To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Across the nineteenth century, melodrama visually and dramatically expressed the ideologies that motivated and sustained the nation’s imperial project. Spectacular, jingoistic, and intensely patriotic, melodrama translated imperial conflicts and conquests into timely and topical cultural productions that generally simplified complex cross-cultural engagements and current political and military events. Melodrama’s conventional framing translated a complicated political concept into familiar theatrical idioms, allowing audiences of all classes to make sense of themselves as citizens of an empire. The ideological and visual dynamics of imperialist melodrama were rooted in early nineteenth-century Orientalist fantasies, and slavery and nautical melodramas. As the form evolved, it became more visually spectacular and jingoistic in tone. Though late-century melodramas generally promoted a popular pro-imperialist sentiment, many also used the structures of the normative romance plot to reflect increasing public anxieties about the domestic impact of Britain’s foreign entanglements as well as doubts about Britain’s ability to maintain its empire in the face of new international rivalries.
The explicit morality of melodrama and the hieratical organisation of the profession both demanded of its actors unambiguous characterisation and overt emotional expression. This tended to produce stereotypes, social and psychological, while expression drew on all the physical virtuosity of what George Henry Lewes described as ‘the symbols of the actor’s art’. This chapter relates the performer’s presence, gesture, and vocal expression as prescribed in acting manuals (e.g., Henry Siddons, Charles Bell, Henry Neville, and Gustave Garcia) to the psychology, science, and philosophy of the period, from Descartes’s Passions of the Soul to Diderot’s Paradox and Darwin’s Expression in Man and Animals. Particular attention is drawn to the theory and practice of François Delsarte. Acting in melodrama had to complement (or compete with) scenic spectacle and musical accompaniment. With the introduction of scenic naturalism later in the nineteenth century, extravagant gesture gave way to evocative stage business, but the need for unambiguous clarity of feeling and motivation remained. This is exemplified in the performance of Henry Irving in The Bells.
Psychoanalysis can be understood as a realisation of the theatrical aesthetics of melodrama, offering an acting out of psychic states and a return of the repressed that allow the full articulation of what is at stake in our emotional and moral lives. Melodrama anticipates the Freudian models of psychic functioning. At the same time, Freud himself seems to work toward ever more melodramatic and mythic formulation of the basic concepts of his psychology, so that his late work can have some of the aesthetic qualities of melodrama. D. W. Griffith and Marcel Proust offer further examples of the meeting of melodrama and psychoanalysis. Freud’s pursuit of a semiotics of the body, as in hysteria, recalls the similar project of the (melodramatic) novelist, Balzac, whose novel The Fatal Skin was in fact chosen by Freud as his final reading before his death.