Chapter 2 considers how requirements for Christian officials intersected with ongoing debates and disputes over the definition of orthodoxy in East and West. Eastern emperors and post-imperial kings felt the need to establish forms of consensus which might unite potentially opposing churches and church factions amidst new Christological disputes (in the East) and renewed Trinitarian controversies (in the West). This chapter considers how that pursuit of accommodation affected the practical implementation of ideals of a religiously uniform state. What Eastern emperors seem to have sought (and officials provided) was not personal commitment to a particular Christological orthodoxy, but rather, public support of and administrative co-operation with the current imperial line on its definition. Post-imperial kings adopted similar strategies. While the Hasding dynasty eagerly (and self-consciously) deployed the precedents of Theodosian legislation on religious uniformity within the state, these provisions were quietly shelved elsewhere in the West. This tacit acceptance of Christian diversity within the state maps onto the wider attempts of Burgundian and Ostrogothic regimes and their elite subjects to skirt the implications of doctrinal difference as part of wider strategies of accommodation.

In this chapter, we briefly cover a few other topics related to regression. Each topic is the subject of entire textbooks. Our goal is to give a very concise introduction to each topic. The topics include random effects and empirical Bayes, neural nets and deep learning, survival analysis, graphical models, and time series.

We present a short review of the group-geometric approach to supergravity, from the perspective of recent developments. The central idea is to unify diffeomorphisms, gauge symmetries and supersymmetries into superdiffeomorphisms of a supergroup manifold, whose vielbein contains all the fields of the theory. The example of N = 1 supergravity in d = 4 is discussed in detail, and used to illustrate all the steps in the construction of a group manifold action. Next we discuss free differential algebras (FDA’s), a generalization of the Cartan-Maurer equations for the group manifold vielbein, appropriate for theories containing p-forms (p > 1). Their dual formulation is an extension of Lie algebras, called L∞ algebras. Finally we review the FDA structure of d = 11 supergravity.

We explore the ongoing new great wave of innovation, explaining its origin and purpose. We show with substantial empirical evidence that the current great wave of innovation will unlock the bottlenecks of productivity growth by solving problems in reducing the health burden of an ageing population, simplifying global supply chains and getting rid of our current inefficient use of energy. These three aspects will together unlock enormous economic potential. This is what we call ‘smartification’ of the economy, where, notably, the low-carbon transition has a key role in enabling future growth.

This appendix provides details of the method used throughout the book to measure economic resilience, based on principles of complexity science, statistics and time series analysis.

This chapter, in exploring the implications of Derrida's admission of the example of the Clipper chip into the book version of Politics of Friendship, desacralises the notion of chōra, as ‘the place of possible substitution’, and as ‘third genus’ between the intelligible and the sensible. This opens up a ‘spectrology’ of the in-between in which the importance of design educa¬tion, design practices and designed entities emerges, as media for formal and informal public education, by extension from Derrida's emphasis on the role of literature and the humanities in the university. In doing so, it acknowledges Derrida's emphasis on secrecy or confidentiality for his conception of the relation between the educational and the political. For Derrida, reflection upon the Kantian ethics and politics of friendship should organise itself around the concept of secrecy (PF, 257). The secret is ‘that which one thinks […] must remain secret because an engagement has been entered upon and a promise made in certain non-natural conditions’ (259). It is the in(ter)vention of the third party as witness, however, that prevents the jealous narcissism of the dual, or the n+1, relation of the secret from sinking into abyssal self-reflection, opening the possibility of a moral and a political friendship that nevertheless remains, even for Kant's friend of humankind, within the horizon of cosmopolitics as phratrocentrism, a hori¬zon that Derrida affirmatively deconstructs.

This chapter selects two case studies to examine the presence of global experimentalist governance in ocean acidification governance: the Ocean Acidification Alliance and the International Maritime Organization. The selection distinguishes between ‘suitable’ institutions (addressing one OA activity) and those with ‘significant potential’ (addressing multiple activities within one concern or across concerns). Using a comprehensive table that maps actors and instruments, the chapter analyses how institutions address OA’s three concerns: causes (CO2, NOx/SOx), stressors (e.g., climate change, pollution, and fishing), and adaptation (blue carbon, marine protected areas, and fisheries management). Most institutions show significant potential by addressing concerns in depth and/or breadth. The OA Alliance was selected as the only institution explicitly focused on OA, addressing CO2 emissions and coastal activities. The IMO was chosen for its role in shipping emissions (both CO2 and NOx/SOx) and broader pollution control mandate. These cases differ in legalisation levels and institutional structure, providing diverse perspectives on experimentalist governance challenges. Both have significant potential and focus on CO2, the primary OA driver, making them ideal candidates for testing the implementation of global experimentalist governance.

In this chapter, we consider nonparametric regression when we have more than one feature. First, we show how the methods in Chapter 6 can be extended to handle this case. Then, we consider additive regression, regression trees, and random forests. Another estimator based on neural nets is discussed in Chapter 12.

In the previous chapter we looked at how we use and understand language, now let’s look at the ways that people lose language and also experience language difficulties of various kinds. These aren’t the normal errors and mistakes we’ve already discussed, but are the result of disability, disease, disorder, brain injury, and other factors that can affect speech use and understanding and further impair the ability to read and write. In the US alone, between five to ten percent of the population have various types of communication disorders. The figures are even higher for learning disorders such as dyslexia. All in all, this amounts to millions of people who live with language differences. This chapter discusses how both developmental and acquired disorders affect language processing and production.