In this appendix we include supplemental information for the studies described in the main text. The first part of the appendix discusses the samples we used in our analyses. The second part presents the treatments we used in the studies. The final part presents a discussion of self-monitoring and its measurement.

In addition to the analyses presented in the main text of the chapters, we have completed numerous alternative analyses that test the robustness of our results as well as replications with additional samples under different conditions. We have also conducted numerous checks of the validity of our treatments, tests of random assignment within our experimental studies, and tests of measures. All of these additional tests – including coefficient estimates and alternative specifications of models presented in Chapter 6 – are available in our online chapter-by-chapter appendix. The chapter-by-chapter appendix also includes details on the content analyses included in the main chapters. The online appendix is located at the Cambridge University Press website.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND SURVEY DATA

Descriptions and Demographics of Experimental Samples

Our experimental studies deliberately rely on a variety of samples. The goal is to show that the results we find are not specific to one particular set of conditions but rather can replicate across different samples and different experimental contexts. Since we use similar types of samples across chapters, we describe each of our sample types below.

National Adult Samples

We rely on national adult samples recruited by different types of survey companies: Research Now (Study 3.1), Survey Sampling International (SSI) (Study 4.3, Study 7.1) and YouGov (Study 3.3, Study 5.3). The goal of these studies is to recruit a sample that is nationally representative – meaning that it matches the characteristics of the national population.

The Research Now recruitment process begins with a large panel of people who have already agreed to take part in surveys. The members of this panel are then sampled for participation in particular studies. Study samples are based on the specification requested by a particular researcher. Since our goal is to produce a sample that best matches the characteristics of the general population of American adults, Research Now relies on intra-panel recruitment techniques targeting those panel members who are older than eighteen.