Abbreviations

a.c.i.

accusativus cum infinitivo (accusative and infinitive)

ACC

accusative

AdvP

adverb phrase

AmE

American English

ARCHER

A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers

AusE

Australian English

AUX, Aux

auxiliary verb

BNC

British National Corpus

BrE

British English

C

complementizer

C

consonant

CC

Corpus of Changes

CED

A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760

CEEC and CEEC-400

Corpus of Early English Correspondence 1998

CEECE

Corpus of Early English Correspondence Extension

CEECS

Corpus of Early English Correspondence Sampler

CEECSU

Corpus of Early English Correspondence Supplement

CEEM

Corpus of Early English Medical Writing

CEN

Corpus of English Novels

CENZE

Corpus of Early New Zealand English

CHELAR

Corpus of Historical English Law Reports

CIE

Corpus of Irish English

CLMET

Corpus of Late Modern English Texts

CLMET3.0

Corpus of Late Modern English Texts, version 3.0

CLMETEV

Corpus of Late Modern English Texts, Extended Version

CMEPV

Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse

COCA

Corpus of Contemporary American English

COHA

Corpus of Historical American English

CONCE

A Corpus of Nineteenth-Century English

CoNE

Corpus of Narrative Etymologies

CONTE-pC

Corpus of Early Ontario English, pre-Confederation Section

COOEE

Corpus of Oz Early English

COPC

Century of Prose Corpus

CoRD

Corpus Resource Database

CORIECOR

Corpus of Irish English Correspondence

CP

complementizer phrase

CSC

Corpus of Scottish Correspondence

DAT, Dat.

dative

DCPSE

Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English

DECL

Digital Editions for Corpus Linguistics

DECTE

Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English

DIMEV

Digital Edition of the Index of Middle English Verse

DO

direct object

DOE

Dictionary of Old English

DOEC

Dictionary of Old English Corpus

ECCO

Eighteenth Century Collections Online

ECEG

Eighteenth-Century English Grammars database

EEBO

Early English Books Online

EETS

Early English Text Society

EFL

English as a Foreign Language

eLALME

An Electronic Version of A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English

E-Language

external language

EME

Early Middle English

EMEDD

Early Modern English Dictionaries Database

EMEMT

Early Modern English Medical Texts

EModE

Early Modern English

ENL

English as a Native Language

EPP

feature responsible for movement

ESL

English as a Second Language

ESTC

English Short Title Catalogue [British Library]

ETED

An Electronic Text Edition of Depositions 1560–1760

F

foot

Fin

finite

F-LOB

Freiburg–LOB Corpus of British English

Frown

Freiburg–Brown Corpus of American English

H

heavy

HC

Helsinki Corpus of English Texts

HCOS

Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots

HTE

Historical Thesaurus of English

I

inflection

ICE

International Corpus of English – ICE-Phil (Philippines component), ICE-Sing (Singapore component), ICE-Ind (Indian component), ICE-FJ (Fiji component), ICE-GB International Corpus of English (British component)

Icel.

Icelandic

IE

Indo-European

I-Language

internal language

IndE

Indian English

IO

indirect object

IP

inflection phrase

ISIE

iterative sequential interval estimation

L

light

LAD

Language Acquisition Device

LAEME

A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150–1325

LALME

A Linguistic Atlas of Mediaeval English

LAOS

A Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots

LC

Lampeter Corpus of Early Modern English Tracts

LEME

Lexicons of Early Modern English

LION

Literature Online

LLC

London–Lund Corpus of Spoken English

LMEMT

Late Modern English Medical Texts

LModE

Late Modern English

LOB

Lancaster–Oslo/Bergen Corpus

LP

linguistic profile

M

modal

ME

Middle English

MED

Middle English Dictionary

MEG-C

Middle English Grammar Corpus

MEMT

Middle English Medical Texts

MESTA

Middle English Scribal Texts Archive

ModE

Modern English

MV

main verb

N

noun

NE

North-east

NECTE

Newcastle Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English

NELS

North East Linguistic Society

NP

noun phrase

NW

North-west

NZE

New Zealand English

O

object

OBC

Old Bailey Corpus

OBP

Online Books Page

OCR

Optical Character Recognition

OE

Old English

OED

Oxford English Dictionary

OFr

Old French

ONZE

Origins of New Zealand English

OV

Object–Verb

P

phrase

P&P

Principles and Parameters

PCEEC

Parsed Corpus of Early English Correspondence

PDE

Present-day English

PhilE

Philippine English

PLD

primary linguistic data

POS

part-of-speech

PP

past participle

PPCEME

Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English

PPCME2

Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, second edition

Prep

preposition

PrepP

prepositional phrase

PrG

Proto-Germanic

PrP

present participle

RP

Received Pronunciation

S

sentence

S

strong, i.e. stressed

S

subject

SC

Salamanca Corpus: Digital Archive of English Dialect Texts

SED

Survey of English Dialects

sg

singular

SingE

Singaporean English

SNA

social network analysis

Sociopragmatic Corpus

Sociopragmatic Corpus, a Specialized Sub-section of A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760

SOV

Subject–Object–Verb

SV

Subject–Verb

SVO

Subject–Verb–Object

T

tense

T

tu (second-person singular)

TCP

Text Creation Partnership

TOE

A Thesaurus of Old English

Top

topic

UG

Universal Grammar

v

light verb

V

verb

V

vous (second-person plural)

V

vowel

V2

verb second

Vi

intransitive verb

VNC

variability-based neighbour clustering

VO

Verb–Object

VP

verb phrase

Vt

transitive verb

W

weak

WebCorp

Synchronic English Web Corpus

WOLD

World Loanword Database

YCOE

York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose

ZEN

Zurich English Newspaper Corpus