This chapter begins by introducing administration – the action of issuing and adhering to binding and impersonal instructions – as the exercise of internal authority attributed by the treaty-basis of international organizations to the principle executive officer, their delegates and regulating governance organ. Second, the legal principles of administration are identified, namely: (1) Administrative authority is unilateral, but may not be arbitrary; (2) Internal law must be adhered to, but may be amended; and (3) Structural terms of employment cannot be suppressed. Third, two attendant legal duties of administration are considered, as follows: (1) Administration must be diligent; and (2) Administration must ensure safety. Fourth, the relevance of practice to administration is considered. Fifth, and in conclusion, this employment law of administration at international organizations is restated.

This chapter introduces nominal frictions via the canonical New Keynesian model, which is the basic building block of models with nominal frictions. In this model, a representative household, a final goods firm, a continuum of intermediate goods firms, and a government/central bank interact in the economy. Different from the canonical real business cycle model, all relevant prices are set in nominal terms and, moreover, the prices of the intermediate goods are sticky -- they do not adjust instantaneously. This feature opens the door to monetary policy (controlled by the central bank) to modify the equilibrium in the economy. The goal of the chapter is to lay out the equilibrium conditions of the model, a process that is far from trivial.

The concluding Appendix seeks to understand how the detailed results of the previous chapters fit in with the broader current mathematical landscape. We explain how the Ando lifting problem fits in as a particular instance of the Arveson C-star algebra dilation framework. Within the Arveson framework, we identify an additional distinctive feature, namely the identification of a companion contraction, as an additional piece of structure. We identify some remaining open problems concerning commuting contractive pairs, which should be a fertile area for future research.

Here we give a short Introduction to Sz.-Nagy–Foias classical theory and then briefly describe the main contribution chapterwise.

The third chapter asks what happens to Holocaust memory and migration when it is triangulated with representations of gender. Starting with the analysis of gender stereotypes as shown in fiction by Julia Franck and Jenny Erpenbeck, this chapter analyses literary imaginations of Jewish women – most notably, in the depiction of stereotypes of the Belle Juive, and of the Jewish mother – alongside subversions of those stereotypes in memoirs and autofiction, and of gender identity more generally in works by Erpenbeck and by Adriana Altaras. With Sasha Marianna Salzmann’s more recent representations of Jewish and Muslim protagonists, we enter a new mode of transgender individuals who negotiate their now more contiguous identities of Jewishness, Muslim identity, and others in relation to new gender identities. In those new fictional stories, Holocaust memory serves as a contiguous or touching framework presenting gender identity vis-à-vis Muslim or Jewish identity. Holocaust survivor experience is no longer front and center, but rather a pertinent background reminding readers of the protagonists’ varied familial and gendered connections with it.

This chapter examines the decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), which rely primarily on sociotechnical infrastructures supplied by blockchain technology and consist substantially of combinations of shared computer code and shared data. The chapter considers DAOs using the governing knowledge commons (GKC) research framework, contrasting the GKC perspective with long-standing views of the corporate form as a nexus of contracts, as an instance of hierarchy and decision theory, and as a complex system. The analysis is set against the context of earlier work on the corporation as commons. The chapter concludes that the GKC framework focuses attention on elements of governance that often are not salient in conventional accounts. This is especially true of the important question of how governance responds to and generates social dilemmas associated specifically with practices of sharing knowledge, information, and data.

This chapter begins by asking the question, what is the employment law at international organizations? The answer – international administrative law – implements the treaty-basis of international organizations. Second, the chapter sets out how this book paradigmatically structures international administrative law as the encounter between the status of the international civil service, administrative authority at international organizations and the influence of judgments of international administrative tribunals. Third, this book interprets international administrative law as a framework of interconnected legal principles and legal duties. Fourth, and in conclusion, the chapter identifies ways in which the book may be useful to different types of readers, namely: the employees and managers at international organizations; Member States; lawyers and students of the law; and those wanting to apply the employment law at international organizations to circumstances that seem advanced, rather than introductory.

Chapter 6 addresses carriers of implicit meaning: entailments, presuppositions, and Gricean implicatures, and the organization of genre, interactional, and metapragmatic indicators in the appeals. Particular attention is paid to the information communicated by presupposition, most notably the existence of the various rights invoked by the appeals. The chapter examines the presupposition triggers active in the texts: definite noun phrases, change of state expressions, factive predicates, implicative expressions, iteratives, quantifiers, temporal adverbials, expressions of judging, comparison and contrast, non-restrictive relative clauses, and questions. It addresses issues of politeness and the threats to interactors’ positive and negative face raised by implications of responsibility for violations of human rights by appeal addressees. The chapter accounts for patterns of dialogicality in the appeals: concessions to the appeal addressees and rebuttals of those concessions; invitations to respond to the appeals; and expressions of gratitude for the addressees’ attention to the concerns of the appeals. It concludes with an analysis of metapragmatic indicators in the appeals.

This essay asks if the war and society approach needs reinforcement to fully capture the history of the Cold War. Both within the United States and around the globe, the Cold War was many wars: a theoretical war of nuclear threats; an armed and active conflict; a covert war; and a domestic crusade. Is a war and society framework adequate to describe a conflict of such dimensions? This essay probes the interpretive possibilities of adding a war as society frame to buttress the war and society approach. Focusing on the American Cold War’s geographies (where was it fought?), its warriors (who fought it?), and its timelines (when did it begin, and did it actually end?), I explore the myriad ways in which Americans experienced a multi-front and seemingly permanent war. Policymakers wanted everyone to be drafted into some kind of service for the Cold War, but Americans ultimately rejected that call. They could support a national security state to conduct the war, but they ultimately wanted a healthy distance from the battles. They sought coexistence–war and society–not fusion–war as society.

The Introduction establishes Calvin and Perception’s central contribution: interpreting the perceptual themes of John Calvin’s Institutes through a historically grounded account of early modern perception, rather than the post-Cartesian assumptions about vision and knowledge that have silently shaped previous scholarship. Returning the text to the visual culture of its time – in which the imagination, not the intellect, governed the pre-conscious processing of sense data – yields a new “perception versus delusion” paradigm. This interpretive lens reframes Calvin’s magnum opus as an intervention designed to suppress imaginative dysfunction and to enable the accurate perception that naturally issues in piety.

This chapter examines William Burroughs as a radical world builder within science fiction, exploring how his early and late works engage deeply with the genre’s tropes – time travel, space opera, interplanetary conflict, and dystopian urban control. From the Cut-Up/Nova trilogy to The Wild Boys and the Red Night trilogy, Burroughs constructs fragmented urban landscapes and hybrid futures that destabilize genre conventions and resist linear narrative. Situating Burroughs among proto-SF, Golden Age authors, and the New Wave of the 1960s, Hougue explores how his stylistic innovations – especially the cut-up method – helped redefine the speculative tradition. Clémentine Hougue traces Burroughs’ influence on writers like Samuel Delany, William Gibson, and Kathy Acker, showing how his mutating urban imaginaries prefigure cyberpunk and experimental SF. Moving from dystopian insurrections to utopian reimaginings of space and time, Burroughs’ work becomes a site of poetic and political speculation, operating at the boundaries of genre and form.