Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-w5vf4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-10T04:22:06.045Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

28 - Anthropogenic Land Use and Land-Cover Change

from Part VI - Terrestrial Forcings and Feedbacks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2015

Gordon Bonan
Gordon Bonan
Affiliation:
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
Get access

Summary

Chapter Summary

Changes in land cover and in human uses of land can influence climate. Conversion of forests and grasslands to agricultural land alters net radiation, the partitioning of this energy into sensible and latent heat, and the partitioning of precipitation into soil water, evapotranspiration, and runoff. Among the surface characteristics altered by land-cover change are albedo, surface roughness, leaf area index, canopy conductance, root depth, and soil texture and structure. Land degradation in arid and semiarid climates increases surface albedo, reduces evapotranspiration, and may contribute to low rainfall in these regions. Extensive deforestation and land clearing have altered the climate of vast regions of Australia. Clearing of tropical forests for pastures creates a warmer, drier climate. Clearing of temperate forests and grasslands to cultivate crops cools climate, primarily because of higher albedo. However, the climate signal associated with crops is complicated and is related to the timing of crop planting, maturation, and harvesting relative to the phenology of natural vegetation. Irrigation leads to a cooler, moister climate. The influence of historical land-cover change on climate needs to be considered as a climate forcing in addition to traditional forcings such as greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar variability, and ozone. Climate model simulations show that the biogeophysical effects of historical land-cover change have cooled climate over large regions of North America and Eurasia. This biogeophysical cooling is comparable to, but of opposite sign, greenhouse gas warming over the same period. This cooling primarily results from increases in surface albedo with deforestation. Conversions among forests, pastureland, and cropland are thought to have decreased annual evapotranspiration. The net effect of anthropogenic land use and land-cover change is the balance between these biogeophysical changes and carbon emission from land use.

Green Planets and Brown Planets

Much of the natural vegetation of the world has been converted to cropland and rangeland (Figure 2.8). Human uses of land such as cultivation, grazing, forest clearing, and forest regrowth on abandoned farmland alter net radiation, the partitioning of this available energy between sensible and latent heat, and the partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evapotranspiration. These changes occur from modifications of albedo, surface roughness, leaf area index, rooting depth, and canopy conductance and also from changes in soil texture and structure that affect soil water. Soil texture determines how much water is available for evapotranspiration.

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Ecological Climatology
Concepts and Applications
 , pp. 523 - 562
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Adegoke, J. O., Pielke, R. A., Sr., Eastman, J., Mahmood, R., and Hubbard, K. G. (2003). Impact of irrigation on midsummer surface fluxes and temperature under dry synoptic conditions: A regional atmospheric model study of the U.S. High Plains. Monthly Weather Review, 131, 556–564.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adegoke, J. O., Pielke, R., Sr., and Carleton, A. M. (2007). Observational and modeling studies of the impacts of agriculture-related land use change on planetary boundary layer processes in the central U.S.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 142, 203–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anav, A., Ruti, P. M., Artale, V. and Valentini, R. (2010). Modelling the effects of land-cover changes on surface climate in the Mediterranean region. Climate Research, 41, 91–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andréassian, V. (2004). Waters and forests: From historical controversy to scientific debate. Journal of Hydrology, 291, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arribas, A., Gallardo, C., Gaertner, M. A., and Castro, M. (2003). Sensitivity of the Iberian Peninsula climate to a land degradation. Climate Dynamics, 20, 477–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avissar, R., Silva Dias, P. L., Silva Dias, M. A. F., and Nobre, C. (2002). The Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA): Insights and future research needs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 8086, doi:10.1029/2002JD002704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baidya Roy, S., and Avissar, R. (2002). Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 8037, doi:10.1029/2000JD000266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baidya Roy, S., Hurtt, G. C., Weaver, C. P., and Pacala, S. W. (2003). Impact of historical land cover change on the July climate of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 4793, doi:10.1029/2003JD003565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bala, G., Caldeira, K., Wickett, M., et al. (2007). Combined climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 6550–6555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldocchi, D. D., and Meyers, T. P. (1998). On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: A perspective. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 90, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balling, R. C., Jr. (1988). The climatic impact of a Sonoran vegetation discontinuity. Climatic Change, 13, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balling, R. C., Jr. (1989). The impact of summer rainfall on the temperature gradient along the United States–Mexico border. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 28, 304–308.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balling, R. C., Jr., Klopatek, J. M., Hildebrandt, M. L., Moritz, C. K., and Watts, C. J. (1998). Impacts of land degradation on historical temperature records from the Sonoran Desert. Climatic Change, 40, 669–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnston, A. G., and Schickedanz, P. T. (1984). The effect of irrigation on warm season precipitation in the southern Great Plains. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 23, 865–888.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bathiany, S., Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., Raddatz, T., and Gayler, V. (2010). Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of large-scale forest cover changes in the MPI earth system model. Biogeosciences, 7, 1383–1399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betts, A. K., Desjardins, R., Worth, D., and Cerkowniak, D. (2013). Impact of land use change on the diurnal cycle climate of the Canadian Prairies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 11996–12011, doi:10.1002/2013JD020717.Google Scholar
Bird, M. I., Hutley, L. B., Lawes, M. J., et al. (2013). Humans, megafauna and environmental change in tropical Australia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28, 439–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, J. F. (1963). Weather control: Use of asphalt coatings to tap solar energy. Science, 139, 226–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, J. F., and Tarmy, B. L. (1963). The use of asphalt coatings to increase rainfall. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2, 557–564.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boisier, J. P., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Pitman, A. J., et al. (2012). Attributing the impacts of land-cover changes in temperate regions on surface temperature and heat fluxes to specific causes: Results from the first LUCID set of simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D12116, doi:10.1029/2011JD017106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boisier, J. P., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., and Ciais, P. (2013). Inferring past land use-induced changes in surface albedo from satellite observations: A useful tool to evaluate model simulations. Biogeosciences, 10, 1501–1516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boisier, J. P., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., and Ciais, P. (2014). Historical land-use-induced evapotranspiration changes estimated from present-day observations and reconstructed land-cover maps. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18, 3571–3590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonan, G. B. (1997). Effects of land use on the climate of the United States. Climatic Change, 37, 449–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonan, G. B. (1999). Frost followed the plow: Impacts of deforestation on the climate of the United States. Ecological Applications, 9, 1305–1315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonan, G. B. (2001). Observational evidence for reduction of daily maximum temperature by croplands in the Midwest United States. Journal of Climate, 14, 2430–2442.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonan, G. B. (2008). Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science, 320, 1444–1449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosch, J. M., and Hewlett, J. D. (1982). A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, 55, 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, O., Myhre, G., and Myhre, A. (2004). Direct human influence of irrigation on atmospheric water vapour and climate. Climate Dynamics, 22, 597–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brovkin, V., Sitch, S., von Bloh, W., et al. (2004). Role of land cover changes for atmospheric CO2 increase and climate change during the last 150 years. Global Change Biology, 10, 1253–1266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brovkin, V., Claussen, M., Driesschaert, E., et al. (2006). Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity. Climate Dynamics, 26, 587–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brovkin, V., Raddatz, T., Reick, C. H., Claussen, M., and Gayler, V. (2009). Global biogeophysical interactions between forest and climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L07405, doi:10.1029/2009GL037543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. E., Zhang, L., McMahon, T. A., Western, A. W., and Vertessy, R. A. (2005). A review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield resulting from alterations in vegetation. Journal of Hydrology, 310, 28–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, N. A., Johnson, L. F., Brazel, A. J., et al. (1990). Measuring the effect of overgrazing in the Sonoran Desert. Climatic Change, 17, 243–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charney, J. G. (1975). Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 101, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charney, J., Stone, P. H., and Quirk, W. J. (1975). Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism. Science, 187, 434–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chase, T. N., Pielke, R. A., Sr., Kittel, T. G. F., Baron, J. S., and Stohlgren, T. J. (1999). Potential impacts on Colorado Rocky Mountain weather due to land use changes on the adjacent Great Plains. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104D, 16673–16690.Google Scholar
Chen, G.-S., Notaro, M., and Liu, Z. (2012). Simulated local and remote biophysical effects of afforestation over the Southeast United States in boreal summer. Journal of Climate, 25, 4511–4522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, N., Stott, P. A., Hegerl, G. C., and Betts, R. A. (2013). The role of land use change in the recent warming of daily extreme temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 589–594, doi:10.1002/grl.50159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. B., Xue, Y., Harding, R. J., and Valdes, P. J. (2001). Modeling the impact of land surface degradation on the climate of tropical North Africa. Journal of Climate, 14, 1809–1822.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., and Ganopolski, A. (2001). Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large-scale land cover change. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1011–1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, B. I., Puma, M. J., and Krakauer, N. Y. (2011). Irrigation induced surface cooling in the context of modern and increased greenhouse gas forcing. Climate Dynamics, 37, 1587–1600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, M. H., and Foley, J. A. (2000). Combined effects of deforestation and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the climate of Amazonia. Journal of Climate, 13, 18–34.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, M. H., Yanagi, S. N. M., Souza, P. J. O. P., Ribeiro, A., and Rocha, E. J. P. (2007). Climate change in Amazonia caused by soybean cropland expansion, as compared to caused by pastureland expansion. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L07706, doi:10.1029/2007GL029271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culf, A. D., Esteves, J. L., de O. Marques Filho, A., and da Rocha, H. R. (1996). Radiation, temperature and humidity over forest and pasture in Amazonia. In Amazonian Deforestation and Climate, ed. Gash, J. H. C., Nobre, C. A., Roberts, J. M., and Victoria, R. L.. New York: Wiley, pp. 175–191.Google Scholar
da Rocha, H. R., Goulden, M. L., Miller, S. D., et al. (2004). Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Ecological Applications, 14, S22–S32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davin, E. L., and de Noblet-Ducoudré, N. (2010). Climatic impact of global-scale deforestation: Radiative versus nonradiative processes. Journal of Climate, 23, 97–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeAngelis, A., Dominguez, F., Fan, Y., et al. (2010). Evidence of enhanced precipitation due to irrigation over the Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D15115, doi:10.1029/2010JD013892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delire, C., Behling, P., Coe, M. T., et al. (2001). Simulated response of the atmosphere–ocean system to deforestation in the Indonesian Archipelago. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2081–2084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Boisier, J.-P., Pitman, A., et al. (2012). Determining robust impacts of land-use-induced land cover changes on surface climate over North America and Eurasia: Results from the first set of LUCID experiments. Journal of Climate, 25, 3261–3281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deo, R. C., Syktus, J. I., McAlpine, C. A., et al. (2009). Impact of historical land cover change on daily indices of climate extremes including droughts in eastern Australia. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L08705, doi:10.1029/2009GL037666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, R. E., and Henderson-Sellers, A. (1988). Modelling tropical deforestation: A study of GCM land-surface parameterizations. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 114, 439–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, R. E., and Kennedy, P. (1992). Impacts on regional climate of Amazon deforestation. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 1947–1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diffenbaugh, N. S. (2009). Influence of modern land cover on the climate of the United States. Climate Dynamics, 33, 945–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Odorico, P., Bhattachan, A., Davis, K. F., Ravi, S., and Runyan, C. W. (2013). Global desertification: Drivers and feedbacks. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 326–344.Google Scholar
Döll, P., and Siebert, S. (2002). Global modeling of irrigation water requirements. Water Resources Research, 38, 1037, doi:10.1029/2001WR000355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dümenil Gates, L. and Ließ, S. (2001). Impacts of deforestation and afforestation in the Mediterranean region as simulated by the MPI atmospheric GCM. Global and Planetary Change, 30, 309–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farley, K. A., Jobbágy, E. G., and Jackson, R. B. (2005). Effects of afforestation on water yield: A global synthesis with implications for policy. Global Change Biology, 11, 1565–1576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisch, G., Tota, J., Machado, L. A. T., et al. (2004). The convective boundary layer over pasture and forest in Amazonia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 78, 47–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, J. A., Coe, M. T., Scheffer, M., and Wang, G. (2003). Regime shifts in the Sahara and Sahel: Interactions between ecological and climatic systems in northern Africa. Ecosystems, 6, 524–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraedrich, K., Kleidon, A., and Lunkeit, F. (1999). A green planet versus a desert world: Estimating the effect of vegetation extremes on the atmosphere. Journal of Climate, 12, 3156–3163.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, D. O., and Ottke, C. (2002). Land cover, rainfall and land-surface albedo in West Africa. Climatic Change, 54, 181–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gameda, S., Qian, B., Campbell, C. A., and Desjardins, R. L. (2007). Climatic trends associated with summerfallow in the Canadian Prairies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 142, 170–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gash, J. H. C., and Nobre, C. A. (1997). Climatic effects of Amazonian deforestation: Some results from ABRACOS. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 823–830.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gash, J. H. C., Nobre, C. A., Roberts, J. M., and Victoria, R. L. (1996). Amazonian Deforestation and Climate. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ge, J., and Zou, C. (2013). Impacts of woody plant encroachment on regional climate in the southern Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 9093–9104, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50634.Google Scholar
Gedney, N., and Valdes, P. J. (2000). The effect of Amazonian deforestation on the northern hemisphere circulation and climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 3053–3056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guichard, F., Kergoat, L., Mougin, E., et al. (2009). Surface thermodynamics and radiative budget in the Sahelian Gourma: Seasonal and diurnal cycles. Journal of Hydrology, 375, 161–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahmann, A. N., and Dickinson, R. E. (1997). RCCM2-BATS model over tropical South America: Applications to tropical deforestation. Journal of Climate, 10, 1944–1964.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, K. J., and Snyder, P. K. (2012). Modeling the atmospheric response to irrigation in the Great Plains, Part I: General impacts on precipitation and the energy budget. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 13, 1667–1686.Google Scholar
Hasler, N., Werth, D., and Avissar, R. (2009). Effects of tropical deforestation on global hydroclimate: A multimodel ensemble analysis. Journal of Climate, 22, 1124–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haugland, M. J., and Crawford, K. C. (2005). The diurnal cycle of land–atmosphere interactions across Oklahoma's winter wheat belt. Monthly Weather Review, 133, 120–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, F., Vavrus, S. J., Kutzbach, J. E., et al. (2014). Simulating global and local surface temperature changes due to Holocene anthropogenic land cover change. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 623–631, doi:10.1002/2013GL058085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Y., D'Odorico, P., De Wekker, S. F. J., Fuentes, J. D., and Litvak, M. (2010). On the impact of shrub encroachment on microclimate conditions in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D21120, doi:10.1029/2009JD013529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Y., De Wekker, S. F. J., Fuentes, J. D., and D'Odorico, P. (2011). Coupled land-atmosphere modeling of the effects of shrub encroachment on nighttime temperatures. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151, 1690–1697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heck, P., Lüthi, D., Wernli, H., and Schär, C. (2001). Climate impacts of European-scale anthropogenic vegetation changes: A sensitivity study using a regional climate model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106D, 7817–7835.Google Scholar
Henderson-Sellers, A., and Gornitz, V. (1984). Possible climatic impacts of land cover transformations, with particular emphasis on tropical deforestation. Climatic Change, 6, 231–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson-Sellers, A., Dickinson, R. E., Durbidge, T. B., et al. (1993). Tropical deforestation: Modeling local- to regional-scale climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98D, 7289–7315.Google Scholar
Jackson, R. B., Jobbágy, E. G., Avissar, R., et al. (2005). Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration. Science, 310, 1944–1947.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juang, J.-Y., Katul, G., Siqueira, M., Stoy, P., and Novick, K. (2007). Separating the effects of albedo from eco-physiological changes on surface temperature along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L21408, doi:10.1029/2007GL031296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanna, J., and Medvigy, D. (2014). Strong control of surface roughness variations on the simulated dry season regional atmospheric response to contemporary deforestation in Rondônia, Brazil. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119, 13067–13078, doi:10.1002/2014JD022278.Google Scholar
Kleidon, A., and Heimann, M. (2000). Assessing the role of deep rooted vegetation in the climate system with model simulations: Mechanism, comparison to observations and implications for Amazonian deforestation. Climate Dynamics, 16, 183–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleidon, A., Fraedrich, K., and Heimann, M. (2000). A green planet versus a desert world: Estimating the maximum effect of vegetation on the land surface climate. Climatic Change, 44, 471–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kucharski, F., Zeng, N., and Kalnay, E. (2013). A further assessment of vegetation feedback on decadal Sahel rainfall variability. Climate Dynamics, 40, 1453–1466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kueppers, L. M., and Snyder, M. A. (2012). Influence of irrigated agriculture on diurnal surface energy and water fluxes, surface climate, and atmospheric circulation in California. Climate Dynamics, 38, 1017–1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kueppers, L. M., Snyder, M. A., and Sloan, L. C. (2007). Irrigation cooling effect: Regional climate forcing by land-use change. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L03703, doi:10.1029/2006GL028679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, S., Dirmeyer, P. A., Merwade, V., et al. (2013). Land use/cover change impacts in CMIP5 climate simulations: A new methodology and 21st century challenges. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 6337–6353, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50463.Google Scholar
Lamptey, B. L., Barron, E. J., and Pollard, D. (2005a). Impacts of agriculture and urbanization on the climate of the Northeastern United States. Global and Planetary Change, 49, 203–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamptey, B. L., Barron, E. J., and Pollard, D. (2005b). Simulation of the relative impact of land cover and carbon dioxide to climate change from 1700 to 2100. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D20103, doi:10.1029/2005JD005916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, D., and Vandecar, K. (2015). Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture. Nature Climate Change, 5, 27–36.Google Scholar
Lean, J., and Rowntree, P. R. (1993). A GCM simulation of the impact of Amazonian deforestation on climate using an improved canopy representation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 119, 509–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lean, J., and Rowntree, P. R. (1997). Understanding the sensitivity of a GCM simulation of Amazonian deforestation to the specification of vegetation and soil characteristics. Journal of Climate, 10, 1216–1235.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lean, J., and Warrilow, D. A. (1989). Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation. Nature, 342, 411–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.-E., Oliveira, R. S., Dawson, T. E., and Fung, I. (2005). Root functioning modifies seasonal climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102, 17576–17581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, X., Goulden, M. L., Hollinger, D. Y., et al. (2011). Observed increase in local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes. Nature, 479, 384–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levis, S. (2010). Modeling vegetation and land use in models of the Earth System. WIREs Climate Change, 1, 840–856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, S., Bonan, G. B., Kluzek, E., et al. (2012). Interactive crop management in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1): Seasonal influences on land–atmosphere fluxes. Journal of Climate, 25, 4839–4859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobell, D. B., and Bonfils, C. (2008). The effect of irrigation on regional temperatures: A spatial and temporal analysis of trends in California, 1934–2002. Journal of Climate, 21, 2063–2071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobell, D. B., Bala, G., and Duffy, P. B. (2006a). Biogeophysical impacts of cropland management changes on climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L06708, doi:10.1029/2005GL025492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobell, D. B., Bala, G., Bonfils, C., and Duffy, P. B. (2006b). Potential bias of model projected greenhouse warming in irrigated regions. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L13709, doi:10.1029/2006GL026770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobell, D., Bala, G., Mirin, A., et al. (2009). Regional differences in the influence of irrigation on climate. Journal of Climate, 22, 2248–2255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luyssaert, S., Jammet, M., Stoy, P. C., et al. (2014). Land management and land-cover change have impacts of similar magnitude on surface temperature. Nature Climate Change, 4, 389–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, R., Hubbard, K. G., and Carlson, C. (2004). Modification of growing-season surface temperature records in the northern Great Plains due to land-use transformation: Verification of modelling results and implication for global climate change. International Journal of Climatology, 24, 311–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, R., Foster, S. A., Keeling, T., et al. (2006). Impacts of irrigation on 20th century temperature in the northern Great Plains. Global and Planetary Change, 54, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, R., Hubbard, K. G., Leeper, R. D., and Foster, S. A. (2008). Increase in near-surface atmospheric moisture content due to land use changes: Evidence from the observed dewpoint temperature data. Monthly Weather Review, 136, 1554–1561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, R., Pielke, R. A., Sr., Hubbard, K. G., et al. (2014). Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate. International Journal of Climatology, 34, 929–953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, A. G., and Lynch, A. H. (2008). The sensitivity of the Australian summer monsoon to climate forcing during the late Quaternary. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D11107, doi:10.1029/2007JD008981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, H. D., Weaver, A. J., Meissner, K. J., Gillett, N. P., and Eby, M. (2004). Natural and anthropogenic climate change: Incorporating historical land cover change, vegetation dynamics and the global carbon cycle. Climate Dynamics, 22, 461–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlpine, C. A., Syktus, J., Deo, R. C., et al. (2007). Modeling the impact of historical land cover change on Australia's regional climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L22711, doi:10.1029/2007GL031524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlpine, C. A., Syktus, J., Ryan, J. G., et al. (2009). A continent under stress: Interactions, feedbacks and risks associated with impact of modified land cover on Australia's climate. Global Change Biology, 15, 2206–2223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuffie, K., Henderson-Sellers, A., Zhang, H., Durbidge, T. B., and Pitman, A. J. (1995). Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation. Global and Planetary Change, 10, 97–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherson, R. A., and Stensrud, D. J. (2005). Influences of a winter wheat belt on the evolution of the boundary layer. Monthly Weather Review, 133, 2178–2199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherson, R. A., Stensrud, D. J., and Crawford, K. C. (2004). The impact of Oklahoma's winter wheat belt on the mesoscale environment. Monthly Weather Review, 132, 405–421.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medvigy, D., Walko, R. L., and Avissar, R. (2011). Effects of deforestation on spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in South America. Journal of Climate, 24, 2147–2163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medvigy, D., Walko, R. L., Otte, M. J., and Avissar, R. (2013). Simulated changes in Northwest U.S. climate in response to Amazon deforestation. Journal of Climate, 26, 9115–9136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. H., Fogel, M. L., Magee, J. W., et al. (2005a). Ecosystem collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a human role in megafaunal extinction. Science, 309, 287–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G., Mangan, J., Pollard, D., et al. (2005b). Sensitivity of the Australian Monsoon to insolation and vegetation: Implications for human impact on continental moisture balance. Geology, 33, 65–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, N., and Rojstaczer, S. (2002). Irrigation's influence on precipitation: Texas High Plains, U.S.A.Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 10.1029/2002GL014940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, L. N., Riley, W. J., and Collins, W. D. (2012). Local and remote climate impacts from expansion of woody biomass for bioenergy feedstock in the southeastern United States. Journal of Climate, 25, 7643–7659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mylne, M. F., and Rowntree, P. R. (1992). Modelling the effects of albedo change associated with tropical deforestation. Climatic Change, 21, 317–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, U. S., Wu, Y., Kala, J., et al. (2011). The role of land use change on the development and evolution of the west coast trough, convective clouds, and precipitation in southwest Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D07103, doi:10.1029/2010JD014950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narisma, G. T., and Pitman, A. J. (2003). The impact of 200 years of land cover change on the Australian near-surface climate. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 4, 424–436.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nepstad, D. C., de Carvalho, C. R., Davidson, E. A., et al. (1994). The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature, 372, 666–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, S. E. (2000). Land surface processes and Sahel climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 38, 117–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, S. E., Tucker, C. J., and Ba, M. B. (1998). Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: An example from the West African Sahel. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79, 815–829.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nobre, C. A., Sellers, P. J., and Shukla, J. (1991). Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change. Journal of Climate, 4, 957–988.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nobre, C. A., Silva Dias, M. A., Culf, A. D., et al. (2004). The Amazonian climate. In Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate: A New Perspective on an Interactive System, ed. Kabat, P., Claussen, M., Dirmeyer, P. A., et al. Berlin: Springer, pp. 79–92.Google Scholar
Notaro, M., Wyrwoll, K.-H., and Chen, G. (2011). Did aboriginal vegetation burning impact on the Australian summer monsoon?Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L11704, doi:10.1029/2011GL047774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oleson, K. W., Bonan, G. B., Levis, S., and Vertenstein, M. (2004). Effects of land use change on North American climate: Impact of surface datasets and model biogeophysics. Climate Dynamics, 23, 117–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otterman, J. (1974). Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing: A hypothesized desertification mechanism. Science, 186, 531–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otterman, J. (1977). Anthropogenic impact on the albedo of the Earth. Climatic Change, 1, 137–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otterman, J. (1981). Satellite and field studies of man's impact on the surface in arid regions. Tellus, 33, 68–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otterman, J. (1989). Enhancement of surface–atmosphere fluxes by desert-fringe vegetation through reduction of surface albedo and of soil heat flux. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 40, 67–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otterman, J., and Tucker, C. J. (1985). Satellite measurements of surface albedo and temperatures in semidesert. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 24, 228–235.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otterman, J., Manes, A., Rubin, S., Alpert, P., and Starr, D. O. C. (1990). An increase of early rains in southern Israel following land-use change?Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 53, 333–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, S.-S., Piao, S., Zeng, Z., et al. (2014). Afforestation in China cools local land surface temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 111, 2915–2919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pielke, R. A., Sr., Adegoke, J., Beltrán-Przekurat, A., et al. (2007). An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall. Tellus B, 59, 587–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pielke, R. A., Sr., Pitman, A., Niyogi, D., et al. (2011). Land use/land cover changes and climate: Modeling analysis and observational evidence. WIREs Climate Change, 2, 828–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitman, A. J., Durbidge, T. B., Henderson-Sellers, A., and McGuffie, K. (1993). Assessing climate model sensitivity to prescribed deforested landscapes. International Journal of Climatology, 13, 879–898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitman, A. J., Narisma, G. T., Pielke, R. A., Sr., and Holbrook, N. J. (2004). Impact of land cover change on the climate of southwest Western Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D18109, doi:10.1029/2003JD004347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitman, A. J., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Cruz, F. T., et al. (2009). Uncertainties in climate responses to past land cover change: First results from the LUCID intercomparison study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L14814, doi:10.1029/2009GL039076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitman, A. J., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Avila, F. B., et al. (2012). Effects of land cover change on temperature and rainfall extremes in multi-model ensemble simulations. Earth System Dynamics, 3, 213–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polcher, J., and Laval, K. (1994a). The impact of African and Amazonian deforestation on tropical climate. Journal of Hydrology, 155, 389–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polcher, J., and Laval, K. (1994b). A statistical study of the regional impact of deforestation on climate in the LMD GCM. Climate Dynamics, 10, 205–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pongratz, J., Reick, C. H., Raddatz, T., and Claussen, M. (2010). Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical climate response to historical anthropogenic land cover change. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L08702, doi:10.1029/2010GL043010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puma, M. J., and Cook, B. I. (2010). Effects of irrigation on global climate during the 20th century. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D16120, doi:10.1029/2010JD014122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos da Silva, R., and Avissar, R. (2006). The hydrometeorology of a deforested region of the Amazon basin. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7, 1028–1042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reale, O., and Dirmeyer, P. (2000). Modeling the effects of vegetation on Mediterranean climate during the Roman Classical Period, Part I: Climate history and model sensitivity. Global and Planetary Change, 25, 163–184.Google Scholar
Reale, O., and Shukla, J. (2000). Modeling the effects of vegetation on Mediterranean climate during the Roman Classical Period, Part II: Model simulation. Global and Planetary Change, 25, 185–214.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J. F., Stafford Smith, D. M., Lambin, E. F., et al. (2007). Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science, 316, 847–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotenberg, E., and Yakir, D. (2010). Contribution of semi-arid forests to the climate system. Science, 327, 451–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotenberg, E., and Yakir, D. (2011). Distinct patterns of changes in surface energy budget associated with forestation in the semiarid region. Global Change Biology, 17, 1536–1548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacks, W. J., and Kucharik, C. J. (2011). Crop management and phenology trends in the U.S. Corn Belt: Impacts on yields, evapotranspiration and energy balance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151, 882–894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacks, W. J., Cook, B. I., Buenning, N., Levis, S., and Helkowski, J. H. (2009). Effects of global irrigation on the near-surface climate. Climate Dynamics, 33, 159–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samain, O., Kergoat, L., Hiernaux, P., et al. (2008). Analysis of the in situ and MODIS albedo variability at multiple timescales in the Sahel. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D14119, doi:10.1029/2007JD009174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, M., Avissar, R., McCumber, M. C., and Pielke, R. A. (1988). Evaluation of vegetation effects on the generation and modification of mesoscale circulations. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 45, 2268–2292.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, M., Pan, Z., Turner, R. W., and Takle, E. S. (1998). On the potential impact of irrigated areas in North America on summer rainfall caused by large-scale systems. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 37, 325–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shukla, J., and Mintz, Y. (1982). Influence of land-surface evapotranspiration on the Earth's climate. Science, 215, 1498–1501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, P. K. (2010). The influence of tropical deforestation on the Northern Hemisphere climate by atmospheric teleconnections. Earth Interactions, 14(4), 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, P. K., Delire, C., and Foley, J. A. (2004). Evaluating the influence of different vegetation biomes on the global climate. Climate Dynamics, 23, 279–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorooshian, S., Li, J., Hsu, K., and Gao, X. (2012). Influence of irrigation schemes used in regional climate models on evapotranspiration estimation: Results and comparative studies from California's Central Valley agricultural regions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D06107, doi:10.1029/2011JD016978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorooshian, S., AghaKouchak, A., and Li, J. (2014). Influence of irrigation on land hydrological processes over California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119, 13137–13152, doi:10.1002/2014JD022232.Google Scholar
Stohlgren, T. J., Chase, T. N., Pielke, R. A., Sr., Kittel, T. G. F., and Baron, J. S. (1998). Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and stream flow patterns in adjacent natural areas. Global Change Biology, 4, 495–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoy, P. C., Katul, G. G., Siqueira, M. B., et al. (2006). Separating the effects of climate and vegetation on evapotranspiration along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern US. Global Change Biology, 12, 2115–2135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., and Taylor, C. M. (2012). Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests. Nature, 489, 282–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterling, S. M., Ducharne, A., and Polcher, J. (2013). The impact of global land-cover change on the terrestrial water cycle. Nature Climate Change, 3, 385–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sud, Y. C., Walker, G. K., Kim, J.-H., et al. (1996). Biogeophysical consequences of a tropical deforestation scenario: A GCM simulation study. Journal of Climate, 9, 3225–3247.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swann, A. L. S., Fung, I. Y., and Chiang, J. C. H. (2012). Mid-latitude afforestation shifts general circulation and tropical precipitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109, 712–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swann, A. L. S., Fung, I. Y., Liu, Y., and Chiang, J. C. H. (2014). Remote vegetation feedbacks and the mid-Holocene green Sahara. Journal of Climate, 27, 4857–4870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. M., Parker, D. J., and Harris, P. P. (2007). An observational case study of mesoscale atmospheric circulations induced by soil moisture. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L15801, doi:10.1029/2007GL030572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. M., Parker, D. J., Kalthoff, N., et al. (2011). New perspectives on land–atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. Atmospheric Science Letters, 12, 38–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teuling, A. J., Seneviratne, S. I., Stöckli, R., et al. (2010). Contrasting response of European forest and grassland energy exchange to heatwaves. Nature Geoscience, 3, 722–727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timbal, B., and Arblaster, J. M. (2006). Land cover change as an additional forcing to explain the rainfall decline in the south west of Australia. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L07717, doi:10.1029/2005GL025361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timouk, F., Kergoat, L., Mougin, E., et al. (2009). Response of surface energy balance to water regime and vegetation development in a Sahelian landscape. Journal of Hydrology, 375, 178–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trail, M., Tsimpidi, A. P., Liu, P., et al. (2013). Potential impact of land use change on future regional climate in the Southeastern U.S.: Reforestation and crop land conversion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 11577–11588, doi:10.1002/2013JD020356.Google Scholar
Twine, T. E., Kucharik, C. J., and Foley, J. A. (2004). Effects of land cover change on the energy and water balance of the Mississippi River basin. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 640–655.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Velde, Y., Lyon, S. W., and Destouni, G. (2013). Data-driven regionalization of river discharges and emergent land cover–evapotranspiration relationships across Sweden. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 2576–2587, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50224.Google Scholar
Voldoire, A., and Royer, J.-F. (2004). Tropical deforestation and climate variability. Climate Dynamics, 22, 857–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Randow, C., Manzi, A. O., Kruijt, B., et al. (2004). Comparative measurements and seasonal variations in energy and carbon exchange over forest and pasture in South West Amazonia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 78, 5–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, J., Bullen, F., and Williams, B. G. (1993). Ecohydrological changes in the Murray-Darling Basin, I: The number of trees cleared over two centuries. Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 265–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, G. (2011). Assessing the potential hydrological impacts of hydraulic redistribution in Amazonia using a numerical modeling approach. Water Resources Research, 47, W02528, doi:10.1029/2010WR009601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J., Chagnon, F. J. F., Williams, E. R., et al. (2009). Impact of deforestation in the Amazon basin on cloud climatology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 3670–3674.Google ScholarPubMed
Weaver, C. P., Baidya Roy, S., and Avissar, R. (2002). Sensitivity of simulated mesoscale atmospheric circulations resulting from landscape heterogeneity to aspects of model configuration. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 8041, 10.1029/2001JD000376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werth, D., and Avissar, R. (2002). The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 8087, doi:10.1029/2001JD000717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, J. D., Wade, T. G., and Riitters, K. H. (2012). Comparison of cropland and forest surface temperatures across the conterminous United States. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 166–167, 137–143.Google Scholar
Wickham, J. D., Wade, T. G., and Riitters, K. H. (2013). Empirical analysis of the influence of forest extent on annual and seasonal surface temperatures for the continental United States. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 620–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, J., Wade, T. G., and Riitters, K. H. (2014). An isoline separating relatively warm from relatively cool wintertime forest surface temperatures for the southeastern United States. Global and Planetary Change, 120, 46–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. A., Reichstein, M., Buchmann, N., et al. (2012). Climate and vegetation controls on the surface water balance: Synthesis of evapotranspiration measured across a global network of flux towers. Water Resources Research, 48, W06523, doi:10.1029/2011WR011586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Aubinet, M., et al. (2002). Energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat flux during the warm season at FLUXNET sites. Water Resources Research, 38, 1294, doi:10.1029/2001WR000989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, I. R., Gash, J. H. C., da Rocha, H. R., et al. (1992). Dry season micrometeorology of central Amazonian ranchland. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 118, 1083–1099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xue, Y. (2006). Interactions and feedbacks between climate and dryland vegetations. In Dryland Ecohydrology, ed. D'Odorico, P. and Porporato, A.. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 85–105.Google Scholar
Xue, Y., Fennessy, M. J., and Sellers, P. J. (1996). Impact of vegetation properties on U.S. summer weather prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101D, 7419–7430.Google Scholar
Xue, Y., Hutjes, R. W. A., Harding, R. J., et al. (2004). The Sahelian climate. In Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate: A New Perspective on an Interactive System, ed. Kabat, P., Claussen, M., Dirmeyer, P. A., et al. Berlin: Springer, pp. 59–77.Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Dawes, W. R., and Walker, G. R. (2001). Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale. Water Resources Research, 37, 701–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, M., Lee, X., Yu, G., et al. (2014). Response of surface air temperature to small-scale land clearing across latitudes. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 034002, doi:10.1088/1748–9326/9/3/034002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, K., and Jackson, R. B. (2014). Biophysical forcings of land-use changes from potential forestry activities in North America. Ecological Monographs, 84, 329–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×