Justice between private individuals has commonly been viewed as a matter for civil courts. In recent years, however, regulatory agencies have played a role in providing redress to aggrieved individuals in mass damage cases. This chapter examines how regulatory enforcement deals with and should deal with the issue of private law remedies for regulatory violations. It focuses on the actual and desirable role of national and European regulatory agencies, which typically use administrative law means to deter regulatory breaches, in providing compensation to victims of mass violations of EU private law. The chapter presents three models of the relationship between regulatory enforcement powers and private law remedies within the operation of administrative agencies – separation, complementarity, and substitution – and discusses their main characteristics, manifestations, and implications. Each model is analysed in terms of its potential to reconcile the pursuit of the public interest in deterring regulatory violations with a traditional private law concern to ensure interpersonal justice by compensating their victims. The models also reflect and address the tension between uniformity and diversity in the remedial domain. The chapter concludes by elucidating the practical relevance of its findings in the broader context in which regulatory agencies operate in different jurisdictions.

Introduction: Interpreters of Paul have distorted or misconstrued features of Paul’s notion of love by insisting that he holds to an absolute antithesis between self-interest and other-regard. This calls for a rereading of Paul’s Christology and love ethics beyond that dichotomy.

Given that relationship satisfaction is ultimately a cognitive phenomenon, social cognition likely plays a critical role in determining the extent to which intimates are satisfied with their relationships. This chapter begins with a theoretical description of the cognitive processes that determine relationship satisfaction. Following from this framework, the second section reviews work suggesting there are various benefits to thinking positively about one’s relationship. Nevertheless, the third section highlights work suggesting there are important limits to these benefits, such that they depend on qualities of the two partners, their relationship, and the broader context in which that relationship is embedded. The fourth section then introduces the possibility that distinguishing between controlled and more automatic forms of social cognition may offer insights into why such limits exist. The final section concludes by suggesting various directions for future research that may offer insights into how both controlled and automatic thinking shape relationship development.

Drum and bass is one of the fastest electronic dance music (EDM) genres to achieve significant cultural attention, often running in excess of 170 BPM (beats-per-minute); around twice the speed of the soul and funk records from which its ‘breaks’ are sourced. Its emergence via dance clubs and raves in the deindustrialised spaces of inner-city London during the early 1990s points to an interrelationship between the stratified experience of speed in an accelerated culture and the effects of post-industrialisation on the genre’s mainly urban and working-class participants, many of whom have been socially and geographically immobilised by the fast and fluid transactions of deterritorialised techno-capital. This chapter considers the role of drum and bass as both a form of cultural resistance within underground EDM against the socially deleterious effects of an accelerated culture, while palpably embracing the jouissance produced by speed in its sonic and wider cultural contexts.

This chapter begins by sketching Déat’s last days in occupied France before fleeing to Germany with the retreating Nazis. It then highlights Déat’s opportunism and his search for intellectual distinction as significant factors in his trajectory and eventual radicalization as a collaborationist fascist fully aligned with Nazism. Déat’s path from democratic socialism to fascism is summarized in terms of the practical logic of his political conversion, with the conclusion that his ultimate conversion to fascism was the culmination of his repeatedly unsuccessful attempts at political reinvention. The chapter ends by reaffirming the fundamentally discontinuous and relational character of political conversion, which is best understood in terms of what Bourdieu calls “trajectory.” Political conversions are not just individual biographical facts, nor are they passive mental processes; they are actively made by political actors within changing political fields.

Relationships are influenced by how and where they begin. This chapter focuses on the initiation of romantic and nonromantic relationships (e.g., friendships), including those initiated online. We discuss what types of people are selected as friends and romantic partners as well as the role of context in initial social interaction. First, we first explore the influence of geographic and virtual proximity in relationship initiation. Then, we offer homophily and predicted outcome value theories to understand why some people are more socially attractive than others, and why context influences social attraction. Next, we introduce social exchange and partner preference theories to explain why people are sexually and romantically attracted to others. We examine the similarities and differences between online dating and in-person romantic relationship initiation. Finally, we examine the conversational factors – both verbal and nonverbal – leading to attraction. We also discuss specific partner compatibility – that is, what makes two people "click."

In this chapter, we provide an overview of modern methodological approaches to relationship science that is both practical and accessible. We start with a “status report” on the field, outlining three popular methodological trends. First, we discuss the application of machine learning techniques, specifically random forests, to the field of relationships science. Second, we elaborate on the importance of multimodal data, describing studies incorporating physiological, neurological, and linguistic measures. Third, we briefly discuss nonstandard dyadic designs, such as the round-robin design and network analysis, which enable the examination of multiple dyads within larger groups. Throughout these sections, we provide recommendations for scholars who wish to implement these methods in future work. Next, we provide a description of two analytical approaches used frequently in dyadic data analysis – structural equation modeling (SEM) and multilevel modeling (MLM) – and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. We also present a brief discussion of differences between statistical software programs and suggestions for when to use each.

This chapter starts by generally providing an overview of the problem, i.e. the cross-border situation, and the solutions that are given by conflict of laws through its typical methods. It then proceeds with an analysis of how choice of law intersects takeover law. Even though the Takeover Directive addresses the problem, spaces are inexorably left for the typical choice-of-law characterization issues, at the frontiers between matters relating to the bid procedure and matters relating to company law, each potentially subject to the laws of different Member States (see Article 4(2)(e) of the Directive). Keeping in mind the different connecting factors for the lex mercatus and the lex societatis, this chapter addresses particular questions raised by cross-border takeovers, trying to find legal strategies to solve them. These include rules on information, on corporate governance and on defensive measures. Also recent developments concerning corporate sustainability are mentioned, taking them into consideration while pondering whether current societal and ecological concerns should operate as a justification for allowing boards of companies to defend against cross-border takeover bids.

Chapter 1 examines connections between abolition debates and legislation in Britain and the decisions of colonial administrations to amend, retain or abolish the death penalty in the 1950s and 1960s. The British government made only limited efforts to promote abolition across the Empire and readily accepted arguments made by governors, political and judicial appointees and elected lawmakers for retaining executions. The course of imperial abolition was consequently uneven in ways that reflected the diversity of colonial legal and penal cultures, crime control concerns, constitutional arrangements and political dynamics, and which saw racialized systems of colonial penal violence persist into the abolition era. Yet even in colonies where the death penalty was retained into the 1970s and beyond, death sentences were upheld in an increasingly narrow range of murder cases. In some jurisdictions, this shift predated British abolition and indicates a more pervasive and dispersed turn against capital punishment across the Empire than is captured in statute laws alone.

In the current chapter, we review the research on close relationships done via the methodologies of neuroscience – in short relationship neuroscience (RN). Much of the research we review focuses on attachment (child–parent or romantic) and sexuality. Nevertheless, we aim to cover RN broadly defined. We start by framing our topic and providing a few working definitions. We then cover the various relational (attachment, interdependence) and neuroscience (social baseline theory, and the Functional Neuroanatomical Model of Human Attachment) theories, methodologies (MRI, ERPs, and genetics), and types of relationships (familial relations, romantic, friendships, sexual relations, etc.) used or covered in this subfield. We explore both positive and negative aspects of close relationships. Finally, we reflect on the bidirectional link and contributions between relationship science and neuroscience and suggest potential implications for mental and physical health and policymaking. We also outline some remaining issues and future directions for RN.