The case for replacing the House of Lords with an elected chamber, or simply abolishing it, derives from seeing the House as illegitimate. Some politicians and commentators have proposed replacing the existing House not with a body of elected members, but with members selected at random or drawn from functional interests. This chapter focuses primarily on the case advanced for election. There are two dimensions to the argument for replacing the House of Lords with an elected chamber. The first emphasises what is wrong with the House and the other focuses on the merits of election. Advocates of replacement thus focus on input legitimacy. They believe that the functions of the House of Lords are appropriate, and have no wish to change them. Rather, they see an elected chamber as a body that would not so much challenge these functions as enable them to be fulfilled more effectively.