This chapter discusses the move to modern meteorology, the science of weather. As meteorology has moved from antiquity through modernity, as we’ve sliced and diced the various aspects of weather into measurable, quantifiable units, we have demystified and changed our thinking about weather altogether. Without question, this conceptual slicing and dicing has increased our understanding of weather phenomena and improved the predictive validity of our forecasts, but it has also in many ways removed us from the most hazardous front lines of weather. The objective of this chapter is more epistemic than practical, to suggest that our relationship with weather has changed as we’ve learned to conceptualize weather differently. The final section of the chapter discusses the ways in which the demystification and quantification of weather has been adapted to characterize weather and its impacts as risk.

Relationship science spans multiple disciplines of inquiry, ranging from neuroscience to demography, and is a dynamic enterprise, rich with ongoing discovery. The field’s breadth and pace thus present both challenges and opportunities to those who introduce it to others. This chapter draws on surveys and interviews of instructors to consider their choices of the topics they teach, comparing the content of relationships courses from one discipline to another. Substantial similarities and disciplinary distinctiveness are both found to exist. Then, we focus on the partnerships between teachers and their students, examining how specific relationship processes (such as self-disclosure) and qualities of instructors (such as empathy and immediacy) contribute to student engagement and learning. We also address new challenges in the teaching of relationship science that include the remote nature of online instruction, the increasing diversity of our students, and the emergence of generative artificial intelligence. Finally, the value of relationships courses to the students who take them is assessed.

This case discusses the management of multiple casualties exposed to riot control agents, such as pepper spray and tear gas, during a large protest. It emphasizes the importance of prehospital preparation, proper decontamination procedures, and the differentiation of symptoms caused by various chemical agents. Critical actions such as triaging patients, managing those with severe respiratory symptoms, and ensuring appropriate consultations for complicated cases are addressed.

Women’s musical clubs flourished in the United States between 1875 and 1925, as their activities shifted from the domestic space into more public and professional venues. The Amateur Musical Club of Chicago (AMC) was among the oldest in the country, conceived in 1873, founded in 1875, and incorporated not-for-profit in 1890. The AMC assumed a central role in Chicago’s musical landscape and provided a model for other fledgling clubs to formalize and expand their club operations. Rose Fay Thomas, the club’s second president, recognized this influence and shared the logistical and artistic concerns of many clubwomen. In 1893, Thomas convened an assembly of leaders from thirty-four women’s musical clubs at the Chicago World’s Fair. The four-day convention featured speeches and recitals on behalf of each club, collectively demonstrating their common missions, challenges, and rewards, as well as their musical talents and tastes. The meeting established a network of women’s musical clubs in the US and ultimately led to the foundation of the National Federation of Music Clubs.

Training and development are key drivers of long-term employee growth and retention. This chapter explores compensation strategies tied to workforce training, tuition reimbursement, and skill development incentives. It highlights the return on investment (ROI) of employee learning programs and their role in sustaining competitive advantage. The chapter provides insights into structuring training-related compensation policies to maximize employee engagement and performance.

The first sheepdog trial was held on the estate of Richard Lloyd Price in 1873. Ironically, he was more committed to field trials, where gundogs competed against each other to find and retrieve shot gamebirds. As a founding member of the newly formed Kennel Club, he willingly helped with its newest venture, which tested shepherds and their Collies. He was just twenty-one years old when he first entered dogs into shows and remained active in canine affairs for fifty years.

This chapter first recalls the time-independent Bogoliubov–deGennes equations for the equilibrium case and shows their equivalence to the Gor’kov approach for inhomogeneous fermionic superfluidity at equilibrium. It then considers the extension of the Bogoliubov–deGennes approach to the nonequilibrium case in the framework of the Kadanoff–Baym equations, once implemented at the mean-field level. Properties of the solutions are considered in detail.

Sisyphus, in the Greek legend, was punished by being forced to roll a huge boulder up a steep hill, and then watch it roll back down again, repeating this cycle endlessly. David Marquand, through his many writings, but particularly in his great biography of Ramsay MacDonald, offers many deep insights into these social democratic dilemmas. Those, like Marquand, who wanted a social democratic transformation of Britain, constitutional and social reform and a new social democratic citizenry, were also often despairing of the Labour Party as a vehicle for social reform. This chapter examines Marquand's interpretation of MacDonald, and his social democratic critique of Labourism, contrasting it with the very different interpretation by Ralph Miliband in his socialist critique of Labourism, Parliamentary Socialism, first published in 1961. Labourism, the ideology of the Labour movement, was conservative, pragmatic, realist and defensive, rather than radical and transformative.

Which class of psychotropic medications is FDA approved for borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

Chapter 10 discusses how language can be used for economic gain and some of the related myths about economics and language. We provide case studies on how certain types of names are discriminated against on resumes, the language used to describe coffee, and how language can be used to evoke different socioeconomic classes – for example, streets having Spanish names in upper-class white English-speaking communities.

This chapter explores the pivotal role of DJs in shaping electronic dance music through their dual function as curators and innovators in the genre’s evolution. The discussion traces the DJ’s influence from the early days of synthesised music, through the post-disco era, to contemporary digital practices. It emphasises how DJs, through their record collections and live performances, drive genre formation and preservation. Examples include the archival work of Frankie Knuckles and Sven Väth, and the establishment of the Museum of Modern Electronic Music (MOMEM). Fiketscher argues that DJs’ extensive music collections and their role in curating and presenting music are crucial in documenting and defining dance music history. This comprehensive view highlights DJs as both historical archivists and genre-defining artists in electronic dance music.

This chapter provides a critical analysis of the material scope of NIAC and is divided into seven sections. The first explores the material concepts of NIAC pursuant to both CA3 and APII,  and explores how the drafters understood these  concept and how it has been interpreted in practice. Second, it examines the concept of NIAC contained in Additional Protocol II of 1977, looking at how its distinct identity emerged, as well as its specific material elements. The second section explores some of the legal and operational challenges that arise from the existence of two categories of NIAC, and in particular how the activation of APII can fragment the applicable legal regime, resulting in fluctuating levels of protection during NIAC. The fourth section undertakes a comparative analysis of the material scope and associated threshold of NIAC pursuant to the Tadić definition of NIAC (CA3) and that contained in APII, in order to identify areas of convergence and divergence. The fifth section explores how developments in both customary and conventional IHL applicable during NIAC have influenced its material scope and, in particular, the level of organization armed groups require in order to qualify as a Party to a NIAC. Following from the conclusions of sections four and five, the sixth section assesses the continued relevance of the distinction between CA3 and APII NIACs in practice.

This chapter provides an overview of major empirically supported approaches to treating relationship distress among committed couples based upon criteria proposed by Chambless and Hollon (1998). Based on these criteria, we discuss behavioral couple therapy and its derivatives, including cognitive behavioral couple therapy and integrative behavioral couple therapy; emotionally focused couple therapy, and insight-oriented couple therapy. Each approach’s underlying theory and empirical support are described. We also note the development of a trans-theoretical model emphasizing central factors across theoretical approaches. This chapter also examines theoretical and empirical work on couple interventions beyond treatment of general distress to applications with specific, difficult-to-treat relationship problems, such as intimate partner violence (IPV). We also review couple-based interventions for individual problems, with an overview of some empirically-supported conjoint treatments for psychopathology. In addition, we address the importance of ensuring that interventions are sensitive and appropriate for couples traditionally underrepresented in empirical studies of couples (e.g., older couples, same-sex couples). Finally, we briefly discuss teletherapy and internet-based interventions to assist couples.

Fortunato Depero developed a pragmatic, multi-layered and polarised approach to the machine, oscillating between artisan and industrial practice, traditional craftsmanship and the appeal of radically modern modalities of production and consumption. Depero’s machine aesthetics spanned a vast field, from mechanised fairy-tales and robotic puppets in plastic merry-go-rounds (Balli plastici) to a distinctively metallised machine form (‘style of steel’). Depero’s expatriations away from the rural periphery of Rovereto in north-eastern Italy to the hub of technological capitalism in New York were conversant with standardisation, engineering and industry. Depero’s urban modernity was encoded in the New York skyscraper. The chapter considers the collaboration between Depero and Fedele Azari.