Remote work in Korea rapidly accelerated mainly with digitalization and covid-19, posing challenging issues for traditional labor law in this country. The practice of long working hours, and the crisis of the country’s low birth rate and aging population demand fundamental changes of working style. With the development of information and communication technology, traditional ways of direct command and supervision by employers seem to be reduced, while the discretion of workers expanded. However, technologies themselves also make possible more detailed direction by employers - even by the contractors of the employers. The character of the employment contract as a mutual contract presupposes fair distribution of obligation and responsibility. Changing situations surrounding working conditions such as remote work may encourage the re-distribution of responsibility. This chapter explores the impact of remote work on the employers’ responsibility from the standpoint of the response by Korean regulation and policies.

Suicide prevention requires a systematic approach to develop a framework that brings together different elements of a prevention strategy, including surveillance, mental health service access, restriction of lethal means, and public awareness campaigns. Originating with Finland's pioneering efforts in the 1980s, such strategies have since expanded worldwide, driven by the World Health Organization's call for action and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals. It is imperative that these programmes/strategies are evidence-based, informed by local research, continuously monitored and regularly evaluated for effectiveness. By developing suicide prevention programmes/strategies, governments around the world show their commitment to mitigating preventable deaths, underscoring the need for sustained funding, leadership, and research-driven implementation.

This chapter provides an overview of suicidal behaviours and suicide prevention strategies among minority groups, including refugees, migrants, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The chapter highlights the interplay of cultural and gender diversity in shaping suicidal behaviours and emphasizes the need for tailored interventions that address the specific challenges faced by these populations. It reviews the existing literature on the prevalence of suicide among minority groups in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), examining the role of cultural factors, gender-based violence, and mental health issues. The chapter also discusses suicide prevention strategies in humanitarian settings, such as community engagement, gatekeeper training, cultural adaptation of interventions, and the importance of integrating mental health services into primary healthcare services. The chapter highlights evidence-based practices recommended by research, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The conclusion underscores the need of a comprehensive, culturally sensitive approach and calls for further research, increased investment in mental health infrastructure, and the development of gender-sensitive strategies to reduce the burden of suicide among minority groups in humanitarian contexts.

This chapter investigates spiritual sight alongside the other spiritual senses, most notably hearing and touch. Drawing on the work of Hans Jonas, it offers a taxonomy of the spiritual senses in the Confessions. Spiritual sight is the noblest of the spiritual senses, as literal sight is the noblest of the physical senses, and the language of sight pervades Augustine’s account of his mystical ascent in Book 7. Yet sight is dethroned in the vision at Ostia, which Augustine shares with his mother, Monnica; it gives way to hearing and touch. Why, if sight is the noblest of the senses, is it replaced in this way? The chapter argues convincingly that “the critique of sight in the conf. is expressive of Augustine’s mature theology of the vision of God, which is increasingly critical of Platonic theoria and its attempt to ascend to a vision of the divine apart from the temporal and material modality of grace.” Eschatologically, sight is prior: “When he appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.” But for now, touch and hearing are “means of arriving at this vision.”

Critics of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment have argued that business managers should be concerned with maximizing profits rather than getting involved in politics. Defenders of ESG have responded by arguing that investors are free to put their money wherever they like, and so ESG investment practices represent an ordinary exercise of commercial freedom. This simple response glosses over an important complication, which is that the relationship between investors and business managers is mediated by a set of agency relationships, between investors and fund managers, and between fund managers and corporate boards. These agency relations are not completely open-ended but rather are subject to constraints. A question arises about whether any of the political demands associated with ESG investment practices exceed the proper limits of these agency relationships. This chapter assesses this question in order to determine whether ESG leads agents to violate any duties arising from their relations to principals.

This book argues that literary representations of Wales and the Welsh played a pivotal role in eighteenth-century and Romantic-era reinventions of Britishness. The long eighteenth century was a transformative period for British cultural identity. Acts of Union with Scotland (in 1707) and later with Ireland (in 1800) necessitated a redefinition of Britain’s national identity; during the same period, the United Kingdom’s rapid accession to global hegemony prompted writers to reconceive Britishness as innately imperial. In this period of flux, Anglophone writers from England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and beyond repeatedly turned to Wales and Welshness in order to legitimate their ideas of what British identity was, had been, and should become. Wales, Romanticism, and the Making of Imperial Culture builds upon a large body of excellent scholarship examining eighteenth- and nineteenth-century writing from Wales by placing it in conversation with critical explorations of more frequently studied British literature. It contends that Wales and Welshness became flashpoints in the vexed cultural project of establishing a coherent national and imperial identity.

Abstract: Drawing on the findings and examples from the various chapters, this conclusion argues that there is significant untapped potential for a greater role for international adjudication in the international society. In particular, developments in the law of state immunity may give rise to judicially legitimised seizing by states of assets of other states and even arrests of their state officials. In particular fields, legal mechanisms are being developed that mobilise the coercive apparatus of states to apply measures of constraint against other states, their assets, and their leaders. Though these mechanisms remain rare, they provide a glimpse into the possible operation of an international order characterised by judicially guided, coercively enforceable international law.

This chapter looks at claims to understanding. It begins by looking at the system I have worked on, the lamprey spinal cord locomotor circuit, and claims that circuit function and behaviour can be understood in terms of the interactions of spinal cord nerve cells. I highlight that the claims to experimental confirmation actually reflect various assumptions and extrapolations and that the claimed understanding is lacking. I then look at the Nobel Prize winning work on the Aplysia gill withdrawal reflex, making the same conclusion as the lamprey, various assumptions and extrapolations are used to claim causal links, and in doing this commit various logical fallacies, including confusing correlation for causation and begging the question. I finish by looking at hippocampal long-term potentiation and claims it is the cellular basis of memory, again highlighting that the claimed links have not been made.

Abstract: This chapter explores the role and limitations of judicial authority within the horizontal structure of international law. Unlike domestic courts within hierarchical systems, international courts (ICs) are not connected to centralised enforcement apparatuses and thus lack coercive power (‘potestas’). ICs rely instead on auctoritas – their ability to shape interpretations – to mobilise the pro-compliance forces in the international order. Authoritative communications reduce interpretative uncertainty, establish normative focal points, and act as a catalyst for sanctioning mechanisms. ICs may legitimise or mobilise sanctions across multiple layers of international law enforcement, including bilateral responses, third-party enforcement, and sanctions applied or authorised by international institutions. Through its expressive component, adjudicative authority not only impacts actors who willingly accept an adjudicator’s legitimacy; it also changes the strategic normative environment in which all actors operate.