Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. Collections & Series
  4. Cambridge Handbooks
  5. Content listing

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Societies Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

12144 results in Cambridge Handbooks

Page 562 of 608

  • 1.11 - Pragmatic psychology

  • from Part I - Psychological underpinnings
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    29 April 2010, pp 95-101

  • Summary

    Pragmatic psychology' is a knowledge model and research method in forensic and all other areas of applied psychology. It focuses on contextualized knowledge about particular individuals, groups, organizations and communities in specific situations, sensitive to the complexities and ambiguities of the real world. Applying pragmatic psychology to the psycholegal domain leads to the 'Psycholegal Lexis Proposal', a call for developing a peer-reviewed, case archive system in forensic psychology that parallels the Lexis or similar computerized database systems so central to legal research and legal reasoning throughout much of the world. In line with the positivist model and tradition, quantitative, population-based measures are employed to provide a normative framework as one way of understanding the individual case; there is a major investment in ensuring methodological rigour in how a case is described and interpreted, including both quantitative and qualitative data; and systematic, behaviourally specific observation is emphasized.

  • 8.6 - Qualitative approaches in relation to forensic research practice

  • from Part VIII - Research practice
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    29 April 2010, pp 830-836

  • Summary

    A starting point is to see qualitative methods as being concerned with words, meanings, understandings and interpretation versus quantification. There are a number of qualitative approaches, including open-ended, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, focus groups, observation, participant observation, ethnography, action research, feminist research, discourse analysis, phenomenological analysis, protocol and conversational analysis, personal construct theory, case studies, grounded theory, and diaries. Many of problems associated with quantitative approaches are well known, and a number of attempts have been made to reduce them. Qualitative approaches are extensively used in forensic psychology; one area which is of particular relevance is that of cognitive distortions. The thesis developed in this chapter is that there is no 'best' approach to carrying out forensic research, as a lot will depend on the nature of the question being asked and the problem being examined.

  • 4.10 - Sexual assault

  • from Part IV - Psychology and criminal behaviour
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    29 April 2010, pp 543-551

  • Summary

    Sexual assault is a complex crime which forensic psychological research has only just begun to understand and explain. This chapter overviews some of the key areas for consideration by practitioners and researchers. The current thinking involves considering five factors, the first of which is attrition, which refers to cases being lost or dropped from various stages in the criminal justice system. The second factor is court issues: the question of consent and the witness testimony. The third is rape myths, which are particularly problematic because they support stereotypical notions of rape. Victim-focused approaches seek to understand rape according to the offender's preference for a certain age of victim, and the relationship between the victim and offender. The fifth factor is the use of drugs or alcohol to commit sexual assault; the relationship between alcohol use and sexual assault is complex and requires further investigation.

  • 2.3 - Crime pattern analysis

  • from Part II - Assessments
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    29 April 2010, pp 159-165

  • Summary

    Crime pattern analysis may be thought of as the systematic approach to examining aspects of volume crime for the purposes of prevention or it may focus on a single crime, or series of a particular crime, for the purposes of detection. Crime opportunities are influenced by types and distribution of housing; accessibility; coincidence of different land use; timing; and community cohesion. Crime mapping involves the manipulation and processing of spatially referenced crime data in order for it to be displayed visually in an output that is informative to the particular user. The crime pattern theory was developed by Brantingham and Brantingham, who propose that offenders conduct their criminal activities at the intersection of their awareness space and target space. Crime mapping began as a series of pins manually stuck onto maps representing the location of crimes, which has since given way to computerized mapping.

  • 14 - Race and Mental Health: Patterns and Challenges

  • from Part II - The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 268-290

  • Summary

    The current racial categories reflect the convergence of geographic origins, exposure to prejudice and discrimination, and socioeconomic disadvantage. This chapter provides an overview of the mental health status for each minority population and evaluates the available scientific evidence of racial variations in mental health. In considering directions for future research, the chapter emphasizes the need to identify the ways in which the mental health problems of each group emerge from the larger social context in which the group is embedded. Race is strongly associated with socioeconomic status (SES), with American Indians, Hispanics, Blacks, and certain subgroups of the Asian and Pacific Islander population having lower levels of multiple indicators of SES than the White population. Challenges deriving from the adaptation to mainstream American culture and socioeconomic disadvantage can lead minority group members to experience high levels of stressful experiences that could adversely affect health.

  • 21 - Understanding the Context and Dynamic Social Processes of Mental Health Treatment 

  • from Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 420-438

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the evidence for an effect of marital status on mental health, with a particular focus on the factors that identify who benefits from marriage, who suffers from marital dissolution, and under what circumstances. Studies of marital status differences in mental health commonly employ outcome measures of psychological distress and depressive symptoms. Several recent longitudinal studies have demonstrated that entering marriage is associated with increases in psychological well-being and declines in psychological distress. A growing body of research provides convincing evidence that the mental health benefits of marriage and the costs of marital dissolution vary greatly, depending on a range of individual, demographic, and relationship characteristics. These are commonly referred to as moderators of the relationship between marriage and mental health. Finally, it is important to remember that marriage and marital dissolution both involve a combination of rewards and strains.

  • 18 - Psychopathology and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Black Adolescents

  • from Part II - The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 334-360

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews sociological theories and measurements of stratification and social class in the process of relating inequality to mental disorder. It reviews the major research studies, noting differences in indicators of social class and methodological variations. Mental disorders can have infectious, toxicologic, genetic, neurodevelopmental, psychological, and social causes. Adolescence and young adulthood appear to be important developmental periods, both for the process of socioeconomic stratification and for the onset of mental disorders. A classic early study of social class and mental disorder concluded that selection and drift, rather than social causation, were the dominant explanation for the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental disorder. In analyzing data on social class, ethnic group, and mental disorder, it is important to compare rates in ethnic groups at the same level of social class. Research on the mediating variables may eventually prove more helpful in improving the lives of individual human beings.

  • References

  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 589-706

  • Summary

    Two prevailing beliefs held by the public (and many professionals) connect mental illness to the criminal justice system: first, a belief that deinstitutionalization has led to criminalization of mental illness, and second, a belief that mentally ill persons are dangerous and likely to commit crimes, especially violent crimes. This chapter reviews the available empirical evidence for these beliefs. Most studies of arrest of persons with mental illness have not controlled for comorbidities, despite existing research that shows that mentally ill persons with character disorders and substance abuse are much more likely to offend and have higher arrest rates than other mentally ill persons. The public's concern about coddling criminals and the subsequent release of not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) offenders into the community seems to be unwarranted. Mental health and social welfare systems with severely inadequate resources try to ameliorate the effects of such deleterious social conditions.

  • 20 - Mental Health and Terrorism

  • from Part II - The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 384-406

  • Summary

    The current racial categories reflect the convergence of geographic origins, exposure to prejudice and discrimination, and socioeconomic disadvantage. This chapter provides an overview of the mental health status for each minority population and evaluates the available scientific evidence of racial variations in mental health. In considering directions for future research, the chapter emphasizes the need to identify the ways in which the mental health problems of each group emerge from the larger social context in which the group is embedded. Race is strongly associated with socioeconomic status (SES), with American Indians, Hispanics, Blacks, and certain subgroups of the Asian and Pacific Islander population having lower levels of multiple indicators of SES than the White population. Challenges deriving from the adaptation to mainstream American culture and socioeconomic disadvantage can lead minority group members to experience high levels of stressful experiences that could adversely affect health.

  • 28 - Mental Health and the Changing Context of HIV

  • from Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 548-570

  • Summary

    This chapter examines some attempts by service providers and researchers to examine cultural issues in the treatment of ethnic minorities who have mental health problems. It begins with a review of interventions for ethnic minorities, what the empirical research suggests about these interventions, and some direction for future research. Rates of mental disorders have been generally used to indicate the need for professional care. Treatment studies tend to show that some ethnic minorities like African Americans are overrepresented in mental health facilities and other groups like Asian Americans are under represented. Empirical studies have found that ethnic, language, and cognitive match are related to a decrease in the dropout rate and an increase in utilization of services by ethnic minorities. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the perspectives that shape views about culture and mental health treatment.

  • 25 - Mental Health Care in Organizations and Systems

  • from Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 499-509

  • Summary

    This chapter provides a chronological review of the literature on terrorism and mental health over the past few decades. Studies of Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or its symptoms dominate the literature on the mental health consequences of terrorism, but also studied are other types of mental disorders including acute stress disorder, depression, risk behaviors, use of health services, intervention or prevention, and in a few examples multiple outcomes. The chapter also describes the unique features of each of the major types of disorder associated with terrorism in the literature, starting with PTSD. Terrorism drains individuals' psychosocial resources similar to the way a destroyed home or workplace drains individuals' financial ones. In particular, terrorism may simultaneously result in the loss of hope, sense of control, belief in the government's ability to protect its citizens, and social bonds.

  • Part II - The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness

  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 163-406

  • Summary

    An important issue in assessing the societal burden of mental disorders is whether the evidence of increasing prevalence in recent cohorts is real or a methodological artifact. The chapter begins with a broad overview of results concerning the estimated lifetime prevalence, age-of-onset distributions, projected lifetime risk, cohort effects, and sociodemographic correlates of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-IV disorders assessed in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). It then turns to a discussion of the prevalence of these same disorders in the year before the NCS-R interview. This is followed by a brief review of data regarding trends in disorder prevalence and treatment in the NCS-R compared to a decade earlier in the baseline NCS. The chapter closes with a discussion of interpretations and implications of these results along with anticipated future directions in the investigation of the prevalence of mental disorders.

  • Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy

  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 407-588

  • Summary

    This chapter presents a discussion of societal factors that affect mental health and illness among African American women. The discussion is guided by the diagram which illustrates that structural location as defined by the triangulation of race, gender, and class can influence mental well-being directly or indirectly by impinging on other more proximate processes. The mental well-being of African American women varies by age, marital status, household headship, parenthood, and employment. Among the social factors that diminish well-being among African American women are stressors resulting from the triangulation of racism, sexism, and low Socioeconomic Status (SES). Access to health care is critical for mental well-being because it contributes to healthier, longer lives. Quality health care for African American women requires access and utilization of mental health services that are culturally appropriate and sensitive to the social context of their lives as well as access and use of primary care.

  • 27 - Consequences of Managed Care for Mental Health Providers

  • from Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 529-547

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on mental health utilization, commonly referred to as help-seeking. It focuses on the social processes involved in responding to mental health problems and if, when, and how individuals receive care from a wide range of people in the community-their friends and family, physicians, mental health specialists, alternative healers, the clergy, Web sites, and life coaches. The chapter considers how the fiscal and organizational arrangements seen with changes in the American health care system, particularly the expansion and more recent contraction of stringent managed care strategies, affect how mental health care services are allocated and what this means for people and professionals responding to illness. In the Network-Episode Model (NEM), individuals are seen as pragmatic users with commonsense knowledge and cultural routines who seek out and respond to others when psychiatric symptoms or unusual behavior occurs.

  • 26 - Integrating Service Delivery Systems for Persons with a Severe Mental Illness

  • from Part III - Mental Health Systems and Policy
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 510-528

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the experiences with services integration (SI) in the broader U. S. health and welfare arena as a context for considering its applications in the mental health field over the past few decades. It then considers four major innovations as examples of SI in the mental health field-community mental health centers (CMHCs), the Community Support Program (CSP) and its spin-off, the Child and Adolescent Service System Program (CASSP), the Program on Chronic Mental Illness (PCMI) cosponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and the introduction of managed mental health care. The chapter then considers the effectiveness of SI with a focus on evaluation findings from the RWJF, PCMI and the Ft. Bragg children's mental health demonstration. It reviews the emergence of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement and the interface between SI and EBP.

Page 562 of 608