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6 - Ductile behavior of polycrystalline ice: experimental data and physical processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2010

Erland M. Schulson  and
Paul Duval
Erland M. Schulson
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Paul Duval
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
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Summary

Introduction

Understanding how polar ice sheets interact with the climatic system is of the highest importance to predict sea-level changes. Ice sheets contain information on the climate and the atmospheric composition over the last 800 000 years (EPICA Community Members, 2004). Interpretation of ice core data is directly dependent on the accuracy of ice sheet flow models used for ice core dating. Knowledge of the rheological properties of ice in the low stress conditions of glaciers and polar ice sheets is therefore needed to improve the constitutive laws that are incorporated in flow models. Due to very high viscoplastic anisotropy of the crystal (Chapter 5), ice is considered as a model material to validate micro-macro polycrystal models used to simulate the behavior of anisotropic viscoplastic materials (Gilormini et al., 2001; Lebensohn et al., 2007).

Ice displays a wide range of mechanical properties, including elasticity, visco-elasticity, viscoplasticity, creep rupture and brittle failure (Schulson, 2001). In glaciers and ice sheets, ice is generally treated as a heat-conducting non-linear viscous fluid.

Ice is assumed here to be incompressible. It will be shown that the main effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ductile behavior of ice is to modify the melting temperature of pure ice Tf with dTf /dP ≈ 0.074 ℃/MPa (Lliboutry, 1971).

In this chapter, we focus the analysis on the mechanical behavior of granular glacier ice. We assume that the behavior is ductile without the formation of cracks.

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Creep and Fracture of Ice , pp. 101 - 152
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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