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The intermedial legacy of John Milton in nineteenth-century literature and visual culture features writers not only engaging with Milton's works but also responding to each other's rich and varied interpretations. Challenging linear models of literary tradition, Laura Fox Gill proposes a method of cross-disciplinary reading that stages triangular conversations across media. Through case studies pairing Milton with Mary Shelley and John Martin, Herman Melville and J. M. W. Turner, A. C. Swinburne and William Blake, and Thomas Hardy and Biblical illustrators, she uncovers a rich network of creative exchange. While Milton's legacy was often mediated through Romantic predecessors, his texts – especially Paradise Lost – remained vital touchstones for Victorian readers and viewers. Gill sheds new light on how Milton's works were reimagined in a multimedia culture, expanding our understanding of literary influence, reception, and the visual imagination of the nineteenth century.
What did audiences want when it came to 'race' on screen in twentieth-century Britain? This was the question that drove producers and makers of film and television as they competed for viewers, and organisations such as the BBC and ITV developed a new field of 'audience research' to address it. Christine Grandy examines how film and television producers, censors and researchers sought to locate audience preferences when it came to presentations of 'race'. Through empire films, home movies and television classics such as Love Thy Neighbour and The Cosby Show, this study explores what was at stake for white British audiences as they consumed material featuring problematic and positive presentations of Black and south Asian people. Race on Screen further uncovers the efforts of Black and south Asian audiences to draw attention to their own roles as overlooked audiences and to name film and television content as racist.
The Shakespeare family occupies five gravesites on the chancel steps at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon. Anne Shakespeare's grave is the only one commemorated with a brass plaque and an epitaph in original Latin poetry, eulogizing her as a beloved mother, pious woman, and 'so great a gift'. For nearly four hundred years, this epitaph has remained largely unreadable to visitors, enabling a long history of undervaluing Anne's significant maternal role in the Shakespeare family. Anne Shakespeare's Epitaph offers a new reading of the content and the related material conditions and interpersonal connections behind this text. It provides new evidence about the identity of the engraver and suggests several possible scenarios for how the Shakespeare family came to memorialize Anne as a cherished maternal figure. This Element reinscribes the original significance of Anne's epitaph, and reclaims it as an important Shakespearean text that offers traces of a lost documentary record.
Identifying ourselves, others, writers, with their opinions—and taking the form of the opinion as the epitome of political engagement—we assert a picture of the self that ought to be scrutinized. Mass print generated, along with the railways, telegraph, information-relays national and global, as well as the development of specialized forms of technological, scientific, economic, and medical knowledge, a sea of discourse belying any vision of a cogent public sphere: disinformation is not a purely 21st century, internet phenomenon. Poetry helps us understand this situation. Appearing in verse, claims about reality have been characterized, or have self-characterized, as virtual. As such, Romantic and post-Romantic poetry makes perceptible other ways in which, in other precincts, utterance becomes virtualized. Sometimes, by the psychological turbulences of the citizen-as-creature, appropriating world events to the need to self-assert; sometimes, as a result of affective matrices that challenge the idea that we are the authors of our own opinions.
This Element explores online harms experienced by children in the metaverse and considers the implications through a criminological lens. Drawing on research from the VIRRAC project, funded by REPHRAIN, it includes insights from industry experts, practitioners, and young people. The Element examines how criminological theories help us understand children's experiences online, while highlighting gaps in knowledge, resources, and training among professionals responsible for safeguarding against online harms, particularly child sexual exploitation and abuse in metaverse spaces. It explores complexities faced by those trying to detect, prevent, and respond to online harms in immersive environments, revealing the challenges of professional practice in this field. By amplifying children's voices, the Element offers critical findings on their needs for support and safety. Combining research and practical perspectives, it informs future policy and interventions to better protect vulnerable children in virtual reality platforms. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element examines the history, beliefs, and practices of the QAnon movement, described by supporters as a military intelligence operation meant to restore 'American greatness,' and by opponents as a threat to American democracy. Although it began as a fringe conspiracy theory when it emerged on anonymous internet image boards in the fall of 2017, the lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic sent most people online for social participation, facilitating greater awareness of the movement amidst an environment of rising social tension and personal anxiety. QAnon's emergence online offers an observable and real-time record of the way communities of meaning-making and identity develop through the consumption, construction, and circulation of ideas in a digital communication medium. By studying QAnon, this Element provides a better understanding of the relationship between conspiracy theory and religion and demonstrates how new religious movements emerge and evolve today in relation to consumerism and communication complexity.
The regular public transmission of news was one of the great inventions of the Renaissance. This Element, while offering a general account of news in the period, will convey the latest research results concerning the dynamics and significance of this major development. Drivers of change, apart from sheer curiosity, included state officials seeking opportunities, merchants seeking markets, writers seeking jobs. Traditional oral settings for news exchange, in homes, at court, and in public squares, from this period onward would have a constant supply of new topics of conversation originating not only from local occurrences but from far away, and not only from books, pamphlets and private letters, but also from regularly produced news sheets – first handwritten, then printed –covering what were thought to be the major events of the day, with significant effects on widespread ways of thinking and behaving.
In the past quarter of a century, or longer, popular cultures and musics both popular and 'new' have become concerned, rather than with futurity, with their own pasts, in a world where, after Fukuyama's 'end of history' or Berardi's 'cancellation of the future', the idea of fundamental historical change has seemed increasingly incredible. This Element is a critical study of music in what Fisher calls 'nostalgia mode', a flattened, high-gloss reproduction of a music indistinguishable from that which already exists, save for its technical perfection, and of hauntological musics critical of this stance, which deploy the music of the past not in reassuring fashion, but to stress that, in 'unwounded' history, they would not still be here. Although normally treated separately, this paradigm applies not only to popular music but also to new music, which has historically claimed the music of the future as its privileged territory.
This volume focuses on the vernacular forms of English found at various locations both in Britain and Ireland as well as a few in continental Europe. The goal of these chapters is to provide histories of those dialects not necessarily leading to standard English, largely within the framework of language variation and change, which is the immediate concern of the opening chapters. There follow treatments of dialects in English including that of early London and the various regions of England. The English language in Scotland is given special treatment with chapters on Scots and Standard Scottish English. Wales and Ireland form the focus of subsequent chapters which in particular examine language contact and its effect on English in these regions. The volume closes with presentations of the development of English in the Channel Islands, Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus.
Social and developmental psychology are often viewed as distinct subdisciplines, each with its own theories and methodologies. However, this book seeks to bridge that divide by proposing an integrative framework that considers various levels of analysis, from the individual to the societal. It emphasizes the interplay of fundamental concepts such as intra- and inter-group conflict and change across these levels. By revisiting and renewing foundational theories of development, the book introduces the concept of 'genetic social psychology.' This approach is applied to the complex case of the Cyprus conflict, as well as other conflict and post-conflict scenarios, uncovering transformative possibilities for both theory and practice. Ultimately, this work advocates for a broader, more cohesive understanding of psychological processes in social contexts, addressing contemporary challenges and enhancing our grasp of human behavior. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
During the Scottish Revolution (1637-1651), royalists and Covenanters appealed to Scottish law, custom and traditional views on kingship to debate the limits of King Charles I's authority. But they also engaged with the political ideas of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Protestant and Catholic intellectuals beyond the British Isles. This book explores the under-examined European context for Scottish political thought by analysing how royalists and Covenanters adapted Lutheran, Calvinist, and Catholic political ideas to their own debates about church and state. In doing so, it argues that Scots advanced languages of political legitimacy to help solve a crisis about the doctrines, ceremonies and polity of their national church. It therefore reinserts the importance of ecclesiology to the development of early modern political theory.
Moving beyond binary nationalist and unionist narratives of nineteenth-century Irish history, this study instead explores political thought through ideological battles over government. Drawing on neglected pamphlets, political tracts and polemic newspapers, Colin Reid reveals how Irish protagonists - unionists and anti-unionists, Catholic Emancipationists, Repealers, Tories, Fenians, and federalists - clashed over the meaning of representation, sovereignty and the British connection. Reid traces how competing constitutional visions, rather than national allegiances, drove Ireland's political evolution. From the bitter Union debates to the birth of Home Rule, it recovers forgotten arguments about parliamentary reform, the 'Irish question' in imperial context and the fraught experience of a small nation within a multinational polity. With fresh insights into figures such as Daniel O'Connell, Isaac Butt and lesser-known polemicists, this study redefines Irish political thought as a dynamic struggle for representative government. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Through an analysis of the career of the eminent courtier Sir Thomas Overbury, Epistolary Courtiership and Dramatic Letters re-examines what is meant by courtiership in the Jacobean period. With a particular focus on the years between 1609 and 1613, the book brings together many of the letters surrounding the scandal leading to Overbury's murder and provides an examination of epistolarity in the context of humanist and legal learning. Defining key themes of social mobility, homosociality and the legal power of James VI and I, it exposes the mechanisms by which men rose at his court and provides a context for a new reading of contemporary dramatic texts by Shakespeare, Webster and Chapman. The book argues that the changing performance of courtiership at James's court, the wider knowledge of that reflected in contemporary letters and consequently shifting attitudes, all alter the performance of courtiership in the playhouse.
Master the principles of flight dynamics, performance, stability, and control with this comprehensive and self-contained textbook. A strong focus on analytical rigor, balancing theoretical derivations and case studies, equips students with a firm understanding of the links between formulae and results. Over 130 step-by-step examples and 130 end-of-chapter problems cement student understanding, with solutions available to instructors. Computational Matlab code is provided for all examples, enabling students to acquire hands-on understanding, and over 200 ground-up diagrams, from simple “paper plane” models through to real-world examples, draw from leading commercial aircraft. Introducing fundamental principles and advanced concepts within the same conceptual framework, and drawing on the author's over 20 years of teaching in the field, this textbook is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students across aerospace engineering.
Queer books, like LGBTQ+ people, adapt heteronormative structures and institutions to introduce space for discourses of queer desire. Queer Books of Late-Victorian Print Culture explores print culture adaptations of the material book, examining the works of Aubrey Beardsley, Michael Field, John Gray, Charles Ricketts, Charles Shannon and Oscar Wilde. It closely analyses the material book, including the elements of binding, typography, paper, ink and illustration, and brings textual studies and queer theory into conversation with literary experiments in free verse, fairy tales and symbolist drama. King argues that queer authors and artists revised the Revival of Printing's ideals for their own diverse and unique desires, adapting new technological innovations in print culture. Their books created a community of like-minded aesthetes who challenged legal and representational discourses of same-sex desire with one of aesthetic sensuality.
Anthropologists have struggled with the concept of the food taboo for over a century; and archaeologists struggle with detecting them in the material signatures of the past. Yet by recognizing that ancient peoples must have followed taboos, some of which may have persisted for thousands of years, we gain insight into how cultural traditions shaped the ways in which people ate and interacted with their environments. This Element concerns food and the cultural structures that surround it. It provides an overview of the history and anthropological understandings of food taboos, and offers critical engagement with the current archaeological method and theory investigating these. Archaeological case studies, including the pig taboo in Judaism and ethnoarchaeological analysis of various mammalian taboos among the Nukak of Amazonia, shed light on the difficulties and prospects of studying food taboos in the material record.
The Edinburgh Companion to Charles Dickens and the Arts explores Dickens's rich and complex relationships with a myriad of art forms and the far-reaching resonance of his works across the arts overall. This volume reassesses Dickens's prescient philosophy of art, both through a historical and a present-day lens and in the context of debates about the cultural value of the arts. Across thirty-three original essays, it outlines the ways in which Dickens broke down oppositions between high and low art, money and the aesthetic, the extraordinary and the ordinary, and art for its own sake and the social good. In doing so, it considers how Dickens prefigured the arts of the future, including rap music, television, fanfiction and global cinema.
Recent studies of Muslims in Kenya and Tanzania have tended either to examine governance of Muslims in relation to security issues, or to discuss the reforms attempted within communities and their implications for Muslim theology, rituals and general welfare. Both these approaches are covered in this book, and a third is added - the study of Muslims as citizens or residents of their respective countries, looking at their activities and attitudes in relation to the various challenges they face together with their fellow compatriots and citizens.
In Seeing Matters, Sarah Awad offers a psychological exploration of how images shape our actions, perceptions, and identities. She examines how we use images to symbolically and materially influence the world, others, and ourselves, while also revealing how the images around us shape our thoughts, emotions, and memories. Awad investigates the social and political dynamics of visual culture, questioning who is seen, how they are portrayed, and why these representations matter. By using clear language and real-world examples, she makes complex theories accessible to readers, offering diverse methodological approaches for analyzing a wide range of image genres – such as graffiti, digital memes, photojournalism, and caricatures. This comprehensive analysis addresses the politics of visual representation, making the book an essential guide for researchers across disciplines, while providing valuable insights into how images impact society and our everyday lives.
How have victims shaped – and reshaped – transitional justice? This volume introduces a novel framework for tracing and interpreting the evolving trajectories of victim-survivor engagement across different phases of grassroots activism, institutional participation, and various forms of resistance. Drawing on a diverse range of empirical case studies from across the globe, the handbook provides both a historical analysis of victims' evolving roles in (formal, informal, and everyday) transitional justice processes and a comparative perspective on the realities of victim engagement today – highlighting increasingly intersecting justice struggles and the porous boundaries of transitional justice. Written for students, scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in transitional justice, human rights, international law, peacebuilding, and social movements, this interdisciplinary resource draws on innovative, on-the-ground practices and the protagonism of victims to foster conceptual and methodological innovation for a forward-looking reimagination of victim-led justice after large-scale violence.