The appropriation of black creativity has long driven the development of electronic dance music. While the electronic aspect of EDM, its distinctive relation to audio and computer technology, may seem an exception, a coherent discourse based in Afro-futurism sees black appropriation of technologies usually coded ‘white’ as itself creative, a form of bricolage that repurposes obsolete or deprecated technologies through transformative misuse. Tracking the evolution of this ‘secret technology’ requires careful attention to both dance music’s black roots and its silicon-coloured offshoots. Focusing on the technological underpinnings of acid house, UK rave, and breakbeat hardcore, this survey uses historical sources, technical manuals, and first-hand accounts to explore in detail how micro-generations of EDM producers built upon each other’s mistakes, turning the weaknesses of obsolete devices like the Roland TB-303 bassline synth, the Akai S950 digital sampler, and the Commodore Amiga PC into spurs for sonic innovation.

Chapter 7 discusses how language and computer use interact and some of the problems that can occur when relying on natural language processing and machine learning. We discuss some of the benefits and challenges of automatic parsing, how algorithms are applied and can alter what gets shown in searches, and more. We provide several examples of AI generation gone wrong and encourage caution when using large language models, but also how knowledge about linguistics and how language works can inform our own use of language-based technology.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, a revolutionary idea began spreading throughout the UK: shouldn’t working people be given educational opportunities? Reformers, radical politicians, and working people themselves began establishing mechanics’ institutes, dedicated to disseminating ‘useful knowledge’. This chapter explores the dramatic growth of mechanics’ institutes, and so places the creation of the Manchester Mechanics’ Institution in its historical and intellectual context. It examines the hostility the institutes encountered from high politics and established religion, as well as setting out reasons for their huge success. What was ‘useful knowledge’? Was it a form of ‘social control’ or did working men and women use the institutes for their own empowerment?

This chapter traces the factional conflict over ministerial participation in the SFIO from 1925 to 1933, focusing on how the distinction between “doctrine” and “tactics” was discursively mobilized within this conflict in relation to the changing balance of forces between the factions. Although initially both sides of the conflict agreed that it pertained to a “tactical” and not “doctrinal” question, as the minority favoring socialist ministerial participation grew in strength, their factional rivals began to reinterpret the conflict as a “doctrinal” one in order to delegitimate the minority. While the participationist minority at first rejected this interpretation of the conflict, as a schism came to appear inevitable, they embraced the label of doctrinal heretic that had been imposed upon them. It was thus through the schismatic dynamic itself that “neo-socialism” emerged as a distinct doctrine differentiated from the socialism of the SFIO.

Which of the following is FDA-approved to treat negative symptoms of a primary psychotic disorder?

Two different languages may make use of the same grammatical categories, such as number or tense, but one language may make distinctions within that category that the other does not, or express those distinctions with more complex coding than the other. It is even possible that a grammatical category expressed in one language is entirely absent from the other. Second language learning thus requires a comparative approach. The learner must understand the rules and structures in both L1 and L2 order to identify how the languages differ from each other. This requires a “metalanguage” for thinking and speaking about language structure. An understanding of basic morphosyntactic concepts provides just such a metalanguage. Using comparative case studies with data from English, Spanish, German, and Norwegian, this chapter demonstrates the usefulness for second language learning of morphosyntactic concepts such as tense, modality, aspect, finite, infinitive, participle, imperfective, past prospective, gerund, nominalization, definite, indefinite, reflexive, modifier, argument, constituent, complement, dependent clause, relative clause, conjunction, and subordinator.

Chapter 4 explains the key parameters of the Court’s adjudication and the role ‘democratic society’ plays in the Court’s reasoning. I explain the rise of ‘procedural review’ as a facet of subsidiarity and highlight implications for the proportionality analysis of the Court and their relevance in the populist context. It also explains how ‘democratic society’ can be used heuristic device to explore the Court’s interpretive equipment and identify the principled link between proportionality and democracy.

As far back as Aristotle, humans have been recognized as social animals. Most scholars, regardless of their theoretical background, agree that social connections are the basis of the human condition. From birth, and even before, our relationships with others are key to survival (Reis et al., 2000). Infants who have close social bonds with their primary caretakers are more likely to thrive during their lives than those who do not (Groh et al., 2017). As children grow, their primary dyadic relationships proliferate into webs of social connections (Weeks & Asher, Chapter 8, this volume). These social connections, in turn, give rise to the creativity, structure, and ingenuity that allow us to improve society. Clearly, the advances that humans have made depend heavily on collective action.

In July 1866 Rachel Robins and Virgil Harrell married. After centuries of commoditized kinship, my grandmother’s grandfather celebrated citizenship by claiming kin. But emancipated people had a freedom vision that exceeded liberal ideology. As in other post-emancipation societies, many wanted land to become smallholders. They elected John Gair and other Black politicians. At great personal cost, they organized, voted, and armed to defend themselves against vigilante forces. But this couple and others learned the limits of liberal inclusion. Emancipation and enfranchisement set a new stage for an old conflict between people who believed in the power of democracy and those committed to white power over all else.

The chapter examines the concept of acting in concert in the EU Takeover Directive and the way in which it has been implemented in the Member States, highlighting the diversity and uncertainty that result from the low level of harmonisation. Acting in concert basically performs an anti-elusive function. But some Member States have expanded the role of acting in concert beyond the Takeover Directive requirement, by imposing the mandatory bid even when no acquisition of shares takes place, but only an agreement or understanding among shareholders for the common exercise of their voting rights. The main practical function of this extension of the mandatory bid system is to avoid the difficulties of proving a concert in relation to the acquisition of shares. But it also creates legal uncertainty for investors who engage in ordinary forms of cooperation on corporate governance matters. The chapter concludes that the concept of acting in concert, which originated as an anti-circumvention rule, has been subject to a process of expansion that may jeopardise situations of shareholder collaboration that do not affect the control and management of the company.

You will have seen that a significant part of legal reasoning is linked to interpretation, and that the law plays an important part in shaping the rules of interpretation. This is especially true in the interpretation of legislation, which forms most of the conceptual terrain in which contemporary criminal law is located. This chapter introduces some of the core concepts linked to statutory interpretation principles applicable to the criminal law. Please note that this is by no means a comprehensive review but serves as an introductory overview.

Chapter 15 explains the academic jargon surrounding the ranking of journals, differences in the experience of publishing with journals of various tiers, and how to make the best decision about where one should attempt to publish one’s work. We also discuss predatory publishers and journals and how to recognize and avoid them.