Jim Woodward has, for a number of years, been a leading philosophical theorist of causation, playing a particularly prominent role in the articulation of the influential theory of interventionism as outlined in his book, Making Things Happen (Woodward, 2003). Readers are therefore in for a treat in this essay (Chapter 2) in which he reviews his current thinking about causation as it applies to psychiatric research and more particularly to the clarification of the impact of environmental risk factors by epidemiological methods. In this introduction, I will seek only to expand on a modest number of points among the many he covers in this review. Most of my points are focused on one relatively well researched risk factor for psychiatric disorders – childhood sexual abuse.

The general problem of three bodies, considered by Whittaker as “the most celebrated of all dynamical problems”, is stated as follows.

Continuing the aletheistic tradition, Anselm’s most innovative writing, the Proslogion, adopts the form of Augustine’s Confessions, namely an overheard address to God, but he makes progress on the question of divine reference by deploying, in dialogue with the point of view of the atheist, a linguistic deferred ostension of God as that than which nothing greater can be thought. One and the same formula picks God out, establishes his reality, and guides our continued reflection.

Phenomenology is necessary if the phenomenon in question is hidden. But, as Schellenberg and Nietzsche before him observe, God is hidden; therefore, a phenomenology of God is necessary. This phenomenology of God is called “aletheism” from the Greek word for truth, which, with its alpha-privative, implies that the condition for the possibility of truth is hiddenness; aletheism explores the way God, just to be the creator, would have to be hidden to creation.

Creativity and innovation involve moving beyond conventional solutions, preconceptions, disciplinary boundaries, and assumptions about materials. They rely on a style of thinking termed open-minded engagement: playful, nimble, and cognitively flexible, and receptive to and embracing of new ideas, values, beliefs, lifestyles, and cultures, but in a critical and bounded way. This chapter surveys philosophical and empirical literature to explore how such thinking is engaged and developed through the arts. It suggests that if you can embrace and accept that you may not quite know what could happen, pause on projecting your preconceptions, be open to what the artwork is saying to you on its own terms, you will surely engage more fully, come to understand more about the artworks and artist themselves, and deepen your own capacity for continued openness.

The book concludes with reflections on the implications of the documented instances of group and bureaucrat involvement in crafting a significant proportion of our state laws. Tracking the relative success that various actors have in getting their petitions transformed into statutory law is essential in furthering our understanding of whose voices are heard in this important branch of state power. My book project makes a major contribution to understanding state legislative decision making, interest group involvement, and interbranch interactions. Whose preferences are reflected at the agenda setting stage and ultimately passed? This chapter concludes that the volume, correlates of uptake, and relative success of these bills demonstrate that this pathway to legislation is a key to understanding how law is made in these important legislative institutions.

The central topic here is the entity known as ‘Grub Street’, referring to the milieu comprising figures in the book trade and to their output. Various ways of defining this term are outlined, including historical, sociological, topographical, national, legal, political, educational, technical, moral, and conceptual modes of approach. A brief comparison is made between English experience and the world of clandestine literature in France during the Enlightenment. The bookseller’s quarrels with Pope and Defoe are analysed, along with the notion of ‘Curlicism’, invented by Defoe and proudly adopted by Curll himself. A range of publishing stratagems and misleading devices are described to illustrate Curll’s practice. Two notable features are his proclivity for issuing wills of recently deceased figures of note; and his repeated insertion of ‘keys’ to scandalous materials he published on current celebrities.

A 60-year-old otherwise healthy woman with no medical history presents to the emergency department with 10 days of progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness, numbness, and dull back pain, now with the inability to stand unsupported. She reports a previous upper respiratory infection 1 month prior. She now states she has decreased sensation from the mid-abdomen downward and admits to new bowel and bladder incontinence.

Within the aletheistic tradition, Aquinas thinks creation, as a linguistic act, involves the theme of interpersonal manifestation. He is therefore able to overcome the apparent artificiality of Anselm’s linguistic ostension by setting the deferred ostension back into both the structure of created being and the natural longing for happiness.

Practicums in social work are referred to as the profession’s signature pedagogy, where students put their learning to work under the guidance of seasoned professionals. Students of color, however, face uneven experiences in the predominantly white social work profession. While on one hand they are sought after because in some cases they reflect the clientele being served, they are also easily dismissed and encounter various levels of conflict with the practicum instructor. This chapter examines these experiences using LatCrit methodology.