Antidumping: Overview of the Agreement

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511691577.007

6 - Antidumping: Overview of the Agreement

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 May 2010

David A. Gantz and

Edited by

George A. Bermann and

Petros C. Mavroidis

Show author details

Kyle W. Bagwell: Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
George A. Bermann: Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Petros C. Mavroidis: Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York

Book contents

Get access

Summary

Background

Dumping is generally defined as the act of an exporter selling a product in an export market at a price below that which is charged for the same or comparable merchandise in the home market. Where dumping has the effect of causing injury to the domestic industry in the importing country, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) Antidumping Agreement permit antidumping measures, in the form of increased duties, to counteract or offset the dumping.

In fact, the Contracting Parties to the GATT, as well as the Members of the WTO, have recognized that injurious dumping is “to be condemned.” The reason for such strong language is that, although consumers of dumped products may benefit in the short term from lower prices, dumping sends false market signals about the underlying competitive positions of market participants. As U.S. Assistant Attorney General Samuel Graham put it in 1916:

[G]enerally accepted principles of political economy hold that it is not sound policy for any Government to permit the sale in its country by foreign citizens of material at a price below the cost of production at the place produced, for the reason that such a system, in its final analysis and on a sufficient scale, spells bankruptcy.

Hence, governments use antidumping measures to protect their domestic industries from injury caused by unfair international price discrimination.

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Law and Economics of Contingent Protection in International Trade , pp. 197 - 263

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511691577.007 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Blonigen, B. A. 2002. “Evolving Discretionary Practices of U.S. Antidumping Activity.” Canadian Journal of Economics 39:874–900.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cass, K. E., and Fair, R. C.. 2004. Principles of microeconomics, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Clarida, R. 1993. “Entry, Dumping, and Shakeout.” The American Economic Review 83:180–203.Google Scholar

Hall, R. E., and Lieberman, M.. 2008. Microeconomics: Principles and applications, 4th ed. Mason, OH: Thomsom Southwestern.Google Scholar

Hubbard, R. G., and O'Brien, A. P.. 2008. Microeconomics, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

,U.S. Census Bureau. Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing, Mining, and Trade Corporations. Series QFR-98-3. Washington, DC: GPO, various years. Available at www.census.gov.

Adamantopoulos, K. and Notaris, D., “The Future of the WTO and the Reform of the Anti-Dumping Agreement: A Legal Perspective,” 24 Fordham International Law Journal30 (2000).Google Scholar

Akakwam, P.A., “The Standard of Review in the 1994 Antidumping Code: Circumscribing the Role of GATT Panels in Reviewing National Antidumping Determinations,” 5 Minn. J. Global Trade277 (1996).Google Scholar

Almstedt, K.W., and Norton, P.M., “China's Antidumping Laws & the WTO Antidumping Agreement (Including Comments on China's Early Enforcement of its Antidumping Laws),” 34 Journal of World Trade75 (December 2000).Google Scholar

Beckington, J.S., “The World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Resolution in United States–Antidumping Act of 1916,” 34 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law199 (January 2001).Google Scholar

Berg, Gerald C., “An Economic Interpretation of ‘Like-Product,’” 30 Journal of World Trade195 (April 1996).Google Scholar

Bhala, R., “Rethinking Antidumping Law,” 29 George Washington Journal of International Law & Economics1 (1995).Google Scholar

Blonigen, B.A., and Prusa, T.J., “Antidumping,” in Choi, E.K. and Harrigan, J., eds., Handbook of International Trade, Blackwell (2003).Google Scholar

Boscheck, R., “The Governance of Global Market Relations: The Case of Substituting Antitrust for Antidumping,” 24 World Competition41 (March 2001).CrossRef Google Scholar

Bown, C.P., “Antidumping Against the Backdrop of Disputes in the GATT/WTO System,” Working Paper, Department of Economics, Brandeis University (2000).

Bown, C.P., “Trade Remedies and World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement: Why Are So Few Challenged?” 34 Journal of Legal Studies515 (June 2005).CrossRef Google Scholar

Bown, C.P., Hoekman, B., and Ozden, C., “The Pattern of US Antidumping: The Path from Initial Filing to WTO Dispute Settlement,” 2 World Trade Review349 (November 2003).CrossRef Google Scholar

Brink, G., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in South Africa,” 39 Journal of World Trade147 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Bronckers, M. and McNelis, N., “Rethinking the ‘Like Product’ Definition in WTO Antidumping Law,” 33 Journal of World Trade73 (June 1999).Google Scholar

Bronckers, M.C.E.J., “Rehabilitating Antidumping & Other Trade Remedies Through Cost-Benefit Analyses,” 30 Journal of World Trade5 (April 1996).Google Scholar

Bronckers, M.C.E.J., “WTO Implementation in the European Community – Antidumping, Safeguards and Intellectual Property,” 29 Journal of World Trade73 (1995).Google Scholar

Broude, T., “An Anti-dumping ‘To Be or Not To Be’ in Five Acts: A New Agenda for Research & Reform,” 37 Journal of World Trade305 (April 2003).Google Scholar

Buchs, T.D., “Selected WTO Rules and Some Implications for Fund Policy Advice,” IMF Working Paper: WP/96/23 (1996).

Bundjamin, E., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in Indonesia,” 39 Journal of World Trade125 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Caetano, A., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in Brazil,” 39 Journal of World Trade87 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Cann, W.A. Jr., “Internationalizing Our Views Toward Recoupment & Market Power: Attacking the Antidumping/Antitrust Dichotomy Through WTO-Consistent Global Welfare Theory,” 17 University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law69 (Spring 1996).Google Scholar

Cartland, M., “Antidumping & Competition Policy,” 28 Law & Policy in International Business289 (Fall 1996).Google Scholar

Chung, M.Y., “U.S. Antidumping Laws: A Look at the New Legislation,” 20 North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation495 (Summer 1995).Google Scholar

Clough, M., “Anti-dumping and Jurisprudence of the WTO Panel and Appellate Body Reports (1995–2001),” 7 International Trade Law and Regulation76 (2001).Google Scholar

Conrad, C.A., “Balancing the GATT Antidumping Code,” 22 World Competition123 (June 1999).Google Scholar

Conrad, C.A., “Dumping & Antidumping Measures from a Competition & Allocation Perspective,” 36 Journal of World Trade563 (June 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Corr, C.F., “Trade Protection in the New Millennium: The Ascendancy of Antidumping Measures,” 18 Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business49 (Fall 1997).Google Scholar

Cunningham, R.O., “Commentary on the First Five Years of the WTO Antidumping Agreement and Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures,” 31 Law and Policy in International Business897 (2000).Google Scholar

Czako, J., Human, J., and Miranda, J., A Handbook on Anti-dumping Investigations, Cambridge (2003).CrossRef Google Scholar

Araujo, J.T., Macario, C., and Steinfatt, K., “Antidumping in the Americas,” 35 Journal of World Trade555 (August 2001).Google Scholar

Lima-Campos, A., “Nineteen Proposals to Curb Abuse in Anti-dumping & Countervailing Duty Proceedings.” 39 Journal of World Trade239 (April 2005).Google Scholar

Lima-Campos, A., and Vito, A., “Abuse & Discretion: The Impact of Anti-dumping & Countervailing Duty Proceedings on Brazilian Exports to the United States,” 38 Journal of World Trade37 (February 2004).Google Scholar

Didier, P., “The WTO Anti-dumping Code & EC Practice: Issues for Review in Trade Negotiations,” 35 Journal of World Trade33 (February 2001).CrossRef Google Scholar

DiSalvo, N., “Let's Dump the 1916 Antidumping Act: Why the 1994 GATT Provides Better Price Protection for U.S. Industries,” 37 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law791 (May 2004).Google Scholar

Dohlman, P.A., “Determinations of Adequacy in Sunset Reviews of Antidumping Orders in the United States,” 14 American University International Law Review1281 (1999).Google Scholar

Dong, Y., Xu, H., and Liu, F., “Antidumping & the WTO: Implications for China,” 32 Journal of World Trade19 (February 1998).Google Scholar

Dunn, A.M., contributing author, Dumping, A Comparative Approach, Institute of International Business Law and Practice (1995).Google Scholar

Dunn, A.M., “Antidumping,” in World Trade Organization: Multilateral Trade Framework for the 21st Century and U.S. Implementing Legislation, American Bar Association (1996).Google Scholar

Durling, J.P., “Deference, But Only When Due: WTO Review of Anti-dumping Measures,” 6 Journal of International Economic Law125 (2003).CrossRef Google Scholar

Durling, J.P., and Nicely, M.R., Understanding the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement: Negotiating History and Subsequent Interpretation, Cameron May (May 2002).Google Scholar

Ehrenhaft, P.D., “Is Interface of Antidumping & Antitrust Laws Possible?” 34 George Washington International Law Review363 (2002).Google Scholar

Esch, M.D., and Walsh, D.E., “The Impact of the Uruguay Round Agreements on U.S. Antidumping Laws,” 5 Federal Circuit Bar Journal393 (1995).Google Scholar

Feaver, D., “Threat of Material Injury: One Ingredient in the Witches' Brew,” 20 World Competition91 (September 1996).Google Scholar

Fukunaga, Y., “An ‘Effect-Based’ Approach to Anti-dumping: Why Should We Introduce a “Mandatory Lesser Duty Rule?” 38 Journal of World Trade491 (June 2004).Google Scholar

Gingerich, T., “Why the WTO Should Require the Application of the Evidentiary Threshold Requirement in Antidumping Investigations,” 48 American University Law Review135 (October 1998).Google Scholar

Gong, H., “Legal Strategies for Challenging the Current EU Antidumping Campaign Against Import from China: A Chinese Perspective,” 27 Brooklyn Journal of International Law575 (2002).Google Scholar

Harpaz, G., “‘Dumping’ the Anti-dumping Instruments in the Trade Relations Between the European Union & the State of Israel?–The European Union's Perspective,” 39 Journal of World Trade445 (June 2005) (Note).Google Scholar

Hawkins, Adam C., “Antidumping Beyond the GATT 1994: Supporting International Enactment of Legislation Providing Supplemental Remedies,” 10 Indiana International & Comparative Law Review149 (1999).Google Scholar

Henry, K., “Is the United States the World's Dumping Ground for Steel? Recent Influxes in Steel Imports in the United States, the Effects, and the Possible Remedies,” 25 Houston Journal of International Law381 (Winter 2003).Google Scholar

Hervey, C., “The Byrd Amendment Battle: American Trade Politics at the WTO,” 27 Hastings International & Comparative Law Review131 (Fall 2003).Google Scholar

Hoekman, B.M., and Mavroidis, P.C., “Dumping, Antidumping & Antitrust,” 30 Journal of World Trade27 (February 1996).Google Scholar

Holmer, Alan F., Horlick, Gary N., and Stewart, Terence P., “Enacted and Rejected Amendments to the Antidumping Law: In Implementation or Contravention of the Antidumping Agreement?” The International Lawyer, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Summer, 1995).Google Scholar

Horlick, G., “Antidumping at the Seattle Ministerial: With Tear Gas in My Eyes,” 3 Journal of International Economic Law179 (2000).CrossRef Google Scholar

Horlick, G., and Vermulst, E., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument: An Attempt at Synthesis,” 39 Journal of World Trade67 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Horlick, G.N., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in the United States,” 39 Journal of World Trade169 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Horlick, G.N., and Shea, E.C., “The World Trade Organization Antidumping Agreement,” 29 Journal of World Trade5 (February 1995).Google Scholar

Horlick, G.N., and Sugarman, S.A., “Antidumping Policy as a System of Law,” in Horlick, G., ed., WTO and NAFTA Rules and Dispute Resolution, London (May 2003).Google Scholar

Huang, T.W., “The Gathering Storm of Antidumping Enforcement in China,” 36 Journal of World Trade255 (April 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Hurabiell, M.L., “Protectionism Versus Free Trade: Implementing the GATT Antidumping Agreement in the United States,” 16 University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business567 (Fall 1995) (Note).Google Scholar

Jung, Y., and Lee, S.H., “The Legacy of the Byrd Amendment Controversies: Rethinking the Principle of Good Faith,” 37 Journal of World Trade921 (October 2003).Google Scholar

Keppler, D.M., “The Geneva Steel Co. Decision Raises Concerns in Geneva: Why the 1916 Antidumping Act Violates the WTO Antidumping Agreement,” 32 George Washington Journal of International Law & Economics293 (1999).Google Scholar

Kerr, W.A., and Loppacher, L.J., “Anti-dumping in the Doha Negotiations: Fairy Tales at the World Trade Organization,” 38 Journal of World Trade211 (July 2004).Google Scholar

Killion, M.U., “Quest for Legal Safeguards for Foreign Exporters Under China's Anti Dumping Regime,” 29 North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation417 (Spring 2004).Google Scholar

Kim, J.B., “Currency Conversion in the Anti-dumping Agreement,” 34 Journal of World Trade125 (August 2000).Google Scholar

Kim, J.B., “Fair Price Comparison in the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement: Recent WTO Panel Decisions Against the ‘Zeroing’ Method, 36 Journal of World Trade39 (February 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Klitgaard, T., and Schiele, K., “Free Versus Fair Trade: The Dumping Issue,” 4 Current Issues in Economics & Finance (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) 1 (August 1998).Google Scholar

,Kommerskollegium/National Board of Trade, Sweden, “The Use of Antidumping in Brazil, China, India and South Africa – Rules, Trends and Causes” (February 2005).

Kufuor, K.O., “The Developing Countries and the Shaping of GATT/WTO Antidumping Law,” 32 Journal of World Trade167 (December 1998).Google Scholar

Kumaran, V.L., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in India,” 39 Journal of World Trade115 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Lasagni, A., “Does Country-Targeted Anti-dumping Policy by the EU Create Trade Diversion?” 34 Journal of World Trade137 (August 2000).Google Scholar

Lee, S.Y., and Jun, S.H., “On the Investigation Effects of United States Anti-dumping Petitions,” 38 Journal of World Trade425 (June 2004).Google Scholar

Leycegui, E., and Torre, L.E.R., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in Mexico,” 39 Journal of World Trade137 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Lindsey, B., “The US Antidumping Law: Rhetoric versus Reality,” 34 Journal of World Trade1 (February 2000).CrossRef Google Scholar

Lindsey, B., and Ikenson, D., Reforming the Antidumping Agreement: A Road Map for WTO Negotiations, Cato Institute (2002).Google Scholar

Liu, X., and Vandenbussche, H., “European Union Anti-dumping Cases Against China: An Overview & Future Prospects With Respect to China's World Trade Organization Membership,” 36 Journal of World Trade1125 (December 2002).Google Scholar

Lopez, D.M., “The Continued Dumping & Subsidy Offset Act of 2000: ‘Relief’ for the U.S. Steel Industry; Trouble for the United States in the WTO,” 23 University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law415 (Summer 2002).Google Scholar

Mabile, M.M., and Telep, J.M., “Emerging Customs Issues for Petitioners in Antidumping Countervailing Duty Cases,” 38 International Lawyer89 (Spring 2004).Google Scholar

Macrory, P.F.J., “The Antidumping Agreement,” in Macrory, Patrick F.J., Arthur, E. Appleton, and Plummer, Michael G., eds., The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, Vol. I, at 485, Springer (2005).CrossRef Google Scholar

Maur, J.-C., “Echoing Antidumping Cases: Regulatory Competitors, Imitation & Cascading Protection,” 21 World Competition51 (December 1998).Google Scholar

McClafferty, E.R., “Identifying ‘Level of Trade’ in U.S. Antidumping Law,” 36 Virginia Journal of International Law1021 (1995–96) (Note).Google Scholar

McGee, R.W., “Antidumping Laws, the World Trade Organization and the People's Republic of China,” in Jayachandran, C. and Lin, G., eds., The Managerial Process and Impact of Foreign Investment in Greater China. Advances in Chinese Industrial Studies, Vol. 6., at 141, JAI Press (1999).Google Scholar

Messerlin, P.A., “Should Antidumping Rules be Replaced by National or International Competition Rules?” 18 World Competition37 (March 1995).Google Scholar

Messerlin, P.A., “Competition Policy and Antidumping Reform: An Exercise in Transition,” in Schott, Jeffrey J., ed., The World Trading System : Challenges Ahead, Institute for International Economics (1996).Google Scholar

Miranda, J., “Should Antidumping Laws Be Dumped,” 28 Law & Policy in International Business255 (Fall 1996).Google Scholar

Miranda, J., Torres, R.A., and Ruiz, M., “The International Use of Antidumping: 1987–1997,” 32 Journal of World Trade5 (October 1998).Google Scholar

Monti, G., “When Does Dumping Cause Injury?” 18 World Competition97 (March 1995).Google Scholar

Moore, M.O., “Antidumping Reform in the United State: A Faded Sunset,” 33 Journal of World Trade1 (August 1999).Google Scholar

Moore, M.O., “Department of Commerce Administration of Antidumping Sunset Reviews: A First Assessment,” 36 Journal of World Trade675 (August 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Morgan, C., “Competition Policy & Anti-dumping: Is it Time for A Reality Check?” 30 Journal of World Trade62 (October 1996).Google Scholar

Moulis, D., and Gay, P., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in Australia,” 39 Journal of World Trade75 (February 2005).Google Scholar

“New Battle Lines in the Antidumping War: Recent Movements on the European Fronts,” 31 Journal of World Trade135 (June 1997).

Niels, G., and Kate, A.T., “Trusting Antitrust to Dump Antidumping: Abolishing Antidumping in Free Trade Agreements Without Replacing it with Competition Law,” 31 Journal of World Trade30 (December 1997).Google Scholar

Ohnesorge, J.K.M., “States, Industrial Policies & Antidumping Enforcement in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan,” 3 Buffalo Journal of International Law289 (1996–1997).Google Scholar

Palmeter, D., “United States Implementation of the Uruguay Round Antidumping Code,” 29 Journal of World Trade39 (June 1995).Google Scholar

Palmeter, D., “A Commentary on the WTO Anti-dumping Code,” 30 Journal of World Trade43 (August 1996).Google Scholar

Parker, M.E., “The Impact of a Hyperinflationary Economy on the Determination of Dumping,” 29 Journal of World Trade193 (August 1995).Google Scholar

Pescatore, P., and Stewart, and Stewart, (Stewart, T.P., Dwyer, A.S., and Argenti, E.A., eds.), Handbook of WTO/GATT Dispute Settlement, Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2001– (looseleaf).Google Scholar

Petersmann, E.U., “International Competition Rules for Governments & for Private Business: The Case for Linking Future WTO Negotiations on Investment, Competition & Environmental Rules to Reforms of Anti-dumping Laws,” 30 Journal of World Trade5 (June 1996).Google Scholar

Polouektov, A., “Non-Market Economy Issues in the WTO Anti-dumping Law & Accession Negotiations: Revival of a Two-Tier Membership?” 36 Journal of World Trade1 (February 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Qureshi, A.H., “Drafting Anti-dumping Legislation: Issues & Tips,” 34 Journal of World Trade19 (December 2000).Google Scholar

Regan, D., “Regulatory Purpose and ‘Like Products’ in Article III.4 of the GATT,” 36 Journal of World Trade443 (2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Reich, A., “Institutional & Substantive Reform of the Anti-dumping & Subsidy Agreements–Lessons from as Israeli Experience,” 37 Journal of World Trade1037 (December 2003).Google Scholar

“Rethinking the 1916 Antidumping Act,”110Harvard Law Review1555 (May 1997) (Note).

Rosenthal, P.C., and Vermylen, R.T.C., “The WTO Antidumping and Subsidies Agreements: Did the United States Achieve Its Objectives During the Uruguay Round?” 31 Law and Policy in International Business871 (2000).Google Scholar

Seastrum, E.C., and Getlan, M.S., “The Globalization of International Trade Litigation: AD/CVD Litigation –Which Forum & Which Law?” 26 Brooklyn Journal of International Law893 (2001).Google Scholar

Silberston, A., “Anti-dumping Rules–Time for Change?” 37 Journal of World Trade1063 (December 2003).Google Scholar

Singh, H.V., “Consistency of Estimated Dumping Margins with other Relevant Data,” 19 World Competition121 (June 1996).Google Scholar

Sohn, C., “Treatment of Non-market Economy Countries under the World Trade Organization Anti-dumping Regime,” 39 Journal of World Trade763 (August 2005).Google Scholar

Spamann, H., “Standard of Review for World Trade Organization Panels in Trade Remedy Cases: A Critical Analysis,” 38 Journal World Trade509 (2004).

Steele, K., ed., Anti-dumping under the WTO: A Comparative Review, Kluwer Law International (1996).

Stewart, T.P., “Why Anti-dumping Laws Need Not Be Cloned After Competition Laws Nor Replaced by Such Laws,” Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations Anti-dumping and Competition Policy, Geneva, Switzerland, (July 11–12, 1996).

Stewart, T.P., “The Uruguay Round Agreements Act: An Overview of Major Issues and Potential Trouble Spots,” in The World Trade Organization – The Multilateral Trade Framework for the 21st Century and US Implementing Legislation, ABA Sec. of Int'l Law and Practice (1996).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., “Dealing with the Fallout of Foreign Economic Dislocations Under The Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws,” Georgetown University Law Center's 13th Annual International Trade Update (December 10, 1998).

Stewart, T.P., “U.S.-Japan Economic Disputes: The Role of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws,” 16 Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law689 (1999).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., with the Trade Lawyers Advisory Group, “The Importance of Trade Remedies to the U.S. Trade Relationship with China – Challenges Facing the Use of Antidumping Law: A Critical Period for the Administration and Congressional Action,” A Report to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission (May 16, 2005) (an Updated Report prepared July 20, 2005).

Stewart, T.P., and , T.C.Brightbill, , Some ‘Heretical’ Observations on the Interaction of U.S. Trade and Competition Laws: A Defense of U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duties,” 4 United States–Mexico Law Journal35 (1996).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., and Dwyer, A.S., “WTO Antidumping and Subsidy Agreements: A Practitioner's Guide to Sunset Reviews in Australia, Canada, the European Union, and United States,” Kluwer Law International (July 1998).

Stewart, T.P., and Dwyer, A.S., “Sunset Reviews of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Measures – U.S. Implementation of Uruguay Round Commitments,” 32 Journal of World Trade101 (October 1998).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., and Dwyer, A.S., Handbook on WTO Trade Remedy Disputes: The First Six Years (1995–2000), Transnational Publishers, Inc. (Spring 2001).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., , A.S. Dwyer, and Hein, E.M., “Trends in the Last Decade of Trade Remedy Decisions: Problems and Opportunities for the WTO Dispute Settlement System,” Paper Presented at the ABA International Law Section's Fall Meeting (September 29, 2005).

Stewart, T.P., Dwyer, A.S., McDonough, P.J., Prado, M.M., and Karpel, A.A., Rules in a Rules-Based WTO: Key to Growth; The Challenges Ahead, Transnational Publishers, Inc. (2002).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., Dwyer, A.S., and Prado, M.M., “Antidumping, Countervailing Duties & Trade Remedies: ‘Let's Make a Deal’??–Views From A Domestic Practitioner,” 37 International Lawyer761 (Fall 2003).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., Markel, S.G., and Kerwin, M.T., “Antidumping,” in The GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History (1986–1992), Vol. II, Kluwer Law & Taxation Publishers (1993).Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., McDonough, P.J., and Prado, M.M., “Opportunities in the WTO for Increased Liberalization of Goods: Making Sure the Rules Work for All and That Special Needs Are Addressed,” 24 Fordham International Law Journal, No. 1 (April 2001).Google Scholar

Stirk, J.D., “United States – Anti-dumping Measures On Certain Hot-Rolled Steel Products From Japan: Possibilities And Predictions For Compliance With The Appellate Body Report,” 33 Law & Policy in International Business683 (2002).Google Scholar

Sutham, A.J., Attavipach, P., and Eiamchinda, P., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in Thailand,” 39 Journal of World Trade159 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Tarullo, D.K., “The Hidden Costs of International Dispute Settlement: WTO Review of Domestic Anti-dumping Decisions,” 34 Law & Policy in International Business109 (Fall 2002).Google Scholar

Tarullo, D.K., “Paved With Good Intentions: The Dynamic Effects of WTO Review of Anti-dumping Action,” 2 World Trade Review373 (November 2003).CrossRef Google Scholar

Bael, I., and Bellis, J., Anti-dumping and other Trade Protection Laws of the EC (2004).

Vermulst, E., “Adopting & Implementing Anti-dumping Laws: Some Suggestions for Developing Countries,” 31 Journal of World Trade5 (April 1997).Google Scholar

Vermulst, E., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in the European Community,” 39 Journal of World Trade105 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Vermulst, E., The WTO Anti-dumping Agreement: A Commentary, Oxford University Press (2005).CrossRef Google Scholar

Vermulst, E., and Graafsma, F., “WTO Dispute Settlement with Respect to Trade Contingency Measures: Selected Issues,” 35 Journal of World Trade209 (April 2001).CrossRef Google Scholar

Vermulst, E., and Graafsma, F., WTO Disputes: Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Safeguards, Cameron May (2002).Google Scholar

Vermulst, E., and Komuro, N., “Anti-dumping Disputes in the GATT/WTO: Navigating Dire Straits,” 31 Journal of World Trade5 (February 1997).Google Scholar

Walders, L.R., and Pratt, N.C., “Trade Remedy Litigation–Choice of Forum & Choice of Law,” 18 St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary51 (Fall 2003).Google Scholar

Wang, J., “A Critique of the Application to China of the Non-Market Economy Rules of Antidumping Legislation & Practice of the European Union,” 33 Journal of World Trade117 (June 1999).Google Scholar

Wang, L., “China's Anti-dumping Law & Its Implementation: A Practitioner's Perspective,” 3 Journal of World Intellectual Property561 (July 2000).CrossRef Google Scholar

Wang, L., and , S. Yu, “China's New Anti-dumping Regulations: Improvements To Comply with the World Trade Organization Rules,” 36 Journal of World Trade903 (October 2002).CrossRef Google Scholar

Wellhausen, M., “The Community Interest Test in Antidumping Proceedings of the European Union,” 16 American University International Law Review1027 (2001).Google Scholar

Wenig, H., “The European Community's Anti-dumping System: Salient Features,” 39 Journal of World Trade787 (2005).Google Scholar

,World Trade Organization (WTO), WTO Analytical Index, Guide to WTO Law and Practice, Vol. I (1st ed., 2003).

Yano, K., “Thirty Years of Being A Respondent in Antidumping Proceedings: Abuse of Economic Relief Can Have a Negative Impact on Competition Policy,” 33 Journal of World Trade31 (October 1999).Google Scholar

Yi, D., Xu, H.J., and Liu, F., “Antidumping and the WTO – Implications for China,” 32 Journal of World Trade19 (1998).Google Scholar

Yu, T., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in the People's Republic of China,” 39 Journal of World Trade97 (February 2005).Google Scholar

Trebilcock, M.J. and Howse, R., The Regulation of International Trade (London, Routledge, 3rd ed., 2005) 250–256Google Scholar

Pruzin, D., “Brazil Criticizes WTO Draft Rules Text as ‘Major Step Backward’ for Global Trade,” 24 International Trade Reporter (BNA) 2007, 1718Google Scholar

Brevetti, R., “Commerce's ITA Sets Hefty Duties on Color Television Receivers from China,” 21 International Trade Reporter (BNA) 2004, 700Google Scholar

Trebilcock, M.J. and Howse, R., The Regulation of International Trade (London, Routledge, 3rd ed., 2005) 250–256Google Scholar

Pruzin, D., “Brazil Criticizes WTO Draft Rules Text as ‘Major Step Backward’ for Global Trade,” 24 International Trade Reporter (BNA) 2007, 1718Google Scholar

Brevetti, R., “Commerce's ITA Sets Hefty Duties on Color Television Receivers from China,” 21 International Trade Reporter (BNA) 2004, 700Google Scholar

Boltuck, R. and Litan, R.E. (Eds.), Down in the Dumps: Administration of the Unfair Trade Laws (1991), 288. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC

Stewart, T.P., Dwyer, A.S., McDonough, P.J., Prado, M.M., and Karpel, A.A., Rules in a Rules-Based WTO: Key to Growth; The Challenges Ahead (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2002), 15Google Scholar

Brink, G., “The 10 Major Problems With the Anti-dumping Instrument in South Africa,” 39 Journal of World Trade 2005, 147, 148Google Scholar

Pescatore, P. and Stewart, and Stewart, in Handbook of WTO/GATT Dispute Settlement. Eds. Stewart, T.P., Dwyer, A.S., and Argenti, E.A. (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2001–)Google Scholar

Stewart, T.P., McDonough, P.J., and Prado, M.M., “Opportunities in the WTO for Increased Liberalization of Goods: Making Sure the Rules Work for All and that Special Needs are Addressed,” 24 Fordham International Law Journal 2000, 652, 677Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.