Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 September 2022
Destitution is shaming. Both for the individual and for the society that tolerates it…. Hungry and homeless people who lack any sense of purpose in their lives, who cannot, will not or fear to return to their country of origin ought not to disappear into a murky twilight on the fringe of society. It benefits no one. It has a negative impact on the economy, on public health, on community relations. These ‘invisible people’ need to be brought out of the shadows so that they may be both treated humanely – and enabled to contribute to our society. (Kate Adie, quoted in JRCT, 2007, p 3)
Refused and ‘undocumented’ migrants who do not have permission to reside in the country because they may have overstayed their visa, been refused asylum or entered the country ‘illegally’ are likely to experience destitution. Undocumented migrants do have rights under European and international law but the fact that their entitlement to rights is being questioned poses a threat to human rights within Europe (Geddie, 2009, p 29). It has been suggested that the government is using destitution as a mechanism to send messages about the lack of support to deter asylum seekers and to pressure those who refuse to sign up to voluntary return. See the ‘Still Human Still Here’ campaign at www.stillhumanstillhere.wordpress.com. For those who do sign up to voluntary return (deportation), a roof and some costs towards subsistence are provided. Because refused asylum seekers are denied access to public funds, they are outside of citizenship and the law and their status as ‘undocumented’, ‘sans papiers’, makes them incredibly vulnerable on a number of registers. Lacking in social rights they cannot access health, welfare and support services – their lives are truly lived on the margins of the margins:
Their lack of adequate housing, education, health care and fair working conditions creates a state of extreme poverty and destitution, belying the myth of a socially inclusive Europe. While undocumented migrants constitute a considerable proportion of Europe's migrant population, they have remained invisible to policymakers and there are few social strategies that address their needs. (Geddie, 2009, p 29)
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.