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This consolidates several chapters in the first edition into one which discusses analytical techniques which have fallen out of favour. Since, however, these techniques have produced many thousands of analyses on archaeological material it considers the issues around using legacy data for modern research.
Chapter 1 argues that apocalyptic images and texts from the late Romantic period onwards respond to John Milton’s poetic treatment of temporality and grief in Paradise Lost, focusing on Mary Shelley’s apocalypse novel The Last Man. Shelley’s work, a project of revivification and memorialisation, challenges more conventional public narratives by embracing fragmentation and combining personal loss and universal catastrophe. In doing so, the novel draws on Milton’s epic, especially Adam’s prophetic vision after the fall. Shelley’s writings, including her letters, journals and Frankenstein, are read alongside John Martin’s apocalypse paintings and mezzotint illustrations of Paradise Lost. The chapter begins by positioning Shelley’s novel as a shared intertext for Martin’s The Last Man and Louis Édouard Fournier’s The Funeral of Shelley, both housed in the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool. It argues that Martin’s Paradise Lost illustrations more closely parallel Shelley’s literary response to Milton: both recreate Milton’s prophetic temporality and express apocalyptic grief through reference to darkness and light.
Introduces isotope archaeology – the use of mass spectrometry to determine the stable isotope ratios of the lighter elements (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen) in organic materials including bone and dental enamel, and also the heavier isotope ratios (strontium, lead) on biological tissue and inorganic materials.
Chapter 3 describes the deep prehistory of the human presence on the plateau and focuses on the necessity of genetic and physiological adaptations for successful, permanent life on the plateau. Sites with early dates are described and models for the peopling of the plateau are evaluated.
Addressing the active and challenging field of spectral theory, this book develops the general theory of spectra of discrete structures, on graphs, simplicial complexes, and hypergraphs. In fact, hypergraphs have long been neglected in mathematical research, but because of the discovery of Laplace operators that can probe their structure, and their manifold applications from chemical reaction networks to social interactions, they have now become one of the most active areas of interdisciplinary research. The authors' analysis of spectra of discrete structures embeds intuitive and easily visualized examples, which are often quite subtle, within a general mathematical framework. They highlight novel research on Cheeger-type inequalities that connect spectral estimates with the geometry, more precisely the cohesion, of the underlying structure. Establishing mathematical foundations and demonstrating applications, this book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in mathematics working on the spectral theory of operators on discrete structures.
Discusses the ionic and covalent bonds between atoms and the various forms of intermolecular bonding, showing how these manifest themselves in the shape of the molecules. It also introduces the nomenclature of organic compounds, and isomerism.