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11 - Plankton: Lagrangian inhabitants of the sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2009

By
Gary L. Hitchcock  and
Robert K. Cowen
Edited by
Annalisa Griffa ,
A. D. Kirwan, Jr. ,
Arthur J. Mariano ,
Tamay Özgökmen  and
H. Thomas Rossby
Gary L. Hitchcock
Affiliation:
Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
Robert K. Cowen
Affiliation:
Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
Annalisa Griffa
Affiliation:
University of Miami
A. D. Kirwan, Jr.
Affiliation:
University of Delaware
Arthur J. Mariano
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Tamay Özgökmen
Affiliation:
University of Miami
H. Thomas Rossby
Affiliation:
University of Rhode Island
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Summary

Introduction

Plankton have inhabited the Earth's oceans for hundreds of millions of years as evidenced by the fossil record. The exterior covering of identifiable dinoflagellates, for example, are well preserved in Mesozoic rock strata. Pelagic diatoms possess siliceous frustules with identifiable species dating from early Cretaceous sediments (see Falkowski et al., 2004). Given the extent of fossil plankton, it is apparent that a drifting mode of life has been a successful means for survival in the sea for much of life's history.

With the importance of plankton in marine ecosystems, it is surprising that biological oceanographers have only recently begun to use drifting, or more formally Lagrangian, techniques. However, as with other aspects of biological oceanography, the Lagrangian ‘tools’ for studying plankton are relatively recent, and have often followed technique development by physical oceanographers and engineers. The main goal of this chapter is to summarize how biological oceanographers have applied Lagrangian and related methods to further our understanding of oceanic plankton distributions and dynamics, as well as biogeochemical processes. Our target audience is physical oceanographers and mathematicians who will hopefully gain some benefit from this exercise, while biological oceanographers may also be encouraged to further consider Lagrangian approaches in their field studies. We include studies on bacterio-, phyto-, zoo-, and ichthyoplankton and discuss the advances made in specific sub-disciplines of biological oceanography through the use of Lagrangian techniques. This review is timely in that new, low power sensors are now being adapted for deployments on a variety of Lagrangian platforms.

Type
Chapter
Information
Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics , pp. 349 - 400
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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