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987), 1465 UNTS 85.Google Scholar
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights as Amended by Protocols 11 and 14 (adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953), ETS 5.Google Scholar
International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance (adopted 20 December 2006, entered into force 23 December 2010), 2716 UNTS 3.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976), 999 UNTS 171.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.Google Scholar
African Union, Decision on the Report of the Commission on the Meeting of African States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal, Doc. Assembly/AU/13 (XIII) 3, Assembly/AU/Dec. 245(XIII).Google Scholar
Agreement between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea, 12 December 2000.Google Scholar
Amnesty International, ‘International Criminal Court: Making the Right Choices at the Review Conference’, 2010.Google Scholar
Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘Report on the First Review Conference on the Rome Statute’, 2010.Google Scholar
Ferencz, B., ‘Illegal Armed Force as a Crime against Humanity’, available at: http://crimeofaggression.info/documents/5/Ferencz_B_Illegal_Armed_Force.pdf, last accessed 28 September 2014.Google Scholar
Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law, vol. 1: Rules (ICRC, Cambridge University Press, 2005), available at: www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1.Google Scholar
International Seminar on Victim’s Access to the ICC, Paris, 27–29 April 1999, UN Doc. PCNICC/1999/INF/2 and PCNICC/1999/L.5/Add.1.Google Scholar
Johnson, W. and Lee, D. (eds.), US Operational Law Handbook 2014 (Charlottesville, VA: International and Operational Law Department, Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, 2014).Google Scholar
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany (signed 28 June 1919, entered into force 10 January 1920), in Parry, C. (ed.), Consolidated Treaty Series, vol. CCXXV (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1969–81).Google Scholar
General Assembly, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A/RES/60/147.Google Scholar
General Assembly, Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A/RES/40/34.Google Scholar
ICTR, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 29 June 1995), as amended 10 April 2013.Google Scholar
ICTY, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 11 February 1994), as amended 22 May 2013.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, General Assembly, 61st Session. [Provisional Verbatim Record], Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10), 2006.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), 2001.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, D., ‘Impunity: Report of the Independent Expert to Update the Set of Principles to Combat Impunity: Addendum’, E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1., 2005.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 3 April 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/687.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 692 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 20 May 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/692.Google Scholar
UN Human Rights Committee, ‘General Comment 29: States of Emergency’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11, 2001.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, ‘Report of the Bureau on Stocktaking: The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, ICC-ASP/8/49, 18 March 2010.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.7 Establishment of the Secretariat of the Trust Fund for Victims (adopted 10 September 2004).Google Scholar
Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, ICC-ASP/4/Res.3 (adopted 3 December 2005).Google Scholar
Review Conference of the Rome Statute, ‘The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, RC/ST/V/INF.4, 30 May 2010.Google Scholar
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (adopted 17 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986), CAB/LEG/67/3 rev.5.Google Scholar
American Convention on Human Rights (adopted 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978), OEA/Ser. L/V/II.Google Scholar
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987), 1465 UNTS 85.Google Scholar
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights as Amended by Protocols 11 and 14 (adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953), ETS 5.Google Scholar
International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance (adopted 20 December 2006, entered into force 23 December 2010), 2716 UNTS 3.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976), 999 UNTS 171.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.Google Scholar
African Union, Decision on the Report of the Commission on the Meeting of African States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal, Doc. Assembly/AU/13 (XIII) 3, Assembly/AU/Dec. 245(XIII).Google Scholar
Agreement between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea, 12 December 2000.Google Scholar
Amnesty International, ‘International Criminal Court: Making the Right Choices at the Review Conference’, 2010.Google Scholar
Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘Report on the First Review Conference on the Rome Statute’, 2010.Google Scholar
Ferencz, B., ‘Illegal Armed Force as a Crime against Humanity’, available at: http://crimeofaggression.info/documents/5/Ferencz_B_Illegal_Armed_Force.pdf, last accessed 28 September 2014.Google Scholar
Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law, vol. 1: Rules (ICRC, Cambridge University Press, 2005), available at: www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1.Google Scholar
International Seminar on Victim’s Access to the ICC, Paris, 27–29 April 1999, UN Doc. PCNICC/1999/INF/2 and PCNICC/1999/L.5/Add.1.Google Scholar
Johnson, W. and Lee, D. (eds.), US Operational Law Handbook 2014 (Charlottesville, VA: International and Operational Law Department, Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, 2014).Google Scholar
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany (signed 28 June 1919, entered into force 10 January 1920), in Parry, C. (ed.), Consolidated Treaty Series, vol. CCXXV (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1969–81).Google Scholar
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), ICJ Reports (2005), 116.Google Scholar
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1996), 226.Google Scholar
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2004), 136.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Hearing on the Confirmation of the Charges, ICC-02/05-03/09-89, 29 October 2010.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Fourth Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/05-01/08, 12 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Decision (i) ruling on legal representatives’ applications to question Witness 33 and (ii) setting a schedule for the filing of submissions in relation to future applications to question witnesses, ICC-01/05-01/08-1729, 9 September 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Decision on the Set of Procedural Rights Attached to Procedural Status of Victim at the Pre-Trial Stage of the Case, ICC-01/04-01/07, 13 May 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Katanga/Chui, Grounds for the Decision on the 345 Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by Victims, ICC-01/04-01/07-1491-Red-tENG, 23 September 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Decision on Victims’ Participation and Victims’ Common Legal Representation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-138, 4 June 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Second Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-02/11-01/11-384, 6 February 2013.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings Submitted by VPRS 1 to VPRS 6 in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06-172, 29 June 2006.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Victims’ Participation, ICC-01/04-01/06-1119, 18 January 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision on Victims’ Participation of 18 January 2008, ICC-01/04-01/06-1432, 10 July 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Annex 1 Decision on the Applications by Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-1556-Corr-Anx1, 15 December 2008.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of ‘Decision on “Indirect Victims”’, ICC-01/04-01/06-1813, 8 April 2009.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Redacted Version of the Corrigendum of Decision on the Applications by 15 Victims to Participate in the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-2659-Corr-Red, 8 February 2011.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on Sentence Pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2901, 10 July 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations, ICC-01/04-01/06-2904, 7 August 2012.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeals Against the “Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED Order for Reparations (Annex A) and Public Annexes 1 and 2, ICC-01/04-01/06-3129, 3 March 2015.Google Scholar
Prosecutor v. Muthaura et al., Decision on Victims’ Participation at the Confirmation of Charges Hearing and in the Related Proceedings, ICC-01/09-02/11-267, 26 August 2011.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, ICC-01/04-101-tEN-Corr, 17 January 2006.Google Scholar
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Corrigendum to the ‘Decision on the Applications for Participation Filed in Connection with the Investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, ICC-1/04-423-Corr, 31 January 2008.Google Scholar
Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Order to the VPRS Concerning Victims’ Representations Pursuant to Article 15(3) of the Statute, ICC-01/09-4, 10 December 2009.Google Scholar
Situation in Uganda, Decision on Victims’ Applications for Participation a/0010/06, a/0064/06 to a/0070/06, a/0081/06 to a/0104/06 and a/0111/06 to a/0127/06, ICC-02/04, 10 August 2007.Google Scholar
Al-Skeini and Others v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 55721/07, ECHR 2011.Google Scholar
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission, Final Award between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the State of Eritrea, Ethiopia’s Damages Claims, 17 August 2009.Google Scholar
Hassan v. United Kingdom [GC], No. 29750/09, ECHR 2014.Google Scholar
United Nations Claims Commission, Governing Council Decision 1, Criteria for Expedited Processing of Urgent Claims, UN Doc. S/AC.26/1991/1, 2 August 1991.Google Scholar
General Assembly, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A/RES/60/147.Google Scholar
General Assembly, Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A/RES/40/34.Google Scholar
ICTR, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 29 June 1995), as amended 10 April 2013.Google Scholar
ICTY, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (adopted 11 February 1994), as amended 22 May 2013.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, General Assembly, 61st Session. [Provisional Verbatim Record], Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10), 2006.Google Scholar
ILC, Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), 2001.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, D., ‘Impunity: Report of the Independent Expert to Update the Set of Principles to Combat Impunity: Addendum’, E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1., 2005.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 3 April 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/687.Google Scholar
Security Council Resolution 692 (1991) concerning Iraq and Kuwait, 20 May 1991, UN Doc. S/RES/692.Google Scholar
UN Human Rights Committee, ‘General Comment 29: States of Emergency’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11, 2001.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, ‘Report of the Bureau on Stocktaking: The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, ICC-ASP/8/49, 18 March 2010.Google Scholar
Assembly of States Parties, Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.7 Establishment of the Secretariat of the Trust Fund for Victims (adopted 10 September 2004).Google Scholar
Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, ICC-ASP/4/Res.3 (adopted 3 December 2005).Google Scholar
Review Conference of the Rome Statute, ‘The Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, RC/ST/V/INF.4, 30 May 2010.Google Scholar
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (adopted 17 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986), CAB/LEG/67/3 rev.5.Google Scholar
American Convention on Human Rights (adopted 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978), OEA/Ser. L/V/II.Google Scholar
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987), 1465 UNTS 85.Google Scholar
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights as Amended by Protocols 11 and 14 (adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953), ETS 5.Google Scholar
International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance (adopted 20 December 2006, entered into force 23 December 2010), 2716 UNTS 3.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976), 999 UNTS 171.Google Scholar
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.Google Scholar
African Union, Decision on the Report of the Commission on the Meeting of African States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal, Doc. Assembly/AU/13 (XIII) 3, Assembly/AU/Dec. 245(XIII).Google Scholar
Agreement between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea, 12 December 2000.Google Scholar
Amnesty International, ‘International Criminal Court: Making the Right Choices at the Review Conference’, 2010.Google Scholar
Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘Report on the First Review Conference on the Rome Statute’, 2010.Google Scholar
Ferencz, B., ‘Illegal Armed Force as a Crime against Humanity’, available at: http://crimeofaggression.info/documents/5/Ferencz_B_Illegal_Armed_Force.pdf, last accessed 28 September 2014.Google Scholar
Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law, vol. 1: Rules (ICRC, Cambridge University Press, 2005), available at: www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1.Google Scholar
International Seminar on Victim’s Access to the ICC, Paris, 27–29 April 1999, UN Doc. PCNICC/1999/INF/2 and PCNICC/1999/L.5/Add.1.Google Scholar
Johnson, W. and Lee, D. (eds.), US Operational Law Handbook 2014 (Charlottesville, VA: International and Operational Law Department, Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, 2014).Google Scholar
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany (signed 28 June 1919, entered into force 10 January 1920), in Parry, C. (ed.), Consolidated Treaty Series, vol. CCXXV (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1969–81).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×