This explores the ending and aftermath of the strike at a macro-level in Scotland, from October 1984 onwards. The roles of the Conservative government, NCB management and the police are considered. Community- and colliery-level factors remained paramount, with substantial resistance from below, even as this official resumption was underway. The immediate aftermath of the strike is then detailed, through examining the pit-level tensions and difficulties that followed, including relations between unions and management, and former strikers and former strike-breakers.

In this chapter, the author confronts the challenges of referencing a coherent civil society in South Korea and instead returns to foundational moments or events in democratic history from the Gwangju Uprising in 1980 to the Citizens’ Alliance for the 2000 General Elections (CAGE). This chapter provides an ethnographic account of the historical and contemporary entanglements that defined Roh Moo Hyun’s administration (2003-2008), civil movement organisations, and the author herself as an American anthropologist in South Korea.

This chapter provides an analysis of the photographs published in student newspapers during May and June 1968, considering these photographs not simply as an 'exercise in nostalgia', but as a path to re-explore, rethink and discuss the French May 1968. It discusses the contradictory character of the May movement and the failure of the student movement to connect with the workers' movement in an effective way. The students' demands were not restricted to the democratisation and decentralisation of the French educational system and the subsequent ending of class bias, the modernisation of an outdated curriculum and the decrease in unemployment. Photographs of policemen brutally beating protesters with truncheons appeared in almost all the issues of Action. The movement soon went far beyond its university origins to unite students, workers and professionals in a common struggle against General Charles de Gaulle's regime.

Rents for the new houses, and extra travel costs to work, were too high for the poorer tenants. The council selected tenants for its new estates and slum dwellers were not usually on the lists. By the late 1920s, focus was shifting away from general housing provision for the working classes to the much bigger problem of clearing and replacing the inner-city slums. The council was in a strong position when it came to clearing the slums, planning and building new houses. Preference for housing was an ideal shared by the council, social reformers and tenants alike. Investigators were left in no doubt that tenants wanted to live in cottages. Elements in the council and the voluntary sector believed that tenants, although victims of their environment, needed assistance in managing their homes. Reactions to slum-clearance plans in Hulme were an early indication of tenant capabilities when faced with unpopular policies.

The most common misinterpretation of the graphic devices in Alasdair Gray's novels is that they are signifiers of postmodernist play and nothing more. Lanark: A Life in Four Books, a large and complex novel, has been included in discussions of Scottish literature, urban writing, science fiction and post-modernism. Lanark: A Life in Four Books extends its narrative to offer a full fictional biography; it does not stop with the suicide that closes Duncan Thaw's bildungsroman but continues into Lanark's adulthood and old age. Lanark is a text which is emphatically conveyed to us by the typographical unity of a book. The chapter shows that through its individual typographical conventions and exceptional visual devices Lanark unites its disjunctions and generates dynamic contextual perspectives for the reader.

This chapter examines Francis Hutchinson's view on those subjects considered unorthodox, vulgar or enthusiastic by his contemporaries, such as astrology, modern miracles and divine inspiration. Hutchinson's view of angels was as orthodox as his view of modern miracles. What Hutchinson regarded as enthusiastic was almost always that which Anglican orthodoxy held to be socially dangerous, vulgar or enthusiastic. The symptom of enthusiasm was thought to be delusion, caused by mental disorder or demonic intervention, or sometimes both together. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Church of England clerics opposed religious enthusiasm, because they believed it posed a direct threat to the established Church and the status quo. The religious threat from enthusiasm stemmed from the fact that enthusiasts claimed to have experienced direct divine inspiration.

In this chapter, Levine approaches sacrifice as a practical and praxiological demonstration of commitment, which is what many civil pioneers treated as the basis for a ‘green life.’ Sacrifice has been mobilised across the political spectrum in South Korean history, which this chapter explores, but ‘one working as one hundred (ildangbaek)’ is a particular idiom of sacrifice that captures the superhuman aspiration to act despite the physical, financial, organisational, and expertise limits civil movement organisations regularly confronted.

Post-war slum clearance effectively began in Manchester from 1954. Slum clearance and rehousing was made the focal point of all council thinking. In September 1962, the Assistant Secretary at the Ministry of Housing and Local Government gave and announcement. It said that a special group of technical officers would be established in the city to give advice and assistance to local authorities in Manchester and other areas throughout the north and midlands. The group was to co-operate with local authorities, not only in preparing slum-clearance programmes but also in promoting standardised system-built programmes. While the post-war housing programme stuttered between periods of limited activity and radical change, little attention was paid to tenant ambitions. They remained on the periphery of the entire policy process. However, as problems mounted, some of them became increasingly angry and frustrated.