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CHAPTER XXXV - EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF RAMESSES III TO THE END OF THE TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
J. Černý
Edited by
I. E. S. Edwards ,
C. J. Gadd ,
N. G. L. Hammond  and
E. Sollberger
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Summary

THE LAST RAMESSIDES

When Ramesses III died on the fifteenth day of the third month of the summer season, not quite two months after he had begun the thirty-second year of his reign, no one could have imagined that the last great pharaoh had gone and that Egypt would never again have a native ruler whose power would at least approach that of the mighty kings of the Egyptian empire: that, in fact, the days of this empire were over. On the contrary, the community of workmen, engaged in hewing out the royal tombs in the rocks of the Valley of the Kings, to whom Mentmose, the chief of the Medjay-police, brought the news on the next day that the falcon had flown to heaven, ‘spent the day rejoicing until the sunset’. For Mentmose also brought the news that ‘King Usermare-setepenamun, the son of Ramesses-meryamun, the ruler, sat upon the throne of Re in his stead’. They could, therefore, soon expect an order to start working on the tomb of the new king, and with it the customary extra rations and gifts to whet their zeal.

The new king, called Ramesses IV by modern historians and on his own assertion a son of Ramesses III, initiated a succession of kings all called Ramesses, though each bore a distinctive praenomen. They were probably all related to Ramesses III, but the exact degree of this relationship is still in dispute. The historian Manetho recorded them all, together with the length of each reign. His excerptors, however, finding it too laborious to catalogue a set of kings all called Ramesses apart from Sethnakhte the first king of the dynasty, summarized the Twentieth Dynasty as twelve kings omitting their names.

Keywords

Ramesses's deathEgyptLibyan settlementhigh priesttomb's workmenTwenty-first Dynasty
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The Cambridge Ancient History , pp. 606 - 657
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1975

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