This chapter contrasts the growing acceptance of anger and grief in political theory with the persistent, one-sided pathologization of fear. While anger and grief are now frequently defended as politically valuable, fear is still dismissed as a primitive, irrational force threatening public life. Rather than defend fear, however, I criticise a pervasive argument against it, which relies on two dubious claims: (1) neuroscientific findings supposedly prove fear is inherently destructive in politics and (2) entire groups are driven by fear. I dispute the first claim by drawing on the work of LeDoux to show that ‘fear’ in neuroscientific research often differs fundamentally from the subjective experience of fear that critics often target. I dispute the second by arguing that attributions of fear to social groups and populations frequently hinge on weak evidence, such as conflating perceived threat with the emotional state of fear. Finally, I argue that the fear of fear in political theory is harmful. It fuels unwarranted attributions of fear that oversimplify the complexities of political behaviour and risk compounding the marginalisation of socio-economically disadvantaged people.

Early modern European imperialism in the Americas is distinctive in the broader history of empires in its fusion of economic interests and geopolitical rivalries with religious objectives and rationales, despite sectarian divides. Taking a comparative hemispheric perspective, this chapter provides an overview of the imperial contexts in which colonial literatures emerged in the Spanish, Portuguese, British, and French empires in the Americas and describes the development of the various colonial literary and generic landscapes in these realms in terms of their diverse modes of economic exploitation and political domination within an emergent global capitalist system.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century AD. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well as offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century AD. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well as offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.

We treat the crystalline structure as a vibrating ensemble. The energy is expressed as a Taylor series, whose different terms correspond to various physical properties. The solution is provided using perturbation theory.

Access to justice is a critical element of the rule of law, ensuring individuals can exercise their legal rights and resolve disputes through formal and alternative mechanisms. In the Netherlands, the judiciary plays a vital role in facilitating this access, but challenges remain, particularly for vulnerable groups. This paper introduces voorRecht-rechtspraak, an innovative online dispute resolution platform designed to address three key barriers to access: the presumption of citizen self-reliance, limited accessibility of legal aid, and the high costs of legal proceedings. Through a user-centred design and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), voorRecht offers tools to support self-resolution of disputes while also providing structured human assistance for more complex cases. AI-driven features, such as simplified case-law summaries and semantic search functionality, improve the accessibility of legal information for non-experts, empowering citizens to engage with the law more effectively. While voorRecht is still in an iterative phase of development, early insights highlight its potential to reshape access to justice in the Dutch legal system.

This chapter traces the demobilisation process of the British National Party’s Red, White, and Blue festival campaign. The party had mobilised this campaign in attempts to reform its image and boost its electoral prospects, wanting to be known as family-friendly rather than fascist. The qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) locates it in the anti-far-right militancy pattern of demobilisation. By tracing the case, the chapter confirms the causation implied by the QCA pattern: militant counter-mobilisation drove a diminishing returns mechanism whereby increased costs of maintaining the campaign combined with decreased benefits, both directly resulting from private coercion, caused demobilisation.

This chapter explores the foundations from which cultural variability in emotion emerges by providing a theoretical framework to query degrees of universality for different emotion components. We first review two dominant approaches in affective science that diverge on the extent to which culture is deemed central for emotion: the basic emotions approach and the psychological constructionist approach. Then we apply Norenzayan and Heine’s hierarchical system of cultural universals to the empirical literature on cultural variation in two components of emotion: felt experience and nonverbal expression. In reviewing representative sets of findings, we suggest that while some aspects of emotional experience may be existential universals, nonverbal expressions may reflect functional universals. Our chapter emphasizes the interplay between biological preparedness and cultural learning in shaping emotions. To enable fruitful discussions between scholars of varied research traditions, we advocate for a common set of criteria to evaluate cultural similarities and differences in emotion.

This recounts my admittance to the University of Tokyo Hospital for the intensive chemotherapy, and the initially rocky interactions with some oncologists.

Chapter 5 examines constitutional, legislative, and judicial developments in protecting the rights of nature in the United States and around the world. While significant progress has been made in advancing the rights of nature, there is an evolving backlash movement that has sought to declare such efforts unconstitutional. In the United States, rights of nature initiatives have been successfully implemented in many Indigenous communities and at the local government level, though some states have invalidated or are seeking to invalidate local rights of nature protections. The chapter provides an in-depth exploration of nations that have implemented rights of nature measures in their constitutions, legislation, and case law. Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia have been leaders in Latin America in promoting rights of nature protections. The chapter also compares New Zealand’s leadership on rights of nature measures with Australia’s challenges in making progress in this space. The chapter concludes with summaries of leading International Rights of Nature Tribunal decisions from various countries, with a focus on rights of nature analysis in the context of climate change challenges.

This chapter examines the development of Spanish music in the seventeenth century, a period often described as one of decline following the Golden Age of Renaissance polyphony. Challenging this view, it highlights the cultural transformations that reshaped secular music, particularly its ties to poetry, theatre, and dance. The expansion of public theatres and the rise of new poetic forms, such as the romance nuevo, influenced musical composition, fostering the development of tonos humanos. Stylistic shifts included the growing prominence of the strummed guitar, the popularity of dance-songs like the zarabanda and chacona, and the widespread adoption of triple metre with hemiolas. The chapter also explores the role of music in Spanish theatre, distinguishing between public and courtly productions, and examines the emergence of mythological zarzuelas and comedias with extensive musical content. Additionally, it offers a fresh perspective on sacred music, stressing the interplay between traditional elements and new concertato conventions, as well as the enduring significance of the villancico in churches throughout the period and beyond. By drawing on both written sources and oral traditions, this study reframes seventeenth-century Spanish music as a dynamic and evolving landscape, marked by distinct and innovative characteristics, rather than a mere decline from earlier heights.

The press publishers’ right (granted under Art. 15 of the EU’s 2019 Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market) equips publishers with a legal basis for negotiations with digital intermediaries. However, the process of bargaining has not been specified by the EU legislator, which left it to the discretion of EU Member States and the market. This chapter examines the four main approaches to the operationalisation of the press publishers’ right in the EU, in contrast with the bargaining framework that has evolved in Australia without the underpinning of a new intellectual property right. It analyses these frameworks from the perspective of ‘bargaining in the shadow of the law’ to understand the relationship between statutory law and private bargaining as mediated by institutional frameworks. By defining and coding key parameters concerning the bargaining parties, their endowments (bargaining chips), measures to mitigate dependencies and the role played by the authority (such as a regulator), the chapter shows that bargaining frameworks sit as complex institutional constraints between pure private ordering and the law. It is the shape of the bargaining framework that matters for the range and frequency of agreements between press publishers and digital platforms.

This chapter defines the key techniques of African American poetry invested in digital technology and internet community as "remix" and "sampling," and traces how these techniques derive from a pursuit of liberation that, it argues, has been at the heart of the African American poetic tradition since the first enslaved poets wrote. It identifes how Black digital poetics continues to challenges dominant narratives that diminish the Black body as commodity in the service of nationalist and colonizing practices. It demonstrates how digital poetics uses its techniques to imagine non-hierarchical ways of being and knowing.