Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 November 2009
It has in the past been argued that the close match between the patterning of Messenian and Spartan victors in the early parts of the Olympic victor list on one hand and traditions about the First Messenian War on the other prove the accuracy of the Olympic victor list. This, of course, presumes that that list was not shaped in accordance with the traditions in question. The most detailed arguments brought forward to justify such a presumption are found in the work of Franz Kiechle. Kiechle claims (1) that when Hippias wrote his Olympionikai, Tyrtaeus F5 (which mentions two separate Messenian Wars) had not yet been used to reconstruct the Messenian Wars and (2) that Hippias believed in only a single Messenian War that dated to the seventh century and thus would not have used the traditions about the Messenian Wars in compiling the portions of the Olympic victor list pertaining to the eighth century. In regard to the number of Messenian Wars, Kiechle points to the account of the founding of Taras given by Antiochus of Syracuse (active in the fifth century, FGrH 555 F13 apud Strabo 6.3.2), in which Antiochus states that the city was settled after the outbreak of the Messenian War. Both Herodotus and Thucydides apparently believed in only a single Messenian War, so it is entirely possible that the same was true of Antiochus (though the views of all three authors on the subject of the Messenian Wars are difficult to discern clearly).
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