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This chapter focuses on the role played by the United States, Great Britain and the Second World War in the formation of the Federation of West Indies. From the start of the Second World War, the Americans started to evince their interest in the British West Indies for its strategic importance and favoured political reforms and economic improvements. The British were also increasingly fearful of West Indian loyalty against the backdrop of Nazi Germany taking advantage of the inherent racial tensions in the British Caribbean. After the end of the war, both British and American efforts clearly backed the independence of the British Caribbean colonies and the formation of a West Indies Federation as the best bulwark against Communism. Although the Federation was launched in 1958, the inability to achieve consensus on issues such as location of the Federation's capital, migration and the free movement of labour and the ambitions of individual islands' leaders finally led to its dissolution of the Federation.
This chapter shows that while Evangelical Protestantism in the South did not ‘cause’ lynching, it did, however, establish a cultural predisposition which normalized lynching. Because it left unexamined the many social and political asymmetries in Southern society, evangelical Protestantism remained ‘generally aligned with the causes of conservatism, aesthetic vacuity, anti-intellectualism, provincialism, [and] resistance to new cultural currents’. Although the alignment was never perfect, and many ministers and theologians denounced lynching as fundamentally un-Christian, the organizing creeds of evangelical Protestantism were still sufficient to sustain lynching as a religious and specifically Christian practice.
This book explores the historical connection between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later part of the eighteenth century. This study shows not only that Scottish networks existed throughout the eighteenth-century West Indies, and especially in the period after the Seven Years War, but that the cohesion within these groupings was not based simply on Scottishness. It evaluates the role of Scots on the plantations and as merchants, doctors and politicians in the islands and suggests that Scottish-Caribbean connections suggests among the key bonds forging a transnational maritime world of exchange. This volume considers the repatriation of people and capital from the Caribbean, and their impact on developments in Scotland.
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume, which is about the counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies of the European Union (EU) from 1991 to 2007. This volume chronicles the development of the Third Pillar and analysis its key provisions. It evaluates the effectiveness of the EU's implementation process in terms of both the wider Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) sphere and in relation to both specific case studies, namely police co-operation and counter terrorism.
This chapter describes the author's responsibility—as the daughter of one of the pre-state Hagana soldiers who conquered Haifa. It discusses Yosef Nachmani, one of the architects of Jewish settler-colonialism in Palestine. The Salzberger family history shows how biographies often tell larger social stories. Benny Morris argues that Nachmani's story reveals Zionism's Janus face. The Palestinian story tells of Haifa gradually developing from a fishing village to a major seaport due to its strategic importance for both the British, who had a mandate to govern Palestine between 1919 and 1948, and the Zionists. The Israeli story narrates Haifa as a model of co-existence. It is believed that it was the legacy of the author's father as a migrant and his assigning the author the role of an oppositionist from a very young age that shaped his lifelong career of political dissent and solidarity with his Palestinian sisters and brothers.
Making a longitudinal documentary has certain points in common with ethnographic filmmaking. Producers of long docs are more concerned with quietly tracing and chronicling the lives of others in a way calculated to elicit a more reflective and even at times philosophical response from the audience. Viewed in its entirety, The Children of Golzowhas has stronger claim than any of its counterparts to have performed a chronicling function. Operating in the longitudinal mode allows for several different approaches to filming, dependent on the medium in which the filmmaker is working, on the wishes or policies of the funding agent and on particular design features incorporated into the original project. Any discussion about the rival merits of fixed interval and arrhythmic approaches also has to take into account the role of the respective sponsoring institution.
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book presents a picture of a divided historiography, and is concerned with the perpetrators, the victims and the bystanders. Even contemporary debates about Holocaust perpetrators are grafted on top of much more fundamental disagreements regarding the nature of morality and responsibility in the modern world. Holocaust historiography from the late 1950s onwards is in many ways the story of an attempt to escape those original contexts, and to assert the persecution of the Jews as a subject in and of itself. Once the destruction of the European Jews had been wrenched from some of its wider contexts, exemplified by the universal adoption of the term Holocaust, then modernist, singular, all-encompassing explanations of its development and perpetration followed.
This chapter introduces John Donne, a writer whose work has been analysed for traces of his precise religious allegiances, noting that the current study has chosen some of Donne's poems and aims to study his texts as performances, with little to no regard for the underlying ‘meanings’ found in the texts. It then studies the concept of performance and several performance theories, arguing the merits of conducting a performative analysis on texts from the early modern period. Finally, the chapter explains why John Donne – along with several of his works – was chosen to be analysed for the present study.