The United Kingdom has a parliamentary system of government. A party achieving an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons is invited to form the government. The House of Lords is the second chamber of Parliament. This chapter addresses what the House presently does and who fulfils the work, that is, the membership. The House seeks to add value to the political process, including by carrying out work that the Commons may not have the time, the political will, or the resources to fulfil. The three most significant are legislative scrutiny, calling government to account, and debate. In order to give shape to the debate, four approaches to reform are identified: the four Rs of retain (keep the House as an appointed chamber), reform (have a minority of members elected), replace (have most or all members elected), and remove altogether (abolish the House and have a unicameral Parliament).