Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 January 2012
Historical fiction, “heritage” fiction: a survey
A renewal of the genre of historical fiction has been a defining aspect of literary production since the appearance of John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman in 1969. Fowles's reimagining of nineteenth-century history and the Victorian novel heralded a range of new fictions covering multiple historical eras. This flourishing of the historical genre, besides complementing critical theory and self-conscious historiography, contributed to the reorientation of imperial history by postcolonial writers, particularly after the success of Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children in 1981.
In light of a strong probability that the past attracts British novelists because it is grander than the post-imperial present, historical fiction appears to A. S. Byatt to be a way of turning away from the complexities of the contemporary world. This is a viewpoint that has been brought to bear upon Byatt's own writing and on that of others who use contemporary license to lay bare and exploit the past. Richard Bradford writes:
The notion of the past as an exciting, edifying point of contrast with the present is a mainstay of recent historical fiction but there is a factor that goes beyond this and which is evident in the work of [William] Boyd, [Adam] Thorpe, [Peter] Ackroyd, [Rose] Tremain et al., and it is this. Irrespective of gestures toward lost periods as independent worlds there is a prevailing … inclination among practitioners of the new historical novel toward lofty omniscience.
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